The Effect of the Liposomal Encapsulated Saffron Extract on the Physicochemical Properties of a Functional Ricotta Cheese

In this study, the encapsulation of saffron extract (SE) was examined at four various concentrations of soy lecithin (0.5%–4% w/v) and constant concentration of SE (0.25% w/v). Particle size and zeta potential of liposomes were in the range of 155.9–208.1 nm and −34.6–43.4 mV, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency was in the range of 50.73%–67.02%, with the stability of nanoliposomes in all treatments being >90%. Encapsulated SE (2% lecithin) was added to ricotta cheese at different concentrations (0%, 0.125%, 1%, and 2% w/v), and physicochemical and textural properties of the cheese were examined. Lecithin concentration significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected the particle size, zeta potential, stability, and encapsulation efficiency of the manufactured liposomes. In terms of chemical composition and color of the functional cheese, the highest difference was observed between the control cheese and the cheese enriched with 2% liposomal encapsulated SE. Hardness and chewiness increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in the cheeses containing encapsulated SE compared to the control cheese. However, there was no significant difference in the case of adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and gumminess among different cheeses. Overall, based on the findings of this research, liposomal encapsulation was an efficient method for the delivery of SE in ricotta cheese as a novel functional food.

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Optimization and Characterization of Aqueous Micellar Formulations for Ocular Delivery of an Antifungal Drug, Posaconazole

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200313172207 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (14) ◽

pp. 1543-1555 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meltem E. Durgun ◽

Emine Kahraman ◽

Sevgi Güngör ◽

Yıldız Özsoy

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Encapsulation Efficiency ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Pluronic F127 ◽

Glycol Succinate ◽

Vitro Release

Background: Topical therapy is preferred for the management of ocular fungal infections due to its superiorities which include overcoming potential systemic side effects risk of drugs, and targeting of drugs to the site of disease. However, the optimization of effective ocular formulations has always been a major challenge due to restrictions of ocular barriers and physiological conditions. Posaconazole, an antifungal and highly lipophilic agent with broad-spectrum, has been used topically as off-label in the treatment of ocular fungal infections due to its highly lipophilic character. Micellar carriers have the potential to improve the solubility of lipophilic drugs and, overcome ocular barriers. Objective: In the current study, it was aimed optimization of posaconazole loaded micellar formulations to improve aqueous solubility of posaconazole and to characterize the formulations and to investigate the physical stability of these formulations at room temperature (25°C, 60% RH), and accelerated stability (40°C, 75% RH) conditions. Method: Micelles were prepared using a thin-film hydration method. Pre-formulation studies were firstly performed to optimize polymer/surfactant type and to determine their concentration in the formulations. Then, particle size, size distribution, and zeta potential of the micellar formulations were measured by ZetaSizer Nano-ZS. The drug encapsulation efficiency of the micelles was quantified by HPLC. The morphology of the micelles was depicted by AFM. The stability of optimized micelles was evaluated in terms of particle size, size distribution, zeta potential, drug amount and pH for 180 days. In vitro release studies were performed using Franz diffusion cells. Results: Pre-formulation studies indicated that single D-ɑ-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS), a combination of it and Pluronic F127/Pluronic F68 are capable of formation of posaconazole loaded micelles at specific concentrations. Optimized micelles with high encapsulation efficiency were less than 20 nm, approximately neutral, stable, and in aspherical shape. Additionally, in vitro release data showed that the release of posaconazole from the micelles was higher than that of suspension. Conclusion: The results revealed that the optimized micellar formulation of posaconazole offers a potential approach for topical ocular administration.

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The Effect of pH and Storage Temperature on the Stability of Emulsions Stabilized by Rapeseed Proteins

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10071657 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1657

Author(s):

