Antioxidant Defense, Oxidative Modification, and Salivary Gland Function in an Early Phase of Cerulein Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a multifactorial disease characterized by necroinflammatory changes of the pancreas. Our study is the first study which evaluated the relationship between the free radical production, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, oxidative damage, and secretory function of the salivary glands of AP rats. Male Wistar rats were divided equally into 2 groups: control (n=9) and AP (n=9). AP was induced by intraperitoneal injection with cerulein and confirmed by higher serum amylase and lipase. We have demonstrated that the superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities, as well as reduced glutathione concentration, were significantly decreased in both the parotid and submandibular glands of AP rats as compared to the control rats. The production of free radicals evidenced as dichlorodihydrofluorescein assay and the activity of NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase and IL-1β concentration were significantly higher in the parotid and submandibular glands of AP rats compared to the controls. In AP rats, we also showed a statistical increase in oxidation modification products (advanced glycation end products and advanced oxidation protein products), salivary amylase activity, and significant decrease in the total protein content. However, we did not show apoptosis and any morphological changes in the histological examination of the salivary glands of AP rats. To sum up, cerulein-induced AP intensifies production of oxygen free radicals, impairs the redox balance of the salivary glands, and is responsible for higher oxidative damage to these glands. Interestingly, oxidative modification of proteins and dysfunction of the antioxidant barrier are more pronounced in the submandibular glands of AP rats.

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Eight-Week Consumption of High-Sucrose Diet Has a Pro-Oxidant Effect and Alters the Function of the Salivary Glands of Rats

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10101530 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1530 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽

Jan Matczuk ◽

Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska ◽

Wiesława Niklińska ◽

Katarzyna Fejfer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Redox Balance ◽

Control Group ◽

Parotid Glands ◽

Sucrose Diet ◽

High Sucrose Diet ◽

Gland Function ◽

High Sucrose

A high-sucrose diet (HSD) is widely known for its cariogenic effects and promotion of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. However, the impact of the HSD diet on the salivary gland function as well as the level of salivary oxidative stress is still unknown and requires evaluation. Our study is the first to determine both redox balance and oxidative injury in the parotid and submandibular glands of rats fed the HSD diet compared to the control group. We have demonstrated that uric acid concentration and the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase varied significantly in both the submandibular and parotid glands of HSD rats vs. the control group. However, enhanced oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA (increase in advanced glycation end products, advanced oxidation protein products, 4-hydroxynonenal, and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine) was observed only in the parotid glands of HSD rats. Moreover, the HSD diet also reduced the total protein content and amylase activity in both types of salivary glands and decreased the stimulated salivary flow rate. To sum up, an HSD diet reduces salivary gland function and disturbs the redox balance of the parotid as well as submandibular salivary glands. However, the parotid glands are more vulnerable to both antioxidant disturbances and oxidative damage.

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Exposure to Ti4Al4V Titanium Alloy Leads to Redox Abnormalities, Oxidative Stress, and Oxidative Damage in Patients Treated for Mandible Fractures

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2018/3714725 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Jan Borys ◽

Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽

Bożena Antonowicz ◽

Adam Krętowski ◽

Danuta Waszkiel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titanium Alloy ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Activity Concentration ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Redox Balance ◽

Passive Layer ◽

Oxidative Modification ◽

Mandibular Fractures ◽

Mandible Fractures ◽

Increased Activity

Due to the high biotolerance, favourable mechanical properties, and osseointegration ability, titanium is the basic biomaterial used in maxillofacial surgery. The passive layer of titanium dioxide on the surface of the implant effectively provides anticorrosive properties, but it can be damaged, resulting in the release of titanium ions to the surrounding tissues. The aim of our work was to evaluate the influence of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy on redox balance and oxidative damage in the periosteum surrounding the titanium miniplates and screws as well as in plasma and erythrocytes of patients with mandibular fractures. The study included 31 previously implanted patients (aged 21–29) treated for mandibular fractures and 31 healthy controls. We have demonstrated increased activity/concentration of antioxidants both in the mandibular periosteum and plasma/erythrocytes of patients with titanium mandibular fixations. However, increased concentrations of the products of oxidative protein and lipid modifications were only observed in the periosteum of the study group patients. The correlation between the products of oxidative modification of the mandible and antioxidants in plasma/erythrocytes suggests a relationship between the increase of oxidative damage at the implantation site and central redox disorders in patients with titanium miniplates and screws.

