scholarly journals Eight-Week Consumption of High-Sucrose Diet Has a Pro-Oxidant Effect and Alters the Function of the Salivary Glands of Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽  
Jan Matczuk ◽  
Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska ◽  
Wiesława Niklińska ◽  
Katarzyna Fejfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
High Sucrose

A high-sucrose diet (HSD) is widely known for its cariogenic effects and promotion of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. However, the impact of the HSD diet on the salivary gland function as well as the level of salivary oxidative stress is still unknown and requires evaluation. Our study is the first to determine both redox balance and oxidative injury in the parotid and submandibular glands of rats fed the HSD diet compared to the control group. We have demonstrated that uric acid concentration and the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase varied significantly in both the submandibular and parotid glands of HSD rats vs. the control group. However, enhanced oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA (increase in advanced glycation end products, advanced oxidation protein products, 4-hydroxynonenal, and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine) was observed only in the parotid glands of HSD rats. Moreover, the HSD diet also reduced the total protein content and amylase activity in both types of salivary glands and decreased the stimulated salivary flow rate. To sum up, an HSD diet reduces salivary gland function and disturbs the redox balance of the parotid as well as submandibular salivary glands. However, the parotid glands are more vulnerable to both antioxidant disturbances and oxidative damage.

scholarly journals A Randomized Controlled Trial for the Effectiveness of Aromatherapy in Decreasing Salivary Gland Damage following Radioactive Iodine Therapy for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michihiro Nakayama ◽  
Atsutaka Okizaki ◽  
Koji Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Group B

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of aromatherapy in decreasing salivary gland damage for patients undergoing radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Materials and Methods. The subjects were 71 patients with DTC. They were divided into aromatherapy group (group A, n=35) and a control group (group B, n=36). We blended 1.0 mL of lemon and 0.5 mL of ginger essential oils. The patients in the inhalation aromatherapy group inhaled this blend oil and those in the control group inhaled distilled water as placebo for 10 min during admission. We statistically compared salivary gland function before and after treatment between groups A and B. Results. In comparison with group B, the rate of change of the accumulation rate was significantly higher in the parotid glands and submandibular glands of group A (P<0.05). In comparison with group B, a significant increase in rate of secretion change before and after treatment was noted in the bilateral parotid glands in group A (P<0.05). Conclusion. Because an amelioration of salivary gland function was observed in the present study, our results suggest the efficacy of aromatherapy in the prevention of treatment-related salivary gland disorder. This trial is registered with UMIN Clinical Trial Registry: UMIN000013968.

scholarly journals Effects of high sucrose diet, gemfibrozil, and their combination on plasma paraoxonase 1 activity and lipid levels in rats.

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Macan ◽  
Nada Vrkić ◽  
Ana Lucić Vrdoljak ◽  
Božica Radić ◽  
Vlasta Bradamante
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Sucrose ◽  
Serum Pon1 Activity

We investigated the influence of high sucrose diet (HSD) after 3 or 5 weeks of administration on paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity in plasma of normolipidemic rats and the relationship between serum PON1 activity, triacylglycerides (TGs), HDL and total cholesterol vs. the control group of rats fed normal, control diet (CD). Because the data about the influence of gemfibrozil (GEM) on PON1 activity are controversial, we also investigated its effects (administration in the 4th and 5th week in rats on HSD and CD) on plasma PON1 activity and lipid levels in normolipidemic rats, and in rats with hypertriglyceridemia caused by HSD. Our results obtained in rats on HSD show a significant increase of plasma TGs levels by 47% (P

scholarly journals A binge high sucrose diet provokes systemic and cerebral inflammation in rats without inducing obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omkar L. Patkar ◽  
Abdalla Z. Mohamed ◽  
Ashwin Narayanan ◽  
Karine Mardon ◽  
Gary Cowin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

AbstractWhile the dire cardiometabolic consequences of the hypercaloric modern ‘Western’ diet are well known, there is not much information on the health impact of a high sucrose diet not inducing weight gain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that rats reared with intermittent binge access to sucrose in addition to normal chow would develop an inflammatory response in brain. To test this hypothesis, we undertook serial PET/MRI scans with the TSPO ligand [18F]DPA714 in a group of (n=9) rats at baseline and again after voluntarily consuming 5% sucrose solution three days a week for three months. Compared to a control group fed with normal chow (n=9), the sucrose rats indeed showed widespread increases in the availability of cerebral binding sites for the microglial marker, despite normal weight gain compared to the control diet group. Subsequent immunofluorescence staining of the brains confirmed the PET findings, showing a widespread 20% increase in the abundance of IBA-1-positive microglia with characteristic ‘semi-activated’ morphology in the binge sucrose rats, which had 23% lower density of microglial endpoints and 25% lower mean process length compared to microglia in the control rats with ordinary feeding. GFAP immunofluorescence showed no difference in astroglial coverage in the sucrose rats, except for a slight reduction in hypothalamus. The binge sucrose diet-induced neuroinflammation was associated with a significant elevation of white blood cell counts. Taking these results together, we find that long-term intake of sucrose in a binge paradigm, similar in sucrose content to the contemporary Western diet, triggered a low-grade systemic and central inflammation in non-obese rats. The molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains to be established.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Defense, Oxidative Modification, and Salivary Gland Function in an Early Phase of Cerulein Pancreatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽  
Anna Skutnik-Radziszewska ◽  
Izabela Zieniewska ◽  
Jan Matczuk ◽  
Emilia Domel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Gland Function