Karolina Östbring ◽

María Matos ◽

Ali Marefati ◽

Cecilia Ahlström ◽

Gemma Gutiérrez

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Emulsion Stability ◽

Press Cake ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Soy Lecithin ◽

Rapeseed Protein ◽

Rapeseed Proteins ◽

Precipitation Ph ◽

The Stability

Rapeseed press cake (RPC), the by-product of rapeseed oil production, contains proteins with emulsifying properties, which can be used in food applications. Proteins from industrially produced RPC were extracted at pH 10.5 and precipitated at pH 3 (RPP3) and 6.5 (RPP6.5). Emulsions were formulated at three different pHs (pH 3, 4.5, and 6) with soy lecithin as control, and were stored for six months at either 4 °C or 30 °C. Zeta potential and droplet size distribution were analyzed prior to incubation, and emulsion stability was assessed over time by a Turbiscan instrument. Soy lecithin had significantly larger zeta potential (−49 mV to 66 mV) than rapeseed protein (−19 mV to 20 mV). Rapeseed protein stabilized emulsions with smaller droplets at pH close to neutral, whereas soy lecithin was more efficient at lower pHs. Emulsions stabilized by rapeseed protein had higher stability during storage compared to emulsions prepared by soy lecithin. Precipitation pH during the protein extraction process had a strong impact on the emulsion stability. RPP3 stabilized emulsions with higher stability in pHs close to neutral, whereas the opposite was found for RPP6.5, which stabilized more stable emulsions in acidic conditions. Rapeseed proteins recovered from cold-pressed RPC could be a suitable natural emulsifier and precipitation pH can be used to monitor the stability in emulsions with different pHs.

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SYNTHESIS AND STABILITY OF RESVERATROL-CONJUGATED GOLD NANOPARTICLES MODIFIED WITH POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s1.ff050 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 230-236

Author(s):

RADITYA ISWANDANA ◽

RICHA NURSELVIANA ◽

SUTRIYO SUTRIYO

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

High Performance ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Test Results ◽

Novel Method ◽

The Stability ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline

Objective: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are highly useful for drug delivery, but their application is limited by their stability as they readily aggregate.This issue can be prevented by adding a stabilizing agent such as resveratrol (RSV), which is a polyphenol derived from plants, that is used to preventcancer. Therefore, we propose a novel method to prepare stable RSV-conjugated nanoparticles modified with polyethylene glycol (RSV-AuNP-PEG).Methods: In the first step, the Turkevich method was used to synthesize the AuNPs. Then, PEG was added as stabilizer agent and conjugated with RSV.The synthesized conjugates were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, particle sizeanalysis, and high-performance liquid chromatography.Results: The obtained RSV-AuNP-PEG had a particle size of 83.93 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.562 and formed a translucent purple-redfluid in solution. The zeta potential was −22.9 mV, and the highest entrapment efficiency was 75.86±0.66%. For comparison, the RSV-AuNP solutionwas purple and turbid, the particle size was 51.97 nm with a PDI of 0.694, and the zeta potential was −24.6 mV. The stability test results showed thatthe storage stability of RSV-AuNP-PEG was better than that of AuNP-RSV. Further, the RSV-AuNP-PEG was shown to be most stable in 2% bovine serumalbumin (BSA) while the AuNP-RSV was most stable in 2% BSA in phosphate-buffered saline pH 7.4.Conclusion: These results show that modification of RSV-conjugated AuNPs with PEG effectively prevents their aggregation in storage, but only incertain mediums.

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Effect of Potato Pulp Pectic Polysaccharide on the Stability of Acidified Milk Drinks

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25235632 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (23) ◽

pp. 5632

Author(s):

Weixuan Sun ◽

Wenhan Yang ◽

Yuxue Zheng ◽

Huiling Zhang ◽

Haitian Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Neutral Sugar ◽

Lower Serum ◽

Pectic Polysaccharide ◽

Potato Pulp ◽

Lower Viscosity ◽

Stabilizing Effect ◽

New Ideas ◽

The Stability

In order to broaden the application of potato pulp pectic polysaccharide (PPP) in stabilizing acidified milk drinks (AMDs) and investigate the stabilizing effect and physical properties of AMDs prepared with PPP, a comparative study was made among PPP, commercial high methoxyl pectin (HMP) and low methoxyl pectin (LMP). The zeta potential, rheology, particle size and serum separation of AMDs were evaluated after preparing with PPP, HMP and LMP, respectively. Results indicated that PPP led to lower serum separation than LMP (14.65% for AMDs prepared with 0.5% PPP compared to 25.05% for AMDs prepared with 0.5% LMP), but still higher than HMP (9.09% for AMDs prepared with 0.5% HMP). However, narrower particle size distribution and lower viscosity of AMDs was achieved by PPP than by LMP and HMP. PPP can electrostatically adsorb on the surface of casein and its abundant neutral sugar side chains would provide steric hindrance to prevent casein flocculation in AMDs. Our results might provide some new ideas for the application of PPP in improving the stability of AMDs.

