scholarly journals Morpho-Structural, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of PLA/PHB/Cellulose Biodegradable Nanocomposites Obtained by Compression Molding, Extrusion, and 3D Printing

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Nicoleta Frone ◽  
Dan Batalu ◽  
Ioana Chiulan ◽  
Madalina Oprea ◽  
Augusta Raluca Gabor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Compression Molding ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reactive Blending ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
The Impact

Biodegradable blends and nanocomposites were produced from polylactic acid (PLA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and cellulose nanocrystals (NC) by a single step reactive blending process using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a cross-linking agent. With the aim of gaining more insight into the impact of processing methods upon the morphological, thermal and mechanical properties of these nanocomposites, three different processing techniques were employed: compression molding, extrusion, and 3D printing. The addition of DCP improved interfacial adhesion and the dispersion of NC in nanocomposites as observed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The carbonyl index calculated from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed increased crystallinity after DCP addition in PLA/PHB and PLA/PHB/NC, also confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry analyses. NC and DCP showed nucleating activity and favored the crystallization of PLA, increasing its crystallinity from 16% in PLA/PHB to 38% in DCP crosslinked blend and to 43% in crosslinked PLA/PHB/NC nanocomposite. The addition of DCP also influenced the melting-recrystallization processes due to the generation of lower molecular weight products with increased mobility. The thermo-mechanical characterization of uncross-linked and cross-linked PLA/PHB blends and nanocomposites showed the influence of the processing technique. Higher storage modulus values were obtained for filaments obtained by extrusion and 3D printed meshes compared to compression molded films. Similarly, the thermogravimetric analysis showed an increase of the onset degradation temperature, even with more than 10 °C for PLA/PHB blends and nanocomposites after extrusion and 3D-printing, compared with compression molding. This study shows that PLA/PHB products with enhanced interfacial adhesion, improved thermal stability, and mechanical properties can be obtained by the right choice of the processing method and conditions using NC and DCP for balancing the properties.

scholarly journals Thermal and Mechanical Assessment of PLA-SEBS and PLA-SEBS-CNT Biopolymer Blends for 3D Printing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6218
Author(s):  
Balázs Ádám ◽  
Zoltán Weltsch
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Partial Fracture ◽  
The Impact

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most promising biopolymers often used as a raw material in 3D printing in many industrial areas. It has good mechanical properties, is characterized by high strength and stiffness, but unfortunately, it has some disadvantages; one is brittleness, and the other is slow crystallization. Amounts of 1–5% SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) thermoplastic elastomer were blended into the PLA and the thermal and mechanical properties were investigated. DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) measurements on the filaments have shown that SEBS increases the initial temperature of crystallization, thereby acting as a nucleating agent. The cooling rate of 3D printing, on the other hand, is too fast for PLA, so printed specimens behave almost amorphously. The presence of SEBS increases the impact strength, neck formation appears during the tensile test, and in the bending test, the mixture either suffers partial fracture or only bends without fracture. Samples containing 1% SEBS were selected for further analysis, mixed with 0.06 and 0.1% carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and tested for thermal and mechanical properties. As a result of CNTs, another peak appeared on the DSC curve in addition to the original single-peak crystallization, and the specimens previously completely broken in the mechanical tests suffered partial fractures, and the partially fractured pieces almost completely regained their original shape at the end of the test.

scholarly journals The research of the thermal and mechanical properties of materials produced by 3D printing method

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (Suppl. 4) ◽  
pp. 1211-1216
Author(s):  
Adam Gnatowski ◽  
Agnieszka Kijo-Kleczkowska ◽  
Henryk Otwinowski ◽  
Piotr Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

A comparative analysis of thermal properties of semi-crystalline and amorphous polymeric materials was carried out. Samples were produced using 3D printing technology on the SIGNAL-ATMAT printer. The following polymeric materials were used to make the samples: thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, acryloni-trile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, Laywood, ethylene terephthalate, poly (lactic acid). The materials were tested for their thermal and mechanical properties. The research included the analysis of thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry of manufactured materials. The tensile strength also was determined.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effects of Titanate as Coupling Agent and Some Inorganic Nanoparticles as Fillers on Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Soft PVC

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Hajian ◽  
Gholam Ali Koohmareh ◽  
Afsaneh Mostaghasi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Nanoscale Particles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The effects of titanate as a coupling agent and some particulate nanoscale particles such as TiO2, CaCO3, and ZnO on thermal and mechanical properties of emulsion polyvinylchloride (E-PVC) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical tests. In this research, it was found that, in the presence of nanoparticles of CaCO3, TiO2, and ZnO, the peak temperature of dehydrochlorination of E-PVC was shifted to higher temperatures, and the rate of mass loss was decreased. Also results of differential scanning calorimetry showed that the addition of nanoparticle of CaCO3, TiO2, and ZnO led to an increase in glass transition temperature. The impact strength, elastic modulus and toughness of the samples were enhanced after addition of 0–10 part of filer in hundred parts of resin (phr) nano-CaCO3, nano-TiO2, and nano-ZnO due to improvement of compatibility of the polymer and the nano-particles. Also UV and thermal stability of the samples were enhanced by means of the nanoparticles. It was found that, in the presence of titanate as coupling agent, content of additives that could be used in the composite of PVC shifts to higher amounts.

