scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Use of Antimicrobials among Preschool Girls in Ethiopia

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Johanna Bodin ◽  
Adane Mihret ◽  
Carol Holm-Hansen ◽  
Jennifer Dembinski ◽  
Mai-Chi Trieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes

Preschool children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, are highly exposed to influenza viruses. Factors related to infections, nutrition, and environmental conditions that might explain the burden of influenza among these children were investigated. Ninety-five preschool children, 48 girls and 47 boys, were followed clinically for 12 months. Illness and immune responses to influenza; three other respiratory viruses; five airway pathogenic bacteria; and levels of vitamins D, A, and B12 were assessed. Most of the children had antibodies to numerous respiratory viral and bacterial agents at study start, and many were infected during follow-up. Twenty-five girls and 25 boys fell ill during the study, and were treated with one or more courses of systemic antimicrobials. Ninety percent of both girls and boys had 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels below the recommended levels. While there was no overall difference in the levels of vitamins D, A, and B12 between girls and boys, treated girls had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than non-treated girls and treated boys. There was a considerable number of short for age children, but only the short treated girls had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than the non-treated children. Preschool girls with low 25(OH)D levels were more vulnerable to pathogenic microbes than boys.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Humoral and Cellular Immunity to Influenza Viruses in Preschool Children Living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Dembinski ◽  
Adane Mihret ◽  
Solomon A. Yimer ◽  
Bamlak Tessema ◽  
Mai-Chi Trieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Background Influenza in children who reside in tropical and subtropical regions has until recently been regarded as insignificant. However, new evidence suggests that it significantly impacts hospitalization and promotes secondary bacterial coinfections. Ethiopia is situated in a subtropical area where influenza viruses are likely to circulate year round. Methods Clinical data were recorded in a cohort of 103 healthy preschool children recruited in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Humoral and cellular immune responses to influenza virus were determined by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assays. Results Ninety-six percent of the children (2–5 years old) had pre-existing HI antibody responses to 1 or more of the circulating influenza A subtypes, H1N1 (51%), H3N2 (86%), or influenza B (51%) strains. At the age of 4, all children had been infected with at least 1 strain, and 75% had been infected with 2–4 different viral strains. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses against conserved viral antigens increased with repeated exposures, indicating boosting of cross-reactive cellular immunity. Malnutrition did not seem to affect these immune responses to influenza. Conclusions Influenza is highly prevalent among children in this area of Ethiopia. Due to the risk of secondary bacterial pneumonia, increased influenza awareness might benefit child health.

Vitamin D Level Stability in Dystrophinopathy Patients on Vitamin D Supplementation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Naomi Vather-Wu ◽  
Matthew D. Krasowski ◽  
Katherine D. Mathews ◽  
Amal Shibli-Rahhal
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Frequent Monitoring ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stable Maintenance ◽  
Mean Time

Background: Expert guidelines recommend annual monitoring of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and maintaining 25-OHD ≥30 ng/ml in patients with dystrophinopathies. Objective: We hypothesized that 25-OHD remains stable and requires less frequent monitoring in patients taking stable maintenance doses of vitamin D. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study, using the electronic health record to identify 26 patients with dystrophinopathies with a baseline 25-OHD ≥30 ng/mL and at least one additional 25-OHD measurement. These patients had received a stable dose of vitamin D for ≥3 months prior to their baseline 25-OHD measurement and throughout follow-up. The main outcome measured was the mean duration time the subjects spent with a 25-OHD ≥30 ng/mL. Results: Only 19% of patients dropped their 25-OHD to <  30 ng/ml, with a mean time to drop of 33 months and a median nadir 25-OHD of 28 ng/mL. Conclusions: These results suggest that measurement of 25-OHD every 2–2.5 years may be sufficient in patients with a baseline 25-OHD ≥30 ng/mL and who are on a stable maintenance dose of vitamin D. Other patients may require more frequent assessments.

Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the occurrence of musculoskeletal diseases: a 3-year follow-up to the road study

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Yoshimura ◽  
S. Muraki ◽  
H. Oka ◽  
K. Nakamura ◽  
H. Kawaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Road ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Road Study

scholarly journals The Risk of All-Cause Mortality Is Inversely Related to Serum 25(OH)D Levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 2792-2798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Saliba ◽  
Ofra Barnett ◽  
Hedy S. Rennert ◽  
Gad Rennert
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Vital Status ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
General Population Cohort ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

Abstract Context and Objectives: Vitamin D plays a key role in maintaining bone health, but evidence for its nonskeletal effects is inconsistent. This study aims to examine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and all-cause mortality in a large general population cohort. Design, Participants, and Setting: Using the computerized database of the largest health care provider in Israel, we identified a cohort of subjects 20 years old or older with serum 25(OH)D levels measured between January 2008 and December 2009. Vital status was ascertained through August 2011. Results: Median follow-up was 28.5 months (interquartile range 23.8–33.5 months); 7,247 of 182,152 participants (4.0%) died. Subjects who died had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D levels (mean 44.8 ± 24.2 nmol/liter) than those alive at the end of follow-up (51.0 ± 23.2 nmol/liter), P &lt; 0.001. After adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, and seasonality, the hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality was 2.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.89–2.15] for the lowest serum 25(OH)D quartile (&lt;33.8 nmol/liter) compared with the highest. After further adjustment for comorbidity, use of vitamin D supplements and statins, smoking, socioeconomic status, and body mass index, the HR was 1.81 (95% CI 1.69–1.95). This remained, even after adjustment for serum low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, calcium level (corrected for serum albumin levels), and glomerular filtration rate, 1.85 (95% CI 1.70–2.01). The fully adjusted HR associated with being in the second 25(OH)D quartile (33.8–49.4 nmol/liter) was 1.25 (95% CI 1.16–1.34). Conclusions: All-cause mortality is independently and inversely associated with serum 25(OH)D levels at levels less than 50 nmol/liter.

scholarly journals Low Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Tobacco-Related Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Afzal ◽  
Stig E Bojesen ◽  
Børge G Nordestgaard
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
And Function

BACKGROUND Tobacco smoke chemicals may influence vitamin D metabolism and function, and conversely vitamin D may modify the carcinogenicity of tobacco smoke chemicals. We tested the hypothesis that lower plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with a higher risk of tobacco-related cancer in the general population. METHODS A prospective population-based cohort of 9791 individuals from the Copenhagen City Heart Study who were free of cancer at baseline was followed from 1981–1983 until December 2008 with 100% complete follow-up. RESULTS During up to 28 years of follow-up, 1081 participants developed a tobacco-related cancer and 1506 developed other cancers. Decreasing 25(OH)D concentrations, subdivided by clinical categories or by seasonally adjusted percentile categories, were associated with increasing cumulative incidence of tobacco-related cancer (log-rank trend P = 2 × 10−6 and P = 5 × 10−9). Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios of tobacco-related cancer were 1.75 (95% CI, 1.33–2.30) for 25(OH)D &lt;5 vs ≥20 ng/mL, and 2.07 (1.63–2.62) for ≤5th vs &gt;66th percentile. Also, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for a 50% reduction in 25(OH)D were 1.20 (1.13–1.28) for any tobacco-related cancer, 1.19 (95% CI, 1.09–1.31) for lung cancer, 1.44 (1.19–1.73) for head and neck cancer, 1.28 (1.06–1.54) for bladder cancer, 1.34 (1.04–1.73) for kidney cancer, and 0.95 (0.89–1.01) for other cancers. CONCLUSIONS Lower plasma 25(OH)D was associated with higher risk of tobacco-related cancers, but not with risk of other cancers.

scholarly journals Low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is associated with increased colorectal cancer mortality: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghai Wu ◽  
Mei Xue ◽  
Yongjie Zhao ◽  
Youkui Han ◽  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Abstract Epidemiological studies have suggested inconclusive associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of the present study was to quantitatively assess these associations. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for eligible studies. Subgroup analyses based on study geographic location, publication year, length of follow-up time, sample size, and stage were conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. Dose–response relationships and pooled hazard ratios (HR) for overall and CRC-specific survival comparing the highest versus the lowest categories of circulating 25(OH)D concentrations were assessed. Overall, 17 original studies with a total of 17,770 CRC patients were included. Pooled HR (95% confidence intervals) comparing highest versus lowest categories were 0.64 (0.55–0.72) and 0.65 (0.56–0.73) for overall and CRC-specific survival, respectively. Studies conducted in the U.S.A., with median follow-up time ≥ 8 years, larger sample size, and including stage I-III patients showed a more prominent association between 25(OH)D concentrations and overall survival. The dose–response analysis showed that the risk of all-cause mortality was reduced by 7% (HR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.95), and the risk of CRC-specific mortality was reduced by 12% (HR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.93) for each 20 nmol/l increment of 25(OH)D concentration. This meta-analysis provides evidences that a higher 25(OH)D concentration is associated with lower overall mortality and CRC-specific mortality.

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