scholarly journals Melanin and Melanin-Like Hybrid Materials in Regenerative Medicine

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1518
Author(s):  
Chiara Cavallini ◽  
Giuseppe Vitiello ◽  
Barbara Adinolfi ◽  
Brigida Silvestri ◽  
Paolo Armanetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Paramagnetic Behavior ◽  
Eye Pigmentation ◽  
Main Determinants

Melanins are a group of dark insoluble pigments found widespread in nature. In mammals, the brown-black eumelanins and the reddish-yellow pheomelanins are the main determinants of skin, hair, and eye pigmentation and play a significant role in photoprotection as well as in many biological functions ensuring homeostasis. Due to their broad-spectrum light absorption, radical scavenging, electric conductivity, and paramagnetic behavior, eumelanins are widely studied in the biomedical field. The continuing advancements in the development of biomimetic design strategies offer novel opportunities toward specifically engineered multifunctional biomaterials for regenerative medicine. Melanin and melanin-like coatings have been shown to increase cell attachment and proliferation on different substrates and to promote and ameliorate skin, bone, and nerve defect healing in several in vivo models. Herein, the state of the art and future perspectives of melanins as promising bioinspired platforms for natural regeneration processes are highlighted and discussed.

scholarly journals Natural Architectures for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Floris Honig ◽  
Steven Vermeulen ◽  
Amir A. Zadpoor ◽  
Jan de Boer ◽  
Lidy E. Fratila-Apachitei
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Biomaterials

The ability to control the interactions between functional biomaterials and biological systems is of great importance for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the underlying mechanisms defining the interplay between biomaterial properties and the human body are complex. Therefore, a key challenge is to design biomaterials that mimic the in vivo microenvironment. Over millions of years, nature has produced a wide variety of biological materials optimised for distinct functions, ranging from the extracellular matrix (ECM) for structural and biochemical support of cells to the holy lotus with special wettability for self-cleaning effects. Many of these systems found in biology possess unique surface properties recognised to regulate cell behaviour. Integration of such natural surface properties in biomaterials can bring about novel cell responses in vitro and provide greater insights into the processes occurring at the cell-biomaterial interface. Using natural surfaces as templates for bioinspired design can stimulate progress in the field of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and biomaterials science. This literature review aims to combine the state-of-the-art knowledge in natural and nature-inspired surfaces, with an emphasis on material properties known to affect cell behaviour.

scholarly journals Implantable Sensors for Regenerative Medicine

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett S. Klosterhoff ◽  
Melissa Tsang ◽  
Didi She ◽  
Keat Ghee Ong ◽  
Mark G. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Implantable Sensors ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Sensor Platforms ◽  
Longitudinal Measurements

The translation of many tissue engineering/regenerative medicine (TE/RM) therapies that demonstrate promise in vitro are delayed or abandoned due to reduced and inconsistent efficacy when implemented in more complex and clinically relevant preclinical in vivo models. Determining mechanistic reasons for impaired treatment efficacy is challenging after a regenerative therapy is implanted due to technical limitations in longitudinally measuring the progression of key environmental cues in vivo. The ability to acquire real-time measurements of environmental parameters of interest including strain, pressure, pH, temperature, oxygen tension, and specific biomarkers within the regenerative niche in situ would significantly enhance the information available to tissue engineers to monitor and evaluate mechanisms of functional healing or lack thereof. Continued advancements in material and fabrication technologies utilized by microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs) and the unique physical characteristics of passive magnetoelastic sensor platforms have created an opportunity to implant small, flexible, low-power sensors into preclinical in vivo models, and quantitatively measure environmental cues throughout healing. In this perspective article, we discuss the need for longitudinal measurements in TE/RM research, technical progress in MEMS and magnetoelastic approaches to implantable sensors, the potential application of implantable sensors to benefit preclinical TE/RM research, and the future directions of collaborative efforts at the intersection of these two important fields.

scholarly journals Evaluation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties of the Aqueous Extract from the Stem Bark of Stryphnodendron adstringens

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Baldivia ◽  
Daniel Leite ◽  
David Castro ◽  
Jaqueline Campos ◽  
Uilson Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Anticancer Effects

Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (Fabaceae) is a tree species native to the Brazilian Cerrado commonly known as barbatimão. In traditional medicine, decoctions or infusions of the stem bark of this plant are used in the treatment of several diseases. The objective of this study was to analyze the chemical composition of Stryphnodendron adstringens aqueous extracts (SAAE) prepared from the stem bark to assess their antioxidant activity and anticancer effects as well as characterize cell death mechanisms against murine B16F10Nex-2 melanoma cells. From the SAAE, gallic acid, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, dimeric and trimeric proanthocyanidins mainly composed of prodelphinidin units and the isomeric chromones C-hexosyl- and O-pentosyl-5,7-dihydroxychromone were identified. The SAAE showed antioxidant activity through direct free-radical scavenging as well as through oxidative hemolysis and lipid peroxidation inhibition in human erythrocytes. Furthermore, SAAE promoted apoptosis-induced cell death in melanoma cells by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, inducing mitochondrial membrane potential dysfunction and activating caspase-3. Together, these data show the antioxidant and anticancer effects of Stryphnodendron adstringens. These results open new perspectives for studies against other tumor cell lines and in vivo models as well as for the identification and isolation of the chemical constituents responsible for these effects.

scholarly journals Evaluation of in vivo and in vitro Biological Activities of Different Extracts of Cuscuta arvensis

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufuk Koca ◽  
Esra Küpeli-Akkol ◽  
Nazim Sekeroglu
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Polar Extracts

In the present study, the potential effects of extracts from the whole plant of Cuscuta arvensis were studied in mice using the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model for anti-inflammatory activity and the p-benzoquinone-induced writhing reflex for the assessment of antinociceptive activity. In order to obtain the extracts, the whole plant of C. arvensis was extracted with different solvents such as n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The methanolic and water extracts inhibited the carrageenan-induced paw edema and p-benzoquinone-induced writhing reflex, whereas the other extracts showed only mild inhibitory antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in these in vivo models. Additionally, the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts had higher scavenging ability then the non polar extracts.

