Bioaccesibility, Metabolism, and Excretion of Lipids Composing Spent Coffee Grounds

The bioaccessibility, metabolism, and excretion of lipids composing spent coffee grounds (SCGs) were investigated. An analysis of mycotoxins and an acute toxicity study in rats were performed for safety evaluation. Total fat, fatty acids, and diterpenes (cafestol and kahweol) were determined in SCGs and their digests obtained in vitro. A pilot repeated intake study was carried out in Wistar rats using a dose of 1 g SCGs/kg b.w. for 28 days. Fat metabolism was evaluated by analysis of total fat, cholesterol, and histology in liver. The dietary fiber effect of SCGs was measured radiographically. The absence of mycotoxins and toxicity was reported in SCGs. A total of 77% of unsaturated fatty acids and low amounts of kahweol (7.09 µg/g) and cafestol (414.39 µg/g) were bioaccessible after in vitro digestion. A significantly lower (p < 0.1) accumulation of lipids in the liver and a higher excretion of these in feces was found in rats treated with SCGs for 28 days. No lipid droplets or liver damage were observed by histology. SCGs acutely accelerated intestinal motility in rats. SCGs might be considered a sustainable, safe, and healthy food ingredient with potential for preventing hepatic steatosis due to their effect as dietary fiber with a high fat-holding capacity.

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Chemical Composition and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Antioxidant Phytochemicals from Selected Edible Nuts

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11102303 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2303 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jazmín C. Stevens-Barrón ◽

Laura A. de la Rosa ◽

Abraham Wall-Medrano ◽

Emilio Álvarez-Parrilla ◽

Roberto Rodríguez-Ramirez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

White Pine ◽

Tree Nuts ◽

Pine Nut ◽

In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽

Total Fat

The ultimate health benefits of peanuts and tree nuts partially depend on the effective gastrointestinal delivery of their phytochemicals. The chemical composition and in vitro bioaccessibility of tocopherols, tocotrienols and phenolic compounds from peanuts and seven tree nuts were evaluated by analytical and chemometric methods. Total fat and dietary fiber (g 100 g−1) ranged from 34.2 (Emory oak acorn) to 72.5 (pink pine nut; PPN) and from 1.2 (PPN) to 22.5 (pistachio). Samples were rich in oleic and linoleic acids (56–87 g 100 g−1 oil). Tocopherols and tocotrienols (mg·kg−1) ranged from 48.1 (peanut) to 156.3 (almond) and 0 (almond, pecan) to 22.1 (PPN) and hydrophilic phenolics from 533 (PPN) to 12,896 (Emory oak acorn); flavonoids and condensed tannins (mg CE.100 g−1) ranged from 142 (white pine nut) to 1833 (Emory oak acorn) and 14 (PPN) to 460 (Emory oak acorn). Three principal components explained 90% of the variance associated with the diversity of antioxidant phytochemicals in samples. In vitro bioaccessibility of tocopherols, tocotrienols, hydrophilic phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins ranged from 11–51%, 16–79%, 25–55%, 0–100%, and 0–94%, respectively. Multiple regression analyses revealed a potential influence of dietary fiber, fats and/or unsaturated fatty acids on phytochemical bioaccessibility, in a structure-specific manner.

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Evaluating the potential of Bacillus subtilis fermented okara as a functional food ingredient through in vitro digestion and fermentation

Food Biotechnology ◽

10.1080/08905436.2021.1909615 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Wai Kit Mok ◽

Yong Xing Tan ◽

Wei Ning Chen

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Functional Food ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Food Ingredient

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Role of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on dicarbonyl–albumin derived advanced glycation end products in vitro

Amino Acids ◽

10.1007/s00726-021-03069-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Brock Peake ◽

Maulik Ghetia ◽

Cobus Gerber ◽

Maurizio Costabile ◽

Permal Deo

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Advanced Glycation End Products ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Advanced Glycation ◽

Glycation End Products ◽

End Products

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Inhibition of binding of gonadal steroids to serum binding proteins by non-esterified fatty acids: the influence of chain length and degree of unsaturation

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1200175 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 120 (2) ◽

pp. 175-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

C. Street ◽

R. J. S. Howell ◽

L. Perry ◽

S. Al-Othman ◽

T. Chard

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Protein Binding ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Partial Purification ◽

Normal Female ◽

Esterified Fatty Acids ◽

Vitro Binding

Abstract. The effect of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) on the in vitro binding of testosterone, 5-alpha dihydrotestosterone and estradiol E2 to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was examined using pooled normal female serum, and SHBG and albumin fractions obtained from the partial purification of late pregnancy serum. A range of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were examined for their effect on steroid-protein binding. In normal female serum, NEFA added at physiological concentrations disrupted steroid-protein binding. The shorter chain (C8–C12) saturated acids and the poly-unsaturated acids proved to be more effective inhibitors than the longer chain saturated or mono-unsaturated acids. The greatest inhibition was obtained with E2 whereas the binding of dihydrotestosterone was least affected. With partially purified SHBG, the same concentrations of NEFA were less effective at inhibiting the binding of dihydrotestosterone and testosterone but elicited the same effect with E2. The binding of steroids to albumin appeared to be unaffected by these concentrations of NEFA.

