scholarly journals Gelsemium elegans Benth: Chemical Components, Pharmacological Effects, and Toxicity Mechanisms

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7145
Author(s):  
Hailing Lin ◽  
Hongqiang Qiu ◽  
Yu Cheng ◽  
Maobai Liu ◽  
Maohua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indole Alkaloids ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Disease Condition ◽  
Toxicity Mechanisms

Gelsemium elegans Benth (GEB), also known as heartbreak grass, is a highly poisonous plant belonging to the family Loganiaceae and genus Gelsemium that has broad application prospects in medicine. This article reviews its chemical components, pharmacological effects, toxicity mechanisms, and research progress in clinical applications in recent years. Indole alkaloids are the main active components of GEB and have a variety of pharmacological and biological functions. They have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immunomodulation properties, with the therapeutic dose being close to the toxic dose. Application of small-dose indole alkaloids fails to work effectively, while high-dose usage is prone to poisoning, aggravating the patient’s conditions. Special caution is needed, especially to observe the changes in the disease condition of the patients in clinical practice. In-depth research on the chemical components and mechanisms of GEB is essential to the development of promising lead compounds and lays the foundation for extensive clinical application and safe usage of GEB in the future.

A Review of the Bioactive Ingredients, Pharmacological Functions and Mechanisms of Inonotus obliquus

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulinigaer Anwaier ◽  
Cong Wen ◽  
Yi-ni Caoili ◽  
Rong Qi
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Inonotus Obliquus ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Medicinal Fungus ◽  
Digestive System Diseases

: As a medicinal fungus, Inonotus obliquus (IO) has been widely used in the treatment of cancer and digestive system diseases. Despite the progress that has been made in the studies of IO and its active compounds, their applications in other important clinical diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, which are major global issues with limited treatment strategies, are seldom reported. This review summarizes the separation and purification methods of chemical components of IO, the advances in their applications, and research progress on the pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of IO in disease prevention. This review will help researchers and clinicians to further understand the pharmacological functions and mechanisms of IO and its active components, which may extend their medical applications in the prevention and treatment of other diseases in addition to tumors and digestive system diseases in the near future.

scholarly journals Applications, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics, toxicity of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. and its probably potential therapeutic effects on COVID-19: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Wen Song ◽  
Jia-Ying Long ◽  
Long Xie ◽  
Lin-Lin Zhang ◽  
Qing-Xuan Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. (SB) is a common heat-clearing medicine in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It has been used for thousands of years in China and its neighboring countries. Clinically, it is mostly used to treat diseases such as cold and cough. SB has different harvesting periods and processed products for different clinical symptoms. Botanical researches proved that SB included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (1st, 2020) was consistent with the medicinal SB described in ancient books. Modern phytochemical analysis had found that SB contains hundreds of active ingredients, of which flavonoids are its major components. These chemical components are the material basis for SB to exert pharmacological effects. Pharmacological studies had shown that SB has a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, liver protection, etc. The active ingredients of SB were mostly distributed in liver and kidney, and couldn't be absorbed into brain via oral absorption. SB’s toxicity was mostly manifested in liver fibrosis and allergic reactions, mainly caused by baicalin. The non-medicinal application prospects of SB were broad, such as antibacterial plastics, UV-resistant silk, animal feed, etc. In response to the Coronavirus Disease In 2019 (COVID-19), based on the network pharmacology research, SB’s active ingredients may have potential therapeutic effects, such as baicalin and baicalein. Therefore, the exact therapeutic effects are still need to be determined in clinical trials. SB has been reviewed in the past 2 years, but the content of these articles were not comprehensive and accurate. In view of the above, we made a comprehensive overview of the research progress of SB, and expect to provide ideas for the follow-up study of SB.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Compound Houttuynia Mixture as an Anti-COVID-19 Drug Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110167
Author(s):  
Xing-Pan Wu ◽  
Tian-Shun Wang ◽  
Zi-Xin Yuan ◽  
Yan-Fang Yang ◽  
He-Zhen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Target Prediction ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Discovery Studio ◽  
The Core ◽  
Pathway Annotation