Effect of toughened polyamide-coated carbon fiber fabric on the mechanical performance and fracture toughness of CFRP

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832199945
Author(s):  
Jong H Eun ◽  
Bo K Choi ◽  
Sun M Sung ◽  
Min S Kim ◽  
Joon S Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Internal Damage ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
The Impact

In this study, carbon/epoxy composites were manufactured by coating with a polyamide at different weight percentages (5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 20 wt.%) to improve their impact resistance and fracture toughness. The chemical reaction between the polyamide and epoxy resin were examined by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mechanical properties and fracture toughness of the carbon/epoxy composites were analyzed. The mechanical properties of the carbon/epoxy composites, such as transverse flexural tests, longitudinal flexural tests, and impact tests, were investigated. After the impact tests, an ultrasonic C-scan was performed to reveal the internal damage area. The interlaminar fracture toughness of the carbon/epoxy composites was measured using a mode I test. The critical energy release rates were increased by 77% compared to the virgin carbon/epoxy composites. The surface morphology of the fractured surface was observed. The toughening mechanism of the carbon/epoxy composites was suggested based on the confirmed experimental data.

scholarly journals Mechanical, Thermal and Rheological Properties of Polyethylene-Based Composites Filled with Micrometric Aluminum Powder

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Olga Mysiukiewicz ◽  
Paulina Kosmela ◽  
Mateusz Barczewski ◽  
Aleksander Hejna
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Metal Composites ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Investigations related to polymer/metal composites are often limited to the analysis of the electrical and thermal conductivity of the materials. The presented study aims to analyze the impact of aluminum (Al) filler content (from 1 to 20 wt%) on the rarely investigated properties of composites based on the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix. The crystalline structure, rheological (melt flow index and oscillatory rheometry), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry), as well as static (tensile tests, hardness, rebound resilience) and dynamic (dynamical mechanical analysis) mechanical properties of composites were investigated. The incorporation of 1 and 2 wt% of aluminum filler resulted in small enhancements of mechanical properties, while loadings of 5 and 10 wt% provided materials with a similar performance to neat HDPE. Such results were supported by the lack of disturbances in the rheological behavior of composites. The presented results indicate that a significant content of aluminum filler may be introduced into the HDPE matrix without additional pre-treatment and does not cause the deterioration of composites’ performance, which should be considered beneficial when engineering PE/metal composites.

scholarly journals Biocomposites of Bio-Polyethylene Reinforced with a Hydrothermal-Alkaline Sugarcane Bagasse Pulp and Coupled with a Bio-Based Compatibilizer

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2158
Author(s):  
Nanci Vanesa Ehman ◽  
Diana Ita-Nagy ◽  
Fernando Esteban Felissia ◽  
María Evangelina Vallejos ◽  
Isabel Quispe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Cradle To Gate ◽  
Bagasse Pulp

Bio-polyethylene (BioPE, derived from sugarcane), sugarcane bagasse pulp, and two compatibilizers (fossil and bio-based), were used to manufacture biocomposite filaments for 3D printing. Biocomposite filaments were manufactured and characterized in detail, including measurement of water absorption, mechanical properties, thermal stability and decomposition temperature (thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA)). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed to measure the glass transition temperature (Tg). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to assess the fracture area of the filaments after mechanical testing. Increases of up to 10% in water absorption were measured for the samples with 40 wt% fibers and the fossil compatibilizer. The mechanical properties were improved by increasing the fraction of bagasse fibers from 0% to 20% and 40%. The suitability of the biocomposite filaments was tested for 3D printing, and some shapes were printed as demonstrators. Importantly, in a cradle-to-gate life cycle analysis of the biocomposites, we demonstrated that replacing fossil compatibilizer with a bio-based compatibilizer contributes to a reduction in CO2-eq emissions, and an increase in CO2 capture, achieving a CO2-eq storage of 2.12 kg CO2 eq/kg for the biocomposite containing 40% bagasse fibers and 6% bio-based compatibilizer.