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a multifactorial disease characterized by necroinflammatory changes of the pancreas. Our study is the first study which evaluated the relationship between the free radical production, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, oxidative damage, and secretory function of the salivary glands of AP rats. Male Wistar rats were divided equally into 2 groups: control (n=9) and AP (n=9). AP was induced by intraperitoneal injection with cerulein and confirmed by higher serum amylase and lipase. We have demonstrated that the superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities, as well as reduced glutathione concentration, were significantly decreased in both the parotid and submandibular glands of AP rats as compared to the control rats. The production of free radicals evidenced as dichlorodihydrofluorescein assay and the activity of NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase and IL-1β concentration were significantly higher in the parotid and submandibular glands of AP rats compared to the controls. In AP rats, we also showed a statistical increase in oxidation modification products (advanced glycation end products and advanced oxidation protein products), salivary amylase activity, and significant decrease in the total protein content. However, we did not show apoptosis and any morphological changes in the histological examination of the salivary glands of AP rats. To sum up, cerulein-induced AP intensifies production of oxygen free radicals, impairs the redox balance of the salivary glands, and is responsible for higher oxidative damage to these glands. Interestingly, oxidative modification of proteins and dysfunction of the antioxidant barrier are more pronounced in the submandibular glands of AP rats.

scholarly journals Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Antioxidant Defense, Oxidative Modification, and Salivary Gland Function in a Rat Model of Insulin Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Żukowski ◽  
Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽  
Jan Matczuk ◽  
Krzysztof Kurek ◽  
Danuta Waszkiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Parotid Glands

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the salivary gland dysfunction in insulin resistance (IR). It is not surprising that new substances are constantly being sought that will protect against the harmful effects of IR in the oral cavity environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on oxidative stress and secretory function of salivary glands in a rat model of insulin resistance. Rats were divided into 4 groups: C—normal diet, C + NAC—normal diet + NAC, HFD—high-fat diet, and HFD + NAC. We have demonstrated that NAC elevated enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase) and nonenzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAS)) in the parotid glands of HFD + NAC rats, while in the submandibular glands increased only GSH and TAS levels. NAC protects against oxidative damage only in the parotid glands and increased stimulated salivary secretion; however, it does not increase the protein secretion in the both salivary glands. Summarizing, NAC supplementation prevents the decrease of stimulated saliva secretion, seen in the HFD rats affected. NAC improves the antioxidative capacity of the both glands and protects against oxidative damage to the parotid glands of IR rats.

Hepatic Transcriptomic Signature of High-Sucrose Diet in Nonobese Model of Metabolic Syndrome and Prediabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1723-P
Author(s):  
IRENA MARKOVÁ ◽  
MARTINA HÜTTL ◽  
HANA MALINSKA ◽  
ONDREJ SEDA ◽  
LUDMILA KAZDOVA
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Transcriptomic Signature ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

Motor learning impairment in rats under a high sucrose diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 113384
Author(s):  
Nayely Flores-Fuentes ◽  
Carolina Hernandez-Cruz ◽  
Karina Bermeo ◽  
Antonio Barajas-Martinez ◽  
Valeria Nayely Hernandez-Serratos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
Learning Impairment ◽  
High Sucrose

scholarly journals Metabolic control of daily locomotor activity mediated by tachykinin in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hyuk Lee ◽  
Eunjoo Cho ◽  
Sung-Eun Yoon ◽  
Youngjoon Kim ◽  
Eun Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Behavior ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
Locomotor Activities ◽  
Locomotor Behaviors ◽  
High Sucrose ◽  
Over Time

AbstractMetabolism influences locomotor behaviors, but the understanding of neural curcuit control for that is limited. Under standard light-dark cycles, Drosophila exhibits bimodal morning (M) and evening (E) locomotor activities that are controlled by clock neurons. Here, we showed that a high-nutrient diet progressively extended M activity but not E activity. Drosophila tachykinin (DTk) and Tachykinin-like receptor at 86C (TkR86C)-mediated signaling was required for the extension of M activity. DTk neurons were anatomically and functionally connected to the posterior dorsal neuron 1s (DN1ps) in the clock neuronal network. The activation of DTk neurons reduced intracellular Ca2+ levels in DN1ps suggesting an inhibitory connection. The contacts between DN1ps and DTk neurons increased gradually over time in flies fed a high-sucrose diet, consistent with the locomotor behavior. DN1ps have been implicated in integrating environmental sensory inputs (e.g., light and temperature) to control daily locomotor behavior. This study revealed that DN1ps also coordinated nutrient information through DTk signaling to shape daily locomotor behavior.

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