Objective To explore the anti-COVID-19 active components and mechanism of Compound Houttuynia mixture by using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods First, the main chemical components of Compound Houttuynia mixture were obtained by using the TCMSP database and referring to relevant chemical composition literature. The components were screened for OB ≥30% and DL ≥0.18 as the threshold values. Then Swiss Target Prediction database was used to predict the target of the active components and map the targets of COVID-19 obtained through GeneCards database to obtain the gene pool of the potential target of COVID-19 resistance of the active components of Compound Houttuynia mixture. Next, DAVID database was used for GO enrichment and KEGG pathway annotation of targets function. Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to construct a “components-targets-pathways” network. Then String database was used to construct a “protein-protein interaction” network. Finally, the core targets, SARS-COV-2 3 Cl, ACE2 and the core active components of Compound Houttuyna Mixture were imported into the Discovery Studio 2016 Client database for molecular docking verification. Results Eighty-two active compounds, including Xylostosidine, Arctiin, ZINC12153652 and ZINC338038, were screened from Compound Houttuyniae mixture. The key targets involved 128 targets, including MAPK1, MAPK3, MAPK8, MAPK14, TP53, TNF, and IL6. The HIF-1 signaling, VEGF signaling, TNF signaling and another 127 signaling pathways associated with COVID-19 were affected ( P < 0.05). From the results of molecular docking, the binding ability between the selected active components and the core targets was strong. Conclusion Through the combination of network pharmacology and molecular docking technology, this study revealed that the therapeutic effect of Compound Houttuynia mixture on COVID-19 was realized through multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pathways, which provided a certain scientific basis of the clinical application of Compound Houttuynia mixture.

scholarly journals A Review of the Botany, Traditional Use, Phytochemistry, Analytical Methods, Pharmacological Effects, and Toxicity of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Ajiao Hou ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Jiaxu Zhang ◽  
Wenjing Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Pharmacological Study ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Traditional Use

Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (AP), as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used for thousands of years in China. In this paper, the botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, analytical methods, quality control, pharmacological effects, and toxicity of AP were reviewed. It can provide a reference for the further research and lay a foundation for the rational clinical application of AP. The relevant information on AP was collected from scientific databases (such as Baidu Scholar, CNKI, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and SciFinder Scholar), Chinese herbal classics, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, PhD and MSc dissertations, and so on. The components which have been isolated and identified in AP include coumarins, volatile oils, organic acids, terpenes, polysaccharides, flavonoids, sterols, and trace elements. Most of them were analyzed by HPLC and GC. A pharmacological study shows that the AP has extensive pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antirheumatism, sedative and hypnotic, neuroprotection, antioxidation, antitumor, and allergy, and it is widely used in the treatment of the rheumatoid arthritis, knee osteoarthritis, lumbar disc, ankylosing spondylitis, headaches, stroke hemiplegia, Alzheimer’s, and arrhythmia. AP is a valuable natural medicinal plant. So far, significant advances have been made in phytochemistry and pharmacology. Some traditional uses have been demonstrated by modern pharmacology. However, the chemical components and pharmacological effects of AP are complex and varied, and there are different standards for the evaluation of its quality and efficacy. The mechanism of action, the structure-activity relationship among the components, and the potential synergistic and antagonistic effects remain to be studied. At the same time, there are few studies on the specific compounds related to its pharmacodynamics. In order to better develop and utilize AP, we should establish a more reasonable, reliable, and accurate quality control standard and focus on the study of bioactive constituents and the demonstration of their mechanism of action.

Structure Identification and Evaluation of Chemical Components from the Flos Sophorae Immaturus for Inhibitory Effects against HepG2

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-457
Author(s):  
Zhaohui Xue ◽  
Weichen Song ◽  
Xin Gao ◽  
Wancong Yu ◽  
Xiaonan Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Structure Identification ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Sophora Japonica ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cell Proliferation Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Potency

Flos Sophorae Immaturus, dried buds of Sophora japonica, exhibits multiple pharmacologic activities including anti-inflammatory, antiaging, and antiallergy effects as well as adjunct to standard of care cancer therapy. However, active components responsible for beneficial effects in cancer are not known. In this study, Flos Sophorae Immaturus was obtained by ethanol extraction, and eight components were purified, identified, and tested for HepG2 cell proliferation inhibition potency. The compounds identified to be the most effective inhibitors were campherol > isorhamnetin > quercetin. These data provide theoretical and scientific basis for the further development, utilization, and the promotion of added value of Flos Sophorae Immaturus.