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IN VITRO ANTI-PLATELET AGGREGATION ACTIVITY OF HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE–CYSTEAMINE BASED NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING CRUDE BROMELAIN

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2020v12i3.35053 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 95-98

Author(s):

DENI RAHMAT ◽

LILIEK NURHIDAYATI ◽

MARCELLA MARCELLA ◽

ROS SUMARNY ◽

DIAN RATIH LAKSMITAWATI

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Light Transmission ◽

Hydroxypropyl Cellulose ◽

Platelet Activity ◽

Two Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Aggregation Activity

Objective: The aim of the present study was to formulate bromelain into nanoparticles in order to improve its stability and activity. Methods: Crude bromelain was prepared by protein precipitation from the pineapple stem juice using ammonium sulphate at the concentration of 60% (w/v). Nanoparticles containing crude bromelain were generated using the ionic gelation method with hydroxypropyl cellulose–cysteamine (HPC-cysteamine) conjugate as a matrix. Crude bromelain was then added to the HPC-cysteamine solution for ionic interaction to construct the nanoparticles, which were then analyzed for their particle size and zeta potential. The resulting nanoparticles were mixed with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to perform anti-platelet aggregation. Results: The nanoparticle had 928.3 nm in particle size and-7.25 mV in zeta potential. Anti-platelet activity of crude bromelain and the nanoparticles were determined with modification of light transmission aggregometry (LTA), in which ADP was used to induce an aggregation while a spectrophotometer UV-Vis was used to measure the absorbance at the wavelength of 600 nm. The result showed that crude bromelain and the nanoparticles rendered percentage inhibition of 8.00±1.17% and 48.56±11.19%, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the result of a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was concluded that there was a significant difference in percentage inhibition between the two samples. The nanoparticles demonstrated a better anti-platelet aggregation activity compared to crude bromelain.

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Elaboration of Nanoparticles Containing Indomethacin: Argan Oil for Transdermal Local and Cosmetic Application

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2015/935439 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Waisudin Badri ◽

Karim Miladi ◽

Rkia Eddabra ◽

Hatem Fessi ◽

Abdelhamid Elaissari

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Particle Size ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Systematic Study ◽

Encapsulation Efficiency ◽

Hydrophobic Drugs ◽

Argan Oil ◽

Polymer Solvent

The objective of this work is the preparation of nanocapsules which are intended for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We use Argan oil as vehicle of hydrophobic drugs such as indomethacin. Nanoprecipitation technique was used like a method for preparation of nanocapsules, where polycaprolactone, acetone, and Argan oil are used as polymer, solvent, and carrier, respectively. Primarily, investigation of Argan oil amount addition was performed; then systematic study to optimize the formulation was done. Nanocapsules containing indomethacin (loaded nanocapsules) and others without indomethacin (blank nanocapsules) were characterized by studying particles size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. It is shown that particle size ranged between 290 nm and 350 nm. The zeta potential values were negative (from −40 up to −50 mV) while encapsulation efficiency ranged between 65 and 75%.

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CURCUMIN LOADED LIPOSOME AND ITS BIO-ENHANCEMENT

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v9i4-a.3505 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4-A) ◽

pp. 425-437

Author(s):

Khushboo Verma ◽

Jhakeshwar Prasad ◽

Suman Saha ◽

Surabhi Sahu

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Particle Size ◽

Drug Release ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

High Performance ◽

Encapsulation Efficiency ◽

Mean Particle Size ◽

Liposome Formulation

The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate curcumin loaded liposome and its bio- enhancement. Curcumin was selected as a natural drug for liposome formulation. Curcumin show variety of biological activity but it also shows poor bioavailability due to low aqueous solubility (1 µg/ml), poor absorption and rapid metabolism so that piperine was selected as bio enhancer to improve curcumin bioavailability. Soy lecithin and cholesterol were used to prepared curcumin and curcumin-piperine loaded liposome at different ratio by thin film hydration method because of easy to perform, and high encapsulation rates of lipid. The all liposome formulations (F1-F5) were evaluated by mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and drug release. Bioavailability was also determined on rat. Blood samples were collected at specific intervals, and plasma was separated by ultracentrifugation. Plasma was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography at 425 nm taking acetonitrile: water (75:25 v/v) acidified with 2% acetic acid as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min using C18 column. The mean particle size was found in the range between 800-1100 that indicate liposome are large unilamellar vesical types. By zeta potential study its conform that the all formulation was stable. The encapsulation efficiency of all liposome formulation are varied between 59-67%. In vitro drug release was analyse in 7.4 pH phosphate buffer, the maximum %CDR observed at the 12 hrs., and formulation are follow sustained release thus they reduce metabolism, good absorption rate which improve bioavailability of drug. From in-vivo study, it is clear that curcumin-piperine liposomal formulation, increases Cmax, area under the curve, and mean residence time significantly as compared to pure curcumin and pure curcumin liposome. Keywords: liposome; Curcumin; Piperine, Thin film hydration method; Bioavailability

