scholarly journals Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Nanocomposites

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1336
Author(s):  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Vincent Terrasson ◽  
Erwann Guénin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Promising Alternative

Lignin nanomaterials have emerged as a promising alternative to fossil-based chemicals and products for some potential added-value applications, which benefits from their structural diversity and biodegradability. This review elucidates a perspective in recent research on nanolignins and their nanocomposites. It summarizes the different nanolignin preparation methods, emphasizing anti-solvent precipitation, self-assembly and interfacial crosslinking. Also described are the preparation of various nanocomposites by the chemical modification of nanolignin and compounds with inorganic materials or polymers. Additionally, advances in numerous potential high-value applications, such as use in food packaging, biomedical, chemical engineering and biorefineries, are described.

scholarly journals Progress in Starch-Based Materials for Food Packaging Applications

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-177
Author(s):  
Lucia García-Guzmán ◽  
Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas ◽  
Cintya G. Soria-Hernández ◽  
Johanna Castaño ◽  
Andrea Y. Guadarrama-Lezama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Processing Techniques

The food packaging sector generates large volumes of plastic waste due to the high demand for packaged products with a short shelf-life. Biopolymers such as starch-based materials are a promising alternative to non-renewable resins, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly food packaging alternative for single-use products. This article provides a chronology of the development of starch-based materials for food packaging. Particular emphasis is placed on the challenges faced in processing these materials using conventional processing techniques for thermoplastics and other emerging techniques such as electrospinning and 3D printing. The improvement of the performance of starch-based materials by blending with other biopolymers, use of micro- and nano-sized reinforcements, and chemical modification of starch is discussed. Finally, an overview of recent developments of these materials in smart food packaging is given.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Properties of Self-Assembly Graphene Microcapsules: Effect of the pH Value

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Dong Guo ◽  
Jun-Feng Su ◽  
Ru Mu ◽  
Xin-Yu Wang ◽  
Xiao-Long Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Ph Values

Graphene has attracted attention in the material field of functional microcapsules because of its excellent characteristics. The content and state of graphene in shells are critical for the properties of microcapsules, which are greatly affected by the charge adsorption equilibrium. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of pH value on the microstructure and properties of self-assembly graphene microcapsules in regard to chemical engineering. Microcapsule samples were prepared containing liquid paraffin by a self-assembly polymerization method with graphene/organic hybrid shells. The morphology, average size and shell thickness parameters were investigated for five microcapsule samples fabricated under pH values of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The existence and state of graphene in dry microcapsule samples were analyzed by using methods of scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectoscopy (FT-IR) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) were applied to analyze the graphene content in shells. These results proved that graphene had existed in shells and the pH values greatly influenced the graphene deposition on shells. It was found that the microcapsule sample fabricated under pH = 5 experienced the largest graphene deposited on shells with the help of macromolecules entanglement and electrostatic adherence. This microcapsules sample had enhanced thermal stability and larger thermal conductivity because of additional graphene in shells. Nanoindentation tests showed this sample had the capability of deforming resistance under pressure coming from the composite structure of graphene/polymer structure. Moreover, more graphene decreased the penetrability of core material out of microcapsule shells.

Effect of Preparation Methods of HPW/SiO2 Mesoporous Composites on its Catalytic Performance in Fuel Oils Desulfurization

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 924-928
Author(s):  
Xue Min Yan ◽  
Yuan Zhu Mi
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Electrostatic Force ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Base Interaction ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Oh Groups

Two kinds of mesoporous HPW/SiO2 composites, which have been synthesized respectively by the amino-functionalized (AF) method and evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method, have been used as catalysts in the oxidative desulfurization process of dibenzothiophene(DBT). The catalytic performance results show that the catalyst synthesized by EISA method holds higher catalytic activity than that synthesized by the AF method. The difference of catalytic activity can be attributed to the different synthesis mechanism of two kinds of composites. In the AF method, the bonding force between HPW and SiO2 is strong acid-base interaction, which damages the Keggin structure. Whereas in the EISA process, electrostatic force and hydrogen bonds between W=O groups and Si-OH groups are main bonding forces. The hydrogen bond holds the electron-withdrawing effect, which increases the activity of nonbonding W=O groups in HPW and then results in the enhancement of the catalytic activity.

scholarly journals From Residues to Added-Value Bacterial Biopolymers as Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1492
Author(s):  
Francisco G. Blanco ◽  
Natalia Hernández ◽  
Virginia Rivero-Buceta ◽  
Beatriz Maestro ◽  
Jesús M. Sanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Nanoscale Systems ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Peptide Functionalization ◽  
Metabolic Strategies ◽  
Drug Nanocarriers

Bacterial biopolymers are naturally occurring materials comprising a wide range of molecules with diverse chemical structures that can be produced from renewable sources following the principles of the circular economy. Over the last decades, they have gained substantial interest in the biomedical field as drug nanocarriers, implantable material coatings, and tissue-regeneration scaffolds or membranes due to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability into nonhazardous disintegration products, and their mechanical properties, which are similar to those of human tissues. The present review focuses upon three technologically advanced bacterial biopolymers, namely, bacterial cellulose (BC), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and γ-polyglutamic acid (PGA), as models of different carbon-backbone structures (polysaccharides, polyesters, and polyamides) produced by bacteria that are suitable for biomedical applications in nanoscale systems. This selection models evidence of the wide versatility of microorganisms to generate biopolymers by diverse metabolic strategies. We highlight the suitability for applied sustainable bioprocesses for the production of BC, PHA, and PGA based on renewable carbon sources and the singularity of each process driven by bacterial machinery. The inherent properties of each polymer can be fine-tuned by means of chemical and biotechnological approaches, such as metabolic engineering and peptide functionalization, to further expand their structural diversity and their applicability as nanomaterials in biomedicine.