Phase Morphology, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Compatibilized Nylon12/Natural Rubber Blends Using PS/MNR

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Saravalee Saengthaveep ◽  
Sadhan C. Jana ◽  
Rathanawan Magaraphan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Rubber Particle ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Phase Morphology ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Binary Blend ◽  
Polyamide 12 ◽  
The Impact

To produce a tough material for application demanding high impact resistance and low moisture absorption, melt blending of Nylon12 (Polyamide 12, PA12) and natural rubber (NR) was carried out in a brabender plasticorder at 210 °C with rotor speed of 70 rpm in the presence of polystyrene/maleated natural rubber (PS/MNR) blend as a compatibilizer. The effect of compatibilizer content (1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 phr) on phase morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of [Nylon12/NR]/[PS/MNR] blends was investigated by using SEM, DSC, and Izod impact tester, respectively. The result revealed that PS/MNR blend improved the compatibility of Nylon12/NR blends efficiently due to the presence of amide linkage at the interfaces from the reaction between the reactive groups of MNR and the NH2 end groups of Nylon12 during mixing. A fine phase morphology (good dispersion and small dispersed phase size of NR domains in Nylon12 matrix) of [Nylon12/NR]/[PS/MNR] blends was observed at the optimum compatibilizer content of 7 phr, relating to the improvement of mechanical property. The impact energy of [Nylon12/NR]/[PS/MNR] blends was 503 J/m higher than that of neat Nylon12 (115 J/m) and Nylon12/NR binary blend (241 J/m) due to the toughening effect of rubber and proper morphology. The melting temperature of all blends did not change obviously from thermal analysis. However, the presence of rubber particle obstructed the crystallization of Nylon12 phase, leading to the decreasing of %crystallinity from 93% to around 70%.

Effect of Filler Compositions on the Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Filled Polyester Composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 90-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Noor Leha ◽  
Nor Amalina Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Compression Molding ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Bamboo Powder ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
The Impact

Biocomposite from bamboo powder was fabricated by compression molding technique. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of bamboo compounded with epoxy with different ratio. Tensile and flexural tests were done to characterize its mechanical properties. It was observed that the strength of bamboo-polyester was increased with increasing amount of bamboo powder. The tensile and flexural strength shows the highest value at 25 wt.% bamboo. However, the impact test shows the maximum value at 20 wt.% bamboo powder. These results exhibit the bamboo-polyester can be a good candidate to be used in many engineering applications

scholarly journals Characteristics and mechanical properties changes due to incorporation of aloe vera in polyethylene-based film

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Siti Fatma Abd Karim ◽  
Junaidah Binti Jai ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid ◽  
Abdul Wafi Abdul Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Non-degradable properties of polyethylene (PE) films due to long-chain structure cause increment of solid waste plastic. Many researchers, with different purposes, have studied the incorporation of functional materials to PE. Studying the impact of incorporation of aloe vera (AV) into PE films in terms of its characteristic and mechanical properties is the main objective of this paper. The films were prepared using melt-blending and hot press technique. The characterization assessed for the PE and PE-AV films were spectroscopy, crystalline phase, thermal analysis and performance of mechanical properties of the sample.  The functional group detected in spectroscopy studied did not show any changes for PE film or PE with the presence of AV. Lower thermal degradation temperature (Td) obtained for PE-AV3 while others film found no significant changes of Td value and only one peak of thermal degradation occurred for all film. The same goes to the analysis obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data. However, the crystalline structure displayed momentous peak changes for PE with AV. The highest tensile strength (TS) obtained by PE-AV3, at once developing highest value of Young’s modulus (YM), modulus of resilience (UE) and modulus of toughness (UT). A certain amount of AV has substantial effect on changing the polymeric structure especially improving the mechanical properties of PE film. Therefore, AV has potential to become an additive for developing a new partially degradable PE film.

scholarly journals A method for pet mechanical properties enhancement

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1725
Author(s):  
Raffaella Aversa ◽  
Relly Victoria Virgil Petrescu ◽  
Antonio Apicella ◽  
Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Reactive Blending ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Shear Transfer ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Reactive Compatibilizer

A method for PET mechanical properties enhancement by reactive blending with HBA/HNA Liquid Crystalline Polymers for in situ highly fibrillar composites preparation is presented. LCP/PET blends were reactively extruded in presence of Pyromellitic Di-Anhydride (PMDA) and then characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Thermally Stimulated Currents and tensile mechanical properties. Moderate amounts of LCP in the PET (0.5 and 5%) and small amounts of thermo-active and reactive compatibilizer in the blend (0.3%) were found to significantly improve LCP melt dispersion, melts shear transfer and LCP fibril formation and adhesion. An unexpected improvement was probably due to the presence of two distinct phases’ supra-molecular structures involving PET-LCP and PMDA.

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