High Nanodiamond Content-PCL Composite for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

Multifunctional scaffolds are becoming increasingly important in the field of tissue engineering. In this research, a composite material is developed using polycaprolactone (PCL) and detonation nanodiamond (ND) to take advantage of the unique properties of ND and the biodegradability of PCL polymer. Different ND loading concentrations are investigated, and the physicochemical properties of the composites are characterized. ND-PCL composite films show a higher surface roughness and hydrophilicity than PCL alone, with a slight decrease in tensile strength and a significant increase in degradation. Higher loading of ND also shows a higher osteoblast adhesion than the PCL alone sample. Finally, we show that the ND-PCL composites are successfully extruded to create a 3D scaffold demonstrating their potential as a composite material for tissue regeneration.

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Helical Rosette Nanotubes as a Potentially More Effective Orthopaedic Implant Material

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-845-aa1.3 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 845 ◽

Author(s):

Ai Lin Chun ◽

Hicham Fenniri ◽

Thomas J. Webster

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Bone Cells ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Orthopaedic Implant ◽

Rosette Nanotubes ◽

Osteoblast Adhesion ◽

Organic Nanotubes ◽

First Time

ABSTRACTOrganic nanotubes called helical rosette nanotubes (HRN) have been synthesized in this study for bone tissue engineering applications. They possess intriguing properties for various bionanotechnology applications since they can be designed to mimic the nanostructured constituent components in bone such as collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) which bone cells are naturally accustomed to interacting with. This is in contrast to currently used orthopaedic materials such as titanium which do not possess desirable nanometer surface roughness. The objective of this in vitro study was to determine bone-forming cell (osteoblasts) interactions on titanium coated with HRNs. Results of this study showed for the first time increased osteoblast adhesion on titanium coated with HRNs compared to those not coated with HRNs. In this manner, this study provided evidence that HRNs should be further considered for orthopaedic applications.

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FUNCTION AND SAFETY EVALUATION OF 3D TECHNOLOGY TO PREPARE BONE REPAIR BIOMATERIALS

XXVI International Scientific and Practical Conference International Trends in Science and Technology ◽

10.31435/rsglobal_conf/28022021/7433 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Huseyn Elcin

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Composite Material ◽

3D Printing ◽

Biological Evaluation ◽

The Body ◽

3D Scaffold ◽

Printing Technology ◽

3D Printing Technology ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation

PLGA/HA composite biomaterials are prepared, and 3D printing technology is used to make bone scaffolds that can be implanted in the body. Its performance is tested by in vitro physical and biological methods, and its safety is evaluated by animal experiments. Methods: 3D printing technology was used to print the PLGA/HA composite three-dimensional stent biomaterial, and the tensile strength and bending strength of the stent material were tested with reference to GB/T1040 and GB/T9341 to verify its ability to support the proliferation and differentiation of hMSC. The biological evaluation standard (GB/T16886) evaluates the biocompatibility and biosafety of scaffoldmaterials in vitro and in vivo. Results: The porous 3D scaffold made of PLGA/HA composite material was successfully fabricated; the mechanical tensile strength and flexuralstrength of the composite material were 38 MPa and 42 MPa respectively, which were5.35 times and 5.25 times that of normal human cartilage; in vitro cell test It is proved that the 3D scaffold can support the proliferation and differentiation of hMSC into chondrocytes. The results of the biosafety test show that the scaffold meets the national medical device biological evaluation standards.

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Regulated Surface Morphology of Polyaniline/Polylactic Acid Composite Nanofibers via Various Inorganic Acids Doping for Enhancing Biocompatibility in Tissue Engineering

Nanoscale Research Letters ◽

10.1186/s11671-020-03457-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rongtao Liu ◽

Shiyang Zhang ◽

Chen Zhao ◽

Dong Yang ◽

Tingting Cui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Surface Morphology ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Composite Nanofibers ◽

Oxidative Polymerization ◽

Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽

Promote Cell Proliferation ◽

Inorganic Acids

AbstractConductive and degradable nanofibrous scaffolds have great potential in promoting cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation under an external electric field. Although the issue of inferior electrical conductivity in body fluids still exists, polyaniline (PANI)-based degradable nanofibers can promote cell adhesion, growth, and proliferation. To investigate whether the effect is caused by the PANI morphology, we selected three inorganic acids as dopants in the process of PANI in situ oxidative polymerization: hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and perchloric acid. The obtained polyaniline/polylactic acid (PANI/PLA) composite nanofibers were characterized via SEM, FTIR, and XPS analysis, and we confirmed that the PLA nanofibers were successfully coated by PANI without any change to the porous structure of the PLA nanofibers. The in vitro mechanical properties and degradability indicated that the oxidation of acid dopants should be considered and that it was likely to have a higher oxidation degradation effect on PLA nanofibers. The contact angle test demonstrated that PANI/PLA composite nanofibers with different surface morphologies have good wettability, implying that they meet the requirements of bone tissue engineering scaffolds. The surface roughness and cell viability demonstrated that different PANI morphologies on the surface can promote cell proliferation. The higher the surface roughness of the PANI, the better the biocompatibility. Consequently, the regulated surface morphology of PANI/PLA composite nanofibers via different acids doping has positive effect on biocompatibility in tissue engineering.