Glycolytic Inhibition and Antidiabetic Activity on Synthesized Flavanone Scaffolds with Computer Aided Drug Designing Tools

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natarajan Kiruthiga ◽  
Govindaraj Saravanan ◽  
Chellappa Selvinthanuja ◽  
Kulandaivel Srinivasan ◽  
Thangavel Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Ic50 Values

Background:: Diabetes mellitus is a challengeable metabolic disorder that leads to a group of complications when HbA1c level not maintained. Most of the existing drugs available in the market in long-term use may lead to serious adverse effects. Hence, current research focuses on drug development for the management of diabetes by synthesizing natural mimicking flavonoid analogues. Objective:: This study focused on the synthesis of flavanone derivatives imitating natural flavonoid core and investigated for their antidiabetic and antioxidant activity, which can help in the development of drug discovery targeting diabetic management. Methods:: The novel 2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-chromen-4-ones were synthesized from 1,3-diphenyl-prop-2-en-1-one derivatives and characterized using UV, IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. Drug target site was determined using graph theoretical analysis and screened the characterized title compounds for their in-silico studies by analyzing their physiochemical properties, ADMET studies, and molecular docking analysis. Antidiabetic and free radical scavenging effects were investigated both by in-vitro (alpha-amylase inhibitory assay) and in-vivo models. Streptozotocin (STZ) induced rats were used as in-vivo models. Results and Discussion:: The α-amylase inhibitory assay showed flavanones with hydroxyl substitution HFA1-HFA7 had significant IC50 values. The test compounds (HFA3-HFA7) were investigated for their antidiabetic activity on STZ induced rats at 40 mg/kg. The blood glucose level and antioxidant enzymes were significantly restored by title compounds (HFA5, HFA4, and HFA6) with an electron-donating group such as hydroxyl, methoxy and thiophenyl group on ring B compared to glibenclamide. Conclusion:: These results suggest that naturally mimicking synthesized flavanone have antidiabetic and antioxidant properties, which can aid in the development of drug towards diabetes management.

Melatonin modifies tumor hypoxia and metabolism by inhibiting HIF-1α and energy metabolic pathway in the in vitro and in vivo models of breast cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
André De Lima Mota ◽  
Bruna Vitorasso Jardim-Perassi ◽  
Tialfi Bergamin De Castro ◽  
Jucimara Colombo ◽  
Nathália Martins Sonehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Ca Ix ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and has a high mortality rate. Adverse conditions in the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia and acidosis, may exert selective pressure on the tumor, selecting subpopulations of tumor cells with advantages for survival in this environment. In this context, therapeutic agents that can modify these conditions, and consequently the intratumoral heterogeneity need to be explored. Melatonin, in addition to its physiological effects, exhibits important anti-tumor actions which may associate with modification of hypoxia and Warburg effect. In this study, we have evaluated the action of melatonin on tumor growth and tumor metabolism by different markers of hypoxia and glucose metabolism (HIF-1α, glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 and carbonic anhydrases CA-IX and CA-XII) in triple negative breast cancer model. In an in vitro study, gene and protein expressions of these markers were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry, respectively. The effects of melatonin were also tested in a MDA-MB-231 xenograft animal model. Results showed that melatonin treatment reduced the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells and tumor growth in Balb/c nude mice (p <0.05). The treatment significantly decreased HIF-1α gene and protein expression concomitantly with the expression of GLUT1, GLUT3, CA-IX and CA-XII (p <0.05). These results strongly suggest that melatonin down-regulates HIF-1α expression and regulates glucose metabolism in breast tumor cells, therefore, controlling hypoxia and tumor progression. 

Hepato- and Nephroprotective Effects of the Polyphenol Concentrate From Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Varieties Cultivated in Kazakhstan in the Experimental Model Of CCL4-Induced Toxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurgozhin T. ◽  
Sergazy S. H. ◽  
Adilgozhina G. ◽  
Gulyayev A. ◽  
Shulgau Z. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Antioxidant Stress

Objective:This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect and the antioxidant role of polyphenol concentrate in the experimental model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity. Methods: Antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon grape polyphenol were evaluated by radical scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS.+). In addition, the effects of polyphenol concentrate on the survival of Wistar rats in the toxicity model, was also investigated. The polyphenol concentrate was administered for 5 five days prior to injection of carbon tetrachloride in a sub-lethal dose of 300 mg/kg of animal body weight in order to perform histological examinations of the liver and kidney, and detect the levels of AST, ALT and bilirubin. Results: Administration of polyphenol concentrate increased animal survival in the experimental model. Moreover, the intragastric administration of polyphenol concentrate prior to the initiation of the experimental model of toxicity, which was caused by a sub-lethal CCl4 dose, reduced morphological injuries in the liver and kidney, decreased the AST and ALT levels of the blood serum. Discussion and conclusion: Our data demonstrate that polyphenol concentrate possesses an antioxidant potential both in vitro and in vivo by reducing antioxidant stress that was caused by CCl4 administration into rats.

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