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New Markers of Oxidative Damage to Macromolecules

Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.2478/v10011-007-0049-x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Emina Čolak

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Protein Modification ◽

Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽

The Body ◽

Oxidative Modification ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Specific Marker

New Markers of Oxidative Damage to Macromolecules The presence of free radicals in biological material has been discovered some 50 years ago. In physiological conditions, free radicals, in the first place the ones of oxygen and nitrogen, are continuously synthesized and involved in the regulation of a series of physiological processes. The excess of free radicals is efficiently eliminated from the body in order to prevent their toxic effects. Toxic effects of free radicals may be classified into three groups: a) change of intracellular redox potential, b) oxidative modification of lipids, proteins and DNA, and c) gene activation. Lipid peroxidation involving cell membranes, lipoproteins and other molecules leads to the production of primary high-reactive intermediaries (alkyl radicals, conjugated dienes, peroxy- and alkoxyl radicals and lipid hydroperoxide), whose further breakdown generates the secondary products of lipid peroxidation: short-chain evaporable hydrocarbons, aldehydes and final products of lipid peroxidation: isoprostanes, MDA, 4-hydroxy-2, 3-transnonenal and 4,5-dihydroxydecenal which are important mediators of atherosclerosis, coronary disease, acute myocardial infarction, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis and lupus erythematodes. Oxidative modification of proteins is manifested by changes in their primary, secondary and tertiary structures. Proteins have a specific biological function, and therefore their modification results in unique functional consequences. The nature of protein modification may provide valid information on the type of oxidants causing the damage. Chlorotyrosyl is a specific marker of oxidative damage to tyrosine caused by HOCl action, which most commonly reflects the involvement of neutrophils and monocytes in oxidative stress, while nitrotyrosyl indicates the presence of higher peroxy-nitrite synthesis. Methyonin and cysteine are the amino acids most sensitive to oxidative stress, carbonyl groups are markers of severe damage caused by free radicals, and di-tyrosyl is the most significant and sensitive marker of oxidative modification made by γ rays. >Carbonyl stress< is an important form of the secondary oxidation of proteins, where reducing sugars non-enzymatically react with amino groups of proteins and lipids and give rise to the production of covalent compounds known as advanced glycosylated end products (AGE-products). A hydroxyl radical damages the DNA, leading to a loss of base and the formation of abasic sites (AP sites), break of DNA chain and sugar modification. Final lipid peroxidation products (MDA) may covalently bind to DNA, producing the >DNA radicals< which are responsible for mutations. Measurement of an adequate oxidative stress biomarker may not only point to an early onset of disease, its progression and assessment of therapy effectiveness, but can also help in the clarification of the pathophysiological mechanisms of tissue damage caused by oxidative stress, prediction of disease prognosis and choice of appropriate treatment in the early stages of disease.

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Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Antioxidant Defense, Oxidative Modification, and Salivary Gland Function in a Rat Model of Insulin Resistance

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2018/6581970 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Piotr Żukowski ◽

Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽

Jan Matczuk ◽

Krzysztof Kurek ◽

Danuta Waszkiel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Rat Model ◽

Salivary Secretion ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Oxidative Modification ◽

Parotid Glands

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the salivary gland dysfunction in insulin resistance (IR). It is not surprising that new substances are constantly being sought that will protect against the harmful effects of IR in the oral cavity environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on oxidative stress and secretory function of salivary glands in a rat model of insulin resistance. Rats were divided into 4 groups: C—normal diet, C + NAC—normal diet + NAC, HFD—high-fat diet, and HFD + NAC. We have demonstrated that NAC elevated enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase) and nonenzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAS)) in the parotid glands of HFD + NAC rats, while in the submandibular glands increased only GSH and TAS levels. NAC protects against oxidative damage only in the parotid glands and increased stimulated salivary secretion; however, it does not increase the protein secretion in the both salivary glands. Summarizing, NAC supplementation prevents the decrease of stimulated saliva secretion, seen in the HFD rats affected. NAC improves the antioxidative capacity of the both glands and protects against oxidative damage to the parotid glands of IR rats.