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Use of l-pNIPAM hydrogel as a 3D-scaffold for intestinal crypts and stem cell tissue engineering

Biomaterials Science ◽

10.1039/c9bm00541b ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 4310-4324 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rasha H. Dosh ◽

Nicola Jordan-Mahy ◽

Christopher Sammon ◽

Christine L. Le Maitre

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Intestinal Stem Cells ◽

3D Scaffold ◽

Cell Tissue

Intestinal stem cells hold great potential in tissue regeneration of the intestine, however, there are key limitations in their culture in vitro.

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Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Design, Fabrication, Surface Modification and Sustained Release of Growth Factor

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2011.470 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1301 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Min Wang ◽

Bin Duan

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Tissue Repair ◽

Nanocomposite Material ◽

Human Bone ◽

Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽

Form Complex ◽

Nanocomposite Scaffolds

ABSTRACTFrom the material point of view, the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone is a natural nanocomposite consisting of an organic matrix (mainly collagen) and inorganic nanofillers (bone apatite) which are inserted in a parallel way into the collagen fibrils. For human bone tissue repair or regeneration, nanocomposites consisting of a biodegradable polymer matrix and nano-sized fillers such as bioactive ceramics or glasses, which mimic the hierarchical structure of bone, are considered a promising strategy. Combining living cells with biodegradable materials and/or bioactive component(s), the concept of tissue engineering first elucidated in the early 1990s represented a paradigm shift from tissue grafting, with autografts being the gold standard, or even completely from prosthesis implantation. In scaffold-based tissue engineering, scaffolds play an important role for tissue regeneration. Currently, acellular scaffolds with or without biomolecules such as growth factors are considered as an effective strategy for certain tissue repair due to their relatively low costs and easier process to gain surgeons’ acceptance and regulatory approval. In the current study, integrating an advanced manufacturing technique, nanocomposite material and controlled delivery of growth factor to form multifunctional tissue engineering scaffolds was investigated. Three-dimensional, osteoconductive and totally biodegradable calcium phosphate (Ca-P)/poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanocomposite scaffolds with customized architecture, controlled porosity and interconnecting pores were designed and fabricated using selective laser sintering (SLS). The surface of nanocomposite scaffolds was modified with gelatin and then heparin, which facilitated the incorporation of a growth factor, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of this strategy in guiding the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Together with osteoconductive nanocomposite material and controlled growth factor delivery, the use of SLS technique to form complex scaffolds provides a promising route towards individualized bone tissue regeneration.

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3D Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Scaffolds: From Preparations and Properties to Tissue Regeneration Applications

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2021/8790143 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Shanshan Han ◽

Kexin Nie ◽

Jingchao Li ◽

Qingqing Sun ◽

Xiaofeng Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Electrospun Nanofibers ◽

Porous Matrix ◽

Electrospun Nanofiber ◽

Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽

3D Scaffolds

Electrospun nanofibers have been frequently used for tissue engineering due to their morphological similarities with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and tunable chemical and physical properties for regulating cell behaviors and functions. However, most of the existing electrospun nanofibers have a closely packed two-dimensional (2D) membrane with the intrinsic shortcomings of limited cellular infiltration, restricted nutrition diffusion, and unsatisfied thickness. Three-dimensional (3D) electrospun nanofiber-based scaffolds can provide stem cells with 3D microenvironments and biomimetic fibrous structures. Thus, they have been demonstrated to be good candidates for in vivo repair of different tissues. This review summarizes the recent developments in 3D electrospun nanofiber-based scaffolds (ENF-S) for tissue engineering. Three types of 3D ENF-S fabricated using different approaches classified into electrospun nanofiber 3D scaffolds, electrospun nanofiber/hydrogel composite 3D scaffolds, and electrospun nanofiber/porous matrix composite 3D scaffolds are discussed. New functions for these 3D ENF-S and properties, such as facilitated cell infiltration, 3D fibrous architecture, enhanced mechanical properties, and tunable degradability, meeting the requirements of tissue engineering scaffolds were discovered. The applications of 3D ENF-S in cartilage, bone, tendon, ligament, skeletal muscle, nerve, and cardiac tissue regeneration are then presented with a discussion of current challenges and future directions. Finally, we give summaries and future perspectives of 3D ENF-S in tissue engineering and clinical transformation.

