scholarly journals Potential Protective Effect of Oleanolic Acid on the Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernández-Aparicio ◽  
Schmidt-RioValle ◽  
Perona ◽  
Correa-Rodríguez ◽  
Castellano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Public Health Problem

The high prevalence of obesity is a serious public health problem in today’s world. Both obesity and insulin resistance favor the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is associated with a number of pathologies, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. This serious problem highlights the need to search for new natural compounds to be employed in therapeutic and preventive strategies, such as oleanolic acid (OA). This research aimed to systematically review the effects of OA on the main components of MetS as well as oxidative stress in clinical trials and experimental animal studies. Databases searched included PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL from 2013 to 2019. Thus, both animal studies (n = 23) and human clinical trials (n = 1) were included in our review to assess the effects of OA formulations on parameters concerning insulin resistance and the MetS components. The methodological quality assessment was performed through using the SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias for animal studies and the Jadad scale. According to the studies in our review, OA improves blood pressure levels, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. Although there is scientific evidence that OA has beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of MetS and insulin resistance, more experimental studies and randomized clinical trials are needed to guarantee its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Análise da Revisão Cochrane: Terapêutica Farmacológica da Hiperuricemia em Doentes Hipertensos. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;4:CD008652.

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Miguel Bigotte Vieira ◽  
Rute Baeta Baptista ◽  
João Costa ◽  
António Vaz-Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Primary Hypertension ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cochrane Central Register

Arterial hypertension is a public health problem that affects approximately 25% of the world’s adult population. The association between hypertension and hyperuricemia has been shown on epidemiological and experimental studies. However, it is unclear whether lowering serum uric acid might lower blood pressure. This Cochrane systematic review - a revised edition of a previously published one - intended as primary objective to evaluate the effect of hypouricemic drugs in patients with primary hypertension or prehypertension. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hypouricemic drugs. A systematic search until February 2016 on controlled, randomized or quasi-randomized trials comparing the effect of hypouricemic drug versus placebo in hypertensive or prehypertensive patients was performed on the following databases: The Cochrane Hypertension Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, The World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, e ClinicalTrials.gov. LILACS database up to March 2016 was also searched and the authors of relevant studies were contacted. There were 349 identified papers, 21 were preselected and three randomized clinical trials (211 patients) were included in the qualitative analysis and in the meta-analysis. Two of the trials were conducted exclusively on adolescents. The authors conclude that hypouricemic drugs are not effective in lowering blood pressure in patients with hyperuricemia and primary prehypertension or hypertension. However, this strategy might be more effective in the specific population of adolescents with prehypertension or mild primary hypertension recently diagnosed. Hypouricemic drugs effectively reduce serum uric acid level and withdrawals of therapy due to adverse effects were not superior in the treated group, comparing to placebo; however, one patient withdrew due to a severe