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Ten Marathons in Ten Days: Effects on Biochemical Parameters and Redox Balance – Case Report

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research ◽

10.2478/sjecr-2018-0060 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 361-366

Author(s):

Deniel Pesic ◽

Ivan Srejovic ◽

Djordje Stefanovic ◽

Dusica Djordjevic ◽

Dejan Cubrilo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Redox Balance ◽

High Energy ◽

Self Control ◽

Electrolyte Imbalance ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Marathon Runners ◽

Balance Case

Abstract Production of free radicals and oxidative damage during physical activity is a topic that is intensively studied and paid a lot of attention, first of all in professional sports. Marathon is categorized as extremely demanding sports discipline, as it induces high energy consumption and also requires special mental self-control. We presented cases of two athletes of different age, who have been on dissimilar level of sports readiness, and also had various approach to physical activity and exercise. During 10 days they ran out 10 marathons, partly on a flat terrain, and partly on hilly, which produced different level of effort in conquering the terrain. Also, both athletes had complex supplementation scheme in order to prevent electrolyte imbalance and excessive production of free radicals. Blood samples were taken in the morning and immediately after the end of the marathon. Measured oxidative stress biomarkers changed without a noticeable pattern, but these changes did not vary greatly among themselves. Catalase activity in both marathon runners was higher after marathon almost after every race for 10 days. On the other hand, amount of reduced glutathione was lower after marathon in both athletes in the same manner. Based on the obtained results we can conclude that adequate supplementation could have crucial role in prevention of oxidative damage.

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Free radicals and oxidative damage in biology and medicine: An introduction

Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscle ◽

10.1007/978-3-0348-8958-2_1 ◽

1998 ◽

pp. 1-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

B. Halliwell

Keyword(s):

Free Radicals ◽

Oxidative Damage

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Methionine Diet Evoked Hyperhomocysteinemia Causes Hippocampal Alterations, Metabolomics Plasma Changes and Behavioral Pattern in Wild Type Rats

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22094961 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 4961

Author(s):

Maria Kovalska ◽

Eva Baranovicova ◽

Dagmar Kalenska ◽

Anna Tomascova ◽

Marian Adamkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Brain Area ◽

Critical Role ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Behavioral Pattern ◽

Cell Physiology ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

High Level ◽

Hippocampal Alterations ◽

The Impact

L-methionine, an essential amino acid, plays a critical role in cell physiology. High intake and/or dysregulation in methionine (Met) metabolism results in accumulation of its intermediate(s) or breakdown products in plasma, including homocysteine (Hcy). High level of Hcy in plasma, hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy), is considered to be an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases, stroke and dementias. To evoke a mild hHcy in adult male Wistar rats we used an enriched Met diet at a dose of 2 g/kg of animal weight/day in duration of 4 weeks. The study contributes to the exploration of the impact of Met enriched diet inducing mild hHcy on nervous tissue by detecting the histo-morphological, metabolomic and behavioural alterations. We found an altered plasma metabolomic profile, modified spatial and learning memory acquisition as well as remarkable histo-morphological changes such as a decrease in neurons’ vitality, alterations in the morphology of neurons in the selective vulnerable hippocampal CA 1 area of animals treated with Met enriched diet. Results of these approaches suggest that the mild hHcy alters plasma metabolome and behavioural and histo-morphological patterns in rats, likely due to the potential Met induced changes in “methylation index” of hippocampal brain area, which eventually aggravates the noxious effect of high methionine intake.

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