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Surface Roughness Values Closer to Bone for Titania Nanoparticle/Poly-lactic-co-glycolic Acid (PLGA) Composites Increases Bone Cell Adhesion

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-873-k13.1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 873 ◽

Author(s):

Huinan Liu ◽

Elliott B. Slamovich ◽

Thomas J. Webster

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Cell Adhesion ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Glycolic Acid ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Bone Cell ◽

Osteoblast Adhesion

AbstractBone substitutes are often required to replace damaged tissue due to injuries, diseases and genetic malformations. Traditional bone substitutes, such as autografts, allografts, xenografts and metal implants, are far from ideal as each have their own specific problems and limitations. Bone tissue engineering offers a promising opportunity for bone regeneration in a natural way. However, currently the scientific challenges of bone tissue engineering lie in the development of suitable scaffold materials that can improve bone cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. The design of nanophase titania/polymer composites offers an exciting approach to combine the advantages of a degradable polymer with nano-size ceramic grains that optimize biological properties for bone regeneration. Importantly, nanophase titania mimics the size scale of constituent components of bone since bone itself is a nanostructured composite composed of nanometer hydroxyapatite crystals well-dispersed in a mostly collagen matrix. Previous studies have shown significant improvement in protein adsorption, osteoblast (bone-forming cell) adhesion and long-term functions on nano-grain ceramic materials compared to traditional micron-grain ceramic materials. This study used nanometer grain size titania dispersed in a model polymer (PLGA or poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid) matrix by using various sonication powers to increase osteoblast adhesion. The surface characteristics of the composites, such as topography, titania surface area coverage and surface roughness, were studied by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Of all the composites formulated in this study, osteoblast adhesion was the greatest on nanophase titania/PLGA (30/70 wt.%) sonicated at 118.75 for 10 minutes; this composite was the closest in terms of nanometer surface roughness compared to bone of all the composites formulated. In this manner, this study suggests that nanophase titania sonicated in PLGA under these conditions should be further studied for orthopedic applications.

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Effect of Hydroxyapatite on Biodegradable Scaffolds Fabricated by SLS

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.396-398.659 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 396-398 ◽

pp. 659-662 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Szilvia Eosoly ◽

Stefan Lohfeld ◽

Dermot Brabazon

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Selective Laser Sintering ◽

Base Material ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Surface Topology ◽

Compressive Properties ◽

Yield Strain ◽

Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽

Biodegradable Scaffolds

Selective laser sintering (SLS) has the potential to fabricate bioresorbable polymer / ceramic composite scaffolds with pre-designed external and internal architecture that can be used for bone tissue engineering applications. Scaffolds were fabricated using poly-ε-caprolactone as the base material. The effect of 15 and 30 wt% of hydroxyapatite (HA) addition was investigated in terms of compressive properties, accuracy, surface topology, and wettability. Fabricated dimensions of PCL microstructures showed great deviations from their nominal values. Average surface roughness was found to be Ra=25±4 µm. Increased HA content had no statistically significant effect on accuracy and surface roughness. However the addition of HA had a significant influence on compressive properties, hydrophobicity and wettability of the samples. Addition of 30 wt% HA improved initial compressive modulus of pure PCL scaffolds from 1.31±0.08 MPa to 1.58±0.18 MPa. Yield strength values increased from 0.14±0.07 MPa to 0.17±0.01 MPa by adding 15 wt% of HA, but decreased with further HA addition. Yield strain for all compositions was over ε=0.06. Increased HA content decreased hydrophobicity and increased wettability of scaffold surfaces. The study demonstrated the ability of SLS to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds, and the positive effect of HA particle reinforcement in terms of compressive mechanical properties and surface characteristics

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Aligned 3D porous polyurethane scaffolds for biological anisotropic tissue regeneration

Regenerative Biomaterials ◽

10.1093/rb/rbz031 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Weiwei Lin ◽

Wanling Lan ◽

Yingke Wu ◽

Daiguo Zhao ◽

Yanchao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Vertical Direction ◽

Waterborne Polyurethane ◽

3D Scaffold ◽

Pure Material ◽

Muscle Nerve

Abstract A green fabrication process (organic solvent-free) of artificial scaffolds is required in tissue engineering field. In this work, a series of aligned three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds are made from biodegradable waterborne polyurethane (PU) emulsion via directional freeze–drying method to ensure no organic byproducts. After optimizing the concentration of polymer in the emulsion and investigating different freezing temperatures, an aligned PUs scaffold (PU14) generated from 14 wt% polymer content and processed at −196°C was selected based on the desired oriented porous structure (pore size of 32.5 ± 9.3 μm, porosity of 92%) and balanced mechanical properties both in the horizontal direction (strength of 41.3 kPa, modulus of 72.3 kPa) and in the vertical direction (strength of 45.5 kPa, modulus of 139.3 kPa). The response of L929 cells and the regeneration of muscle tissue demonstrated that such pure material-based aligned 3D scaffold can facilitate the development of orientated cells and anisotropic tissue regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, these pure material-based scaffolds with ordered architecture have great potentials in tissue engineering for biological anisotropic tissue regeneration, such as muscle, nerve, spinal cord and so on.

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