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Stability of nano-sized titanium dioxide in an aqueous environment: effects of pH, dissolved organic matter and divalent cations

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.165 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 276-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

X. N. Yang ◽

F. Y. Cui

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Dissolved Organic Matter ◽

Ph Value ◽

Divalent Cations ◽

Aqueous Environment ◽

Nano Tio2 ◽

The Stability

Nano-sized titanium dioxide in the aquatic environment has a potential impact on the environment and human health. In this study, the impact of pH value, dissolved organic matter (DOM) and divalent cations (Ca2+) on the stability of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) in an aqueous environment was investigated in batch tests. The results showed that the particle size of nano-TiO2 was not sensitive to pH value but was inversely proportional to zeta potential. The nano-TiO2 becomes more stable with surface zeta potential, accompanied by small particle size and high dispersion. In the presence of DOM, the particle size was smaller and the stability of nano-TiO2 could be enhanced. This might be a synergistic effect of the ligand exchange and electrostatic force. Particle size increased with the addition of Ca2+ and the stability decreased.

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The Influence of Groundwater on the Stability of Silica Colloids

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1193-437 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1193 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pirkko Holtta ◽

Mari Lahtinen ◽

Martti Hakanen ◽

Jukka Lehto ◽

Piia Juhola

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Colloidal Silica ◽

Silica Sol ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Silica Concentration ◽

Silica Colloids ◽

The Stability

AbstractNon-cementitious grouts have been tested in Olkiluoto for the sealing of fractures with the small hydraulic apertures. A promising non-cementitious inorganic grout material for sealing the fractures with the apertures less than 0.05 mm is commercial colloidal silica called silica sol. The potential relevance of colloid-mediated radionuclide transport is highly dependent on their stability in different geochemical environments. The objective of this work was to follow stability of silica sol colloids in low salinity Allard and saline OLSO reference groundwater (pH 7–11) and in deionized milliQ water. Stability of silica sol colloids was followed by measuring particle size distribution, zeta potential, colloidal and reactive silica concentrations. The particle size distributions were determined applying the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method and zeta potential based on dynamic electrophoretic mobility. The colloidal silica concentration was calculated from DLS measurements applying a calibration using a standard series of silica sol. Dissolved reactive silica concentration was determined using the molybdate blue (MoO4) method.These results confirmed that the stability of silica colloids dependent significantly on groundwater salinity. In deionized water, particle size distribution and zeta potential was rather stable except the most diluted solution. In low salinity Allard, particle size distribution was rather constant and the mean particle diameter remained less than 100 nm. High negative zeta potential values indicated the existence of stable silica colloids. In saline OLSO, particle size distribution was wide from a nanometer scale to thousands of nanometers. The disappearance of large particles, decrease in colloidal particle concentration and zeta potential near zero suggest flocculation or coagulation. Under prevailing saline groundwater conditions in Olkiluoto silica colloids released from silica sol are expected to be instable but the possible influence of low salinity glacial melt water has to be considered.

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Optimization of the NDV-N-2-HACC/CMC Microspheres Preparation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.804.85 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 804 ◽

pp. 85-88

Author(s):

Qian Chen ◽

Hong Kang ◽

Yang Zhang ◽

Hao Wu ◽

Chun Xiao Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Encapsulation Efficiency ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Factorization Method ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Orthogonal Factorization ◽

Main Factors ◽

Average Size

Purpose:in this study, the conditions of the preparation of NDV-N-2-HACC/CMC microspheres are optimized. Methods:Using entrapment efficiency, particle size, Zeta potential as the evaluating indicators, 3 main factors to influence the preparation for microspheres were optimized by orthogonal factorization method. Result:The optimal conditions were 1.0 mg/ml HACC, 1.2 mg/ml CMC, 1:3 (v/v) NDV/HACC, and 1200 r/min and 30 min for stirring. The range of particle size was 192.1-595.2 nm, and average size was 304.3 nm. Zeta potential was +32.50 mV; encapsulation efficiency (EE) was (98.96±2.1) %.Conclusion:the conditions of the preparation of NDV-N-2-HACC/CMC microspheres are optimized.

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