scholarly journals Effect of Cocoa Products and Its Polyphenolic Constituents on Exercise Performance and Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Inflammation: A Review of Clinical Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Massaro ◽  
Egeria Scoditti ◽  
Maria Carluccio ◽  
Antonia Kaltsatou ◽  
Antonio Cicchella
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Cocoa Products ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Polyphenol Intake

In recent years, the consumption of chocolate and, in particular, dark chocolate has been “rehabilitated” due to its high content of cocoa antioxidant polyphenols. Although it is recognized that regular exercise improves energy metabolism and muscle performance, excessive or unaccustomed exercise may induce cell damage and impair muscle function by triggering oxidative stress and tissue inflammation. The aim of this review was to revise the available data from literature on the effects of cocoa polyphenols on exercise-associated tissue damage and impairment of exercise performance. To this aim, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched with the following keywords: “intervention studies”, “cocoa polyphenols”, “exercise training”, “inflammation”, “oxidative stress”, and “exercise performance”. We selected thirteen randomized clinical trials on cocoa ingestion that involved a total of 200 well-trained athletes. The retrieved data indicate that acute, sub-chronic, and chronic cocoa polyphenol intake may reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress but not inflammation, while mixed results are observed in terms of exercise performance and recovery. The interpretation of available results on the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of cocoa polyphenols remains questionable, likely due to the variety of physiological networks involved. Further experimental studies are mandatory to clarify the role of cocoa polyphenol supplementation in exercise-mediated inflammation.

scholarly journals Potential Protective Effect of Oleanolic Acid on the Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernández-Aparicio ◽  
Schmidt-RioValle ◽  
Perona ◽  
Correa-Rodríguez ◽  
Castellano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Public Health Problem

The high prevalence of obesity is a serious public health problem in today’s world. Both obesity and insulin resistance favor the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is associated with a number of pathologies, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. This serious problem highlights the need to search for new natural compounds to be employed in therapeutic and preventive strategies, such as oleanolic acid (OA). This research aimed to systematically review the effects of OA on the main components of MetS as well as oxidative stress in clinical trials and experimental animal studies. Databases searched included PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL from 2013 to 2019. Thus, both animal studies (n = 23) and human clinical trials (n = 1) were included in our review to assess the effects of OA formulations on parameters concerning insulin resistance and the MetS components. The methodological quality assessment was performed through using the SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias for animal studies and the Jadad scale. According to the studies in our review, OA improves blood pressure levels, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. Although there is scientific evidence that OA has beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of MetS and insulin resistance, more experimental studies and randomized clinical trials are needed to guarantee its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Efeito da melatonina exógena no estresse oxidativo provocado pelo exercício físico

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Costa de Moraes Coutinho ◽  
Cintia Mussi Alvim Stocchero
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Introdução: Na prática desportiva competitiva, pesquisadores da fisiologia humana buscam novas descobertas, tanto no campo do treinamento físico como na suplementação de substâncias que possam contribuir para uma melhora do desempenho esportivo, diminuindo a fadiga e contribuindo para a recuperação. Recentemente, a melatonina tem sido alvo de pesquisas por apresentar propriedades que modulam processos celulares intimamente ligados à produção de energia e apresentar propriedades antioxidativas.Objetivo: Avaliar como a suplementação de melatonina pode atenuar o dano oxidativo da célula induzido pelo exercício.Métodos: Nesta revisão narrativa, foram consultadas as bases na literatura PubMed e Elsevier, utilizando os termos “melatonin AND oxidative stress in exercise", “melatonin AND exercise performance”, “melatonin supplementation AND exercise”, desde o ano 2000 até 2016.Resultados e Discussão: Seis estudos de desenho experimental fizeram parte desta revisão. A melatonina foi suplementada antes do esforço físico e os parâmetros bioquímicos foram mensurados antes, durante e depois do mesmo. Os estudos apontaram diminuição dos marcadores de estresse oxidativo utilizando-se melatonina. Todavia, há controvérsias quanto à utilização dos reagentes laboratoriais para esses marcadores.Conclusão: A literatura mostra que a suplementação de melatonina promove melhora no padrão oxidativo a partir da diminuição dos níveis de marcadores da oxidação no sangue e nos tecidos. Tal suplementação mostrou-se benéfica e segura para atletas que, devido às altas cargas de treinamento físico, estão cronicamente expostos a ataques mais severos do estresse oxidativo pelo treinamento físico.Effect of Exogenous Melatonin on the Exercise Induced Oxidative StressAbstractIntroduction: In competitive sport, researchers in human physiology seek new discoveries, both in the field of physical training and in the supplementation of substances that can contribute to an improvement in sports performance, reducing fatigue and contributing to recovery. Recently, melatonin has been subject of research because of its modulating actions in cellular processes, closely linked to the production of energy and because of its antioxidative properties.Objective: To evaluate how melatonin supplementation can attenuate the oxidative stress of the cell induced by exerciseMethods: In this narrative review, searches in the literature were performed in PubMed and Elsevier bases using the terms "melatonin AND oxidative stress in exercise"; "melatonin AND exercise performance"; "melatonin supplementation AND exercise", from 2000 to 2016.Results and Discussion: Six experimental studies were part of this review. Melatonin was supplemented before physical exertion and the biochemical parameters were measured before, during and after the exercise test. The studies indicated a decrease in the markers of oxidative stress using melatonin. However, there are controversies regarding the use of laboratory reagents for those markers.Conclusion: The literature shows that melatonin supplementation promotes improvement in the oxidative pattern by decreasing levels of oxidation markers in blood and tissues. Such supplementation has proved to be beneficial and safe for athletes who, due to the high loads of physical training, are chronically exposed to more severe attacks of oxidative stress related to physical training.  