Research Progress of Essential Oil as a New Complementary Therapy in the Treatment of Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinli Liang ◽  
Xinli Wang ◽  
Guowei Zhao ◽  
Xiaoying Huang ◽  
Xiqiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Treatment Of Depression

: Depression is a mood disorder or affective disorder disease with depression as the main symptom. It has become a kind of mental disease that cannot be ignored in the world that seriously endangers human physical and mental health. Antidepressants commonly used in clinics generally have some defects including slow action, unremarkable effects and large side-effects. Therefore, there has a huge developing space for the research of new and effective therapeutic drugs to supplement or replace traditional drugs. Essential oil has obvious advantages in the treatment of depression and other emotional diseases, its aromatic odor can directly stimulate the olfactory nerves, and the lipophilic small- molecular compounds can cross the blood-brain barrier easily, to play its regulatory role of releasing of neurotransmitters and hormones related to depression, or adjusting the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and proinflammatory cytokines. The pathogenesis of depression and the problems in traditional medication was illustrated, the research on the antidepressant effects and mechanism of essential oils in recent years was summarized and the antidepressant chemical components in plant essential oils were reviewed in this article. It could provide scientific basis for essential oil to be a new choice for relieving depression and treating depression.

scholarly journals Glycogen Phosphorylase-a is a Common Target for Anti-Diabetic Effect of Iridoid and Secoiridoid Glycosides

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitesh B Vaidya ◽  
Abeer A Ahmed ◽  
Ramesh K Goyal ◽  
Sukhinder K Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Glycogen Phosphorylase ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Secoiridoid Glycosides ◽  
Common Target

Purpose. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action or both. The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diabetes mellitus dates back from the Ebers papyrus of about 1550 B.C. One of the major problems with herbal drugs is that the active ingredients are not well defined. It is important to know the active components and their molecular interactions which will help to analyze their therapeutic efficacy and also to standardize the product. There are a number of medicinal plants known for their anti-diabetic effect that possess similarities in their active chemical components, e.g. iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides. Methods. In this study, we have compared the structure of various iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides to design a novel pharmacophore. We further developed a structure-activity relationship for the inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase-a. Conclusion. By using docking studies, we are proposing, for the first time, that inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase-a activity is a common target for iridoids and secoiridoids to elicit anti-diabetic effects. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals Seeing the Unseen of the Combination of Two Natural Resins, Frankincense and Myrrh: Changes in Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Cao ◽  
Xi-Chuan Wei ◽  
Xiao-Rong Xu ◽  
Hai-Zhu Zhang ◽  
Chuan-Hong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Channel Characteristics ◽  
Natural Resins ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Traditional Natural ◽  
Natural Drugs

For the treatment of diseases, especially chronic diseases, traditional natural drugs have more effective therapeutic advantages because of their multi-target and multi-channel characteristics. Among many traditional natural medicines, resins frankincense and myrrh have been proven to be effective in the treatment of inflammation and cancer. In the West, frankincense and myrrh have been used as incense in religious and cultural ceremonies since ancient times; in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine, they are used mainly for the treatment of chronic diseases. The main chemical constituents of frankincense and myrrh are terpenoids and essential oils. Their common pharmacological effects are anti-inflammatory and anticancer. More interestingly, in traditional Chinese medicine, frankincense and myrrh have been combined as drug pairs in the same prescription for thousands of years, and their combination has a better therapeutic effect on diseases than a single drug. After the combination of frankincense and myrrh forms a blend, a series of changes take place in their chemical composition, such as the increase or decrease of the main active ingredients, the disappearance of native chemical components, and the emergence of new chemical components. At the same time, the pharmacological effects of the combination seem magically powerful, such as synergistic anti-inflammation, synergistic anticancer, synergistic analgesic, synergistic antibacterial, synergistic blood-activation, and so on. In this review, we summarize the latest research on the main chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of these two natural resins, along with chemical and pharmacological studies on the combination of the two.

Inhibition of Substrate-Tumor Cell Adhesion Under the Effect of Gnidilatimonoein Purified from Daphne mucronata

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (03) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mianabadi ◽  
R. Yazdanparast
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Tumor Cell Adhesion ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Daphne Mucronata ◽  
Cancerous Cells ◽  
Malignancy Potential

Alteration of the cell surface glycoproteins of cancerous cells correlate with malignancy potential. To evaluate the mediation of membrane glycoproteins in wehi-164 cancerous cells, under the effect of D. mucronata crude extract and one of its purified active components, gnidilatimonoein, their attachment to fibronectin-coated wells were investigated. The plant extract, 27 μl/ml (equivalent to 0.54 mg/of plant leaves powder per ml of culture medium), as well as gnidilatimonoein (0.94 μM), were capable of quenching by 58% and 64%, respectively, the attachment of wehi-164 cells to fibronectin-coated wells (4 μg/ml). In addition to alteration of cell adhesive properties, the morphology of the treated cells were significantly changed upon treatment with the non-toxic dose of the plant extract or gnidilatimonoein. While the untreated cells have polygonal shapes, the treated cells had spherical shapes.

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