Chitosan Nanocarriers Loading Anti-Tumor Drugs

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 113-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Wei Wu ◽  
Xin Feng Song ◽  
Han Wen Sun ◽  
Yan Cong Zhang ◽  
Xiang Ling Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Ionic Crosslinking ◽  
Covalent Crosslinking ◽  
Immune Ability ◽  
Tumor Drugs ◽  
Adhesion Effect

Chitosan is a kind of natural polymer commonly applied for nanomaterials, which is affluent in nature with favorable biodegradability and biocompatibility and free of toxicity or odor. In clinic it can be used as a drug carrier for the treatment of cancer, and also it is a kind of new pharmaceutical excipient. To prepare chitosan nanomaterial, various method are used, such as ionic crosslinking, covalent crosslinking, precipitation, free radical polymerization, reverse micelle, spray drying, and self-assembly. Furthermore, plenty of anti-tumor drugs, including adriamycin, epirubicin, taxol, 5-fluorouracil, norcantharidin, folic acid, and so on, are also attempted to load on these chitosan nanocarriers. In addition, the mechanism for those nanocarriers carrying anti-tumor drugs acting on tumor cell were explored, and the formulation mainly include electric charge adhesion effect, suppressing the proliferation of tumor cells, adjusting or enhancing immune ability of the body and inducing apoptosis. This paper compared the characteristics of different preparation methods on chitosan as a nanodrug carrier, summarized the types of packaged drugs, analyzed the mechanism of the chitosan as nanodrug carriers. It can provide valuable reference for researchers' further work.

scholarly journals Poly(ADP-ribose): An organizer of cellular architecture

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony K.L. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Cellular Organization ◽  
Rna Granules ◽  
Cellular Architecture ◽  
Spindle Poles ◽  
Granule Proteins

Distinct properties of poly(ADP-ribose)—including its structural diversity, nucleation potential, and low complexity, polyvalent, highly charged nature—could contribute to organizing cellular architectures. Emergent data indicate that poly(ADP-ribose) aids in the formation of nonmembranous structures, such as DNA repair foci, spindle poles, and RNA granules. Informatics analyses reported here show that RNA granule proteins enriched for low complexity regions, which aid self-assembly, are preferentially modified by poly(ADP-ribose), indicating how poly(ADP-ribose) could direct cellular organization.

scholarly journals Preserving the Cellular Tissue Structure of Maize Pith Though Dry Fractionation Processes: A Key Point to Use as Insulating Agro-Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5350
Author(s):  
Claire Mayer-Laigle ◽  
Laia Haurie Ibarra ◽  
Amélie Breysse ◽  
Marina Palumbo ◽  
Frédéric Mabille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Cellular Tissue ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Dry Fractionation ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Electrostatic Separator

Plant biomass has various compositions and structures at different scales (from the component organs to their constitutive tissues) to support its functional properties. Recovering each part of the plant without damaging its structure poses a challenge to preserving its original properties for differential dedicated end uses, and considerably increases its added value. In this work, an original combination of grinding based on shearing stress and separation based on particle size and density was successfully used to sort rind (65% w/w) and pith (35% w/w) from maize stem internodes. More than 97% of the rind was isolated. The pith alveolar structure was well preserved in coarse particles, making them suitable for insulation bio-based composite materials, a promising alternative to conventional nonbiodegradable insulation panels. Boards produced from the dry fractionated pith exhibited thermal conductivities like those produced from hand dissected pith, with values equal to 0.037 W·mK−1 and 0.039 W·mK−1, respectively. In the finest fraction (particle size <1 mm), the pith vascular bundles (around 300–400 µm in diameter) were dissociated from parenchyma cells and successfully isolated using a cutting-edge electrostatic separator. Their structures, which provide the plant structural support, make them potentially valuable for reinforcement in composite materials.

Computational Analysis of The Effects of Nitrogen Source and Sin1 Knockout on Biosilica Morphology in The Model Diatom Thalassiosira Pseudonana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szabolcs Horvát ◽  
Adeeba Fathima ◽  
Stefan Görlich ◽  
Carl Modes ◽  
Michael Schlierf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Thalassiosira Pseudonana ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Knockout Mutant

Abstract Morphogenesis of the silica based cell walls of diatoms, a large group of microalgae, is a paradigm for the self-assembly of complex 3D nano- and microscale patterned inorganic materials. In recent years, loss-of-function studies using genetic manipulation were successfully applied for the identification of genes that guide silica morphogenesis in diatoms. These studies revealed that the loss of one gene can affect multiple morphological parameters, and the morphological changes can be rather subtle being blurred by natural variations in morphology even within the same clone. Both factors severely hamper the identification of morphological mutants using subjective by-eye inspection of electron micrographs. Here we have developed automated image analysis for objectively quantifying the morphology of ridge networks and pore densities from numerous electron micrographs of diatom biosilica. This study demonstrated differences in ridge network morphology and pore density in diatoms growing on ammonium rather than nitrate as sole nitrogen source. Furthermore, it revealed shortcomings in previous by-eye evaluation of the biosilica phenotype of the silicanin-1 knockout mutant. We anticipate that the computational methods established in the present work, will be invaluable for unraveling genotype-phenotype correlations in diatom biosilica morphogenesis.

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