Oxidative stress does not influence weight loss induced by aerobic training in adults: randomized clinical trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glêbia A. Cardoso ◽  
Mateus D. Ribeiro ◽  
Ana P. Ferreira ◽  
Yohanna de Oliveira ◽  
Thiago de O. Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Aerobic Training

Opening windows of opportunities: Evidence for interventions to prevent or treat depression in pregnant women being associated with changes in offspring's developmental trajectories of psychopathology risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1179-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherryl H. Goodman ◽  
Katherine A. Cullum ◽  
Sona Dimidjian ◽  
Laura M. River ◽  
Christine Youngwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Small Effect Size

AbstractAlthough animal models and correlational studies support a model of fetal programming as a mechanism in the transmission of risk for psychopathology from parents to children, the experimental studies that are required to empirically test the model with the human prenatal dyad are scarce. With a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature, we critically examined the evidence regarding the neurobiological and behavioral changes in infants as a function of randomized clinical trials to prevent or reduce maternal depression during pregnancy, treating randomized clinical trials as experiments testing the fetal programming model. Based on 25 articles that met inclusion criteria, we found support for interventions designed to change maternal prenatal mood being associated with changes in offspring functioning, but with a very small effect size. Effect sizes ranged broadly, and were higher for younger children. The findings enhance understanding of putative mechanisms in the transmission of risk from women's prenatal depression to infants’ vulnerabilities to, and early signs of, the development of psychopathology. We note limitations of the literature and suggest solutions to advance understanding of how preventing or treating depression in pregnant women might disrupt the transmission of risk to the infants.

scholarly journals Análise da Revisão Cochrane: Terapêutica Farmacológica da Hiperuricemia em Doentes Hipertensos. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;4:CD008652.

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Miguel Bigotte Vieira ◽  
Rute Baeta Baptista ◽  
João Costa ◽  
António Vaz-Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Primary Hypertension ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cochrane Central Register

Arterial hypertension is a public health problem that affects approximately 25% of the world’s adult population. The association between hypertension and hyperuricemia has been shown on epidemiological and experimental studies. However, it is unclear whether lowering serum uric acid might lower blood pressure. This Cochrane systematic review - a revised edition of a previously published one - intended as primary objective to evaluate the effect of hypouricemic drugs in patients with primary hypertension or prehypertension. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hypouricemic drugs. A systematic search until February 2016 on controlled, randomized or quasi-randomized trials comparing the effect of hypouricemic drug versus placebo in hypertensive or prehypertensive patients was performed on the following databases: The Cochrane Hypertension Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, The World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, e ClinicalTrials.gov. LILACS database up to March 2016 was also searched and the authors of relevant studies were contacted. There were 349 identified papers, 21 were preselected and three randomized clinical trials (211 patients) were included in the qualitative analysis and in the meta-analysis. Two of the trials were conducted exclusively on adolescents. The authors conclude that hypouricemic drugs are not effective in lowering blood pressure in patients with hyperuricemia and primary prehypertension or hypertension. However, this strategy might be more effective in the specific population of adolescents with prehypertension or mild primary hypertension recently diagnosed. Hypouricemic drugs effectively reduce serum uric acid level and withdrawals of therapy due to adverse effects were not superior in the treated group, comparing to placebo; however, one patient withdrew due to a severe cutaneous reaction.

Effectiveness of Biology-Based Methods for Inhibiting Orthodontic Tooth Movement. A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Cadenas de Llano-Pérula ◽  
RM Yañez-Vico ◽  
E Solano-Reina ◽  
JC Palma-Fernandez ◽  
A Iglesias-Linares
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Level Laser

Introduction: Several experimental studies in the literature have tested different biology-based methods for inhibiting or decreasing orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in humans. This systematic review investigated the effects of these interventions on the rate of tooth movement. Study design: Electronic [MedLine; SCOPUS; Cochrane Library; OpenGrey;Web of Science] and manual searches were conducted up to January 26th, 2016 in order to identify publications of clinical trials that compared the decreasing or inhibiting effects of different biology-based methods over OTM in humans. A primary outcome (rate of OTM deceleration/inhibition) and a number of secondary outcomes were examined (clinical applicability, orthodontic force used, possible side effects). Two reviewers selected the studies complying with the eligibility criteria (PICO format) and assessed risk of bias [Cochrane Collaboration's tool]. Data collection and analysis were performed following the Cochrane recommendations. Results: From the initial electronic search, 3726 articles were retrieved and 5 studies were finally included. Two types of biology-based techniques used to reduce the rate of OTM in humans were described: pharmacological and low-level laser therapy. In the first group, human Relaxin was compared to a placebo and administered orally. It was described as having no effect on the inhibition of OTM in humans after 32 days, while the drug tenoxicam, injected locally, inhibited the rate of OTM by up to 10% in humans after 42 days. In the second group, no statistically significant differences were reported, compared to placebo, for the rate of inhibition of OTM in humans after 90 days of observation when a 860 nm continuous wave GaAlA slow-level laser was used. Conclusions: The currently available data do not allow us to draw definitive conclusions about the use of various pharmacological substances and biology-based therapies in humans able to inhibit or decrease the OTM rate. There is an urgent need for more sound well-designed randomized clinical trials in the field.

scholarly journals Cardioprotective Properties Of Xenon

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-272
Author(s):  
A. I. Shpichko ◽  
O. A. Grebenchikov ◽  
I. V. Molchanov ◽  
A. K. Shabanov ◽  
N. P. Shpichko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion

Abstract The review presents the main aspects of the cardioprotective properties of the xenon inhalation anesthetic. Based on the analysis of publications, the article discusses modern views on the mechanisms of the protective action of xenon, realized using pre- and post-conditioning mechanisms, shows major molecular targets and their effects. The article presents the results of experimental studies in vivo and in vitro, which showed the protective effect of xenon on the myocardium and the results of recent randomized clinical trials. The analysis of studies demonstrates the ability of xenon to increase myocardial resistance to ischemia and reperfusion and opens up good prospects for its use in clinical practice in patients with a high risk of cardiac complications.

scholarly journals New targets and old therapies for arterial hypertension

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
S. R. Gilyarevsky ◽  
N. G. Bendeliani ◽  
M. V. Golshmid ◽  
G. Yu. Zakharova ◽  
I. M. Kuzmina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Moderate Cognitive Impairment

The article discusses approaches to the choice of antihypertensive drugs, which may be based on the adoption and implementation of new clinical guidelines for the management of patients with arterial hypertension. This paper provides data on the efficacy and safety of candesartan, an antihypertensive drug, which advantages were identified during a large number of randomized clinical trials. It discusses the recently published data on the effectiveness of more intensive regimens of antihypertensive therapy to reduce the risk of moderate cognitive impairment in patients with arterial hypertension. In this regard, the authors provide data of the previously completed studies, which showed the effect of candesartan on the rate of cognitive decline in patients with arterial hypertension in the elderly and senile age. The features of the pharmacological characteristics of candesaratan that can remotely explain its clinical efficacy are considered. The data of experimental studies of candesartan in animals, which contribute to the concept of the possible effects of candesartan, are presented.

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