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Upgrading of Coffee Biocrude Oil Produced by Pyrolysis of Spent Coffee Grounds: Behavior of Fatty Acids in Supercritical Ethanol Reaction and Catalytic Cracking

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9050835 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 835

Author(s):

Ji-Yeon Park ◽

Md Amirul Alam Kanak ◽

In-Gu Lee

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Oxygen Content ◽

Catalytic Cracking ◽

Total Content ◽

Pyrolysis Oil ◽

Spent Coffee Grounds ◽

Coffee Grounds ◽

Supercritical Ethanol ◽

Supercritical Reaction ◽

Biocrude Oil

Spent coffee grounds contain lipids (fatty acids) in addition to cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The reaction process for upgrading biocrude oil produced from spent coffee grounds is different from that followed for upgrading biomass pyrolysis oil, such as processes that utilize sawdust. The feasibility of upgrading coffee biocrude oil through a supercritical ethanol reaction with plastic pyrolysis oil and through catalytic cracking for the improvement of the undesirable properties of biocrude oil, caused by the presence of oxygenated compounds, was evaluated. The initial oxygen content of the coffee biocrude oil was 16.9 wt%. The oil comprised a total content of 40.9% fatty acids, as found by analyzing the GC-MS peak area. After the supercritical ethanol reaction at 340 ∘C, the oxygen content was decreased to 9.9 wt%. When the MgNiMo/AC catalyst was applied to the supercritical reaction, the oxygen content was further decreased to 8.5 wt%. The esterification of the fatty acids in the biocrude oil with ethanol converted them to esters. After the supercritical reaction of coffee biocrude oil with plastic pyrolysis oil (1:2 (w/w)), the oxygen content was 6.4 wt%. After the catalytic cracking of the biocrude oil by Ni/MCM-41 at 400 ∘C, the fatty acids were converted to hydrocarbons, C9 to C21, and the oxygen content decreased to a final value of 2.8 wt%.

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Uptake and distribution of cis-unsaturated fatty acids and their effect on free radical generation in normal and tumor cells in vitro

Free Radical Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1016/0891-5849(87)90033-5 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 9-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Undurti N. Das ◽

Yung-S. Huang ◽

Michel E. Bēgin ◽

Greg Ells ◽

David F. Horrobin

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Free Radical ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Free Radical Generation ◽

Radical Generation

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PENGARUH PADAT TEBAR TERHADAP KANDUNGAN ZAT GIZI IKAN LELE YANG DIPELIHARA DENGAN TEKNOLOGI BIOFLOK

Jurnal Matematika Sains dan Teknologi ◽

10.33830/jmst.v20i2.196.2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 120-131

Author(s):

Settings Anang Suhardianto ◽

Ariyanti Hartari

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Water Content ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Omega 6 ◽

Total Fat

This study aims to determine the effect of stocking density on the nutrient content of catfish that is maintained with biofloc technology. Nutrients observed: 1) water content, 2) protein, 3) carbohydrates, 4) total fat, 5) saturated fatty acids / SFA, 6) monounsaturated fatty acids/ MUFA, 7) plural unsaturated fatty acids / PUFA , 8) omega-3, 9) omega-6, and 10) omega 9. Statistical tests on the 10 variables showed that stocking density did not have a significant effect on the 10 variables at a 5% confidence interval. Stocking density of treatment is 1000 heads/pond (T1), 2000 heads/pond (T2), 3000 heads/pond (T3), with a pond size of 2.0 m x height 1.0 m. Research results: 1. The average water content is 69.40–71.47% and the highest T3. 2. The protein content is 14.70-15.90%, the highest T2. 3. Carbohydrate content of 5.16-5.50%, the highest T2. 4. The average total fat content of 6.73-7.78%, the highest T1. 5. SFA content is around 43%, PUFA around 23%, and MUFA around 32%. 6. The highest omega-3 content is T3, then T1, and T2. Omega-6 and 9 sequence contents are T1, T2, and T3. It was concluded, the treatment of biofloc catfish stocking densities at a 5% confidence interval did not have a significant effect on the specified nutrient content. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh padat tebar terhadap kandungan zat gizi ikan lele yang dipelihara dengan teknologi bioflok. Zat gizi yang diamati: 1) kandungan air, 2) protein, 3) karbohidrat, 4) lemak total, 5) asam lemak jenuh/SFA, 6) asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal/MUFA, 7) asam lemak tak jenuh jamak/PUFA, 8) omega-3, 9) omega 6, dan 10) omega 9. Uji statistik terhadap ke-10 variabel menunjukkan padat tebar tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap ke-10 variabel pada selang kepercayaan 5%. Padat tebar perlakuan adalah 1000 ekor/kolam (T1), 2000 ekor/kolam (T2), 3000 ekor/kolam (T3), dengan ukuran kolam diameter 2,0 m x tinggi 1,0 m. Hasil penelitian: 1. Rata-rata kandungan air 69,40–71,47% dan T3 tertinggi. 2. Kandungan protein 14,70–15,90%, T2 tertinggi. 3. Kandungan karbohidrat 5,16–5,50%, T2 tertinggi. 4. Rata-rata kandungan lemak total 6,73–7,98%, T1 tertinggi. 5. Kandungan SFA sekitar 43%, PUFA sekitar 23%, dan MUFA sekitar 32%. 6. Kandungan omega-3 tertinggi T3, kemudian T1, dan T2. Omega-6 dan 9 urutan kandungannya T1, T2, dan T3. Disimpulkan, perlakuan padat tebar lele bioflok pada selang kepercayaan 5% tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kandungan zat gizi yang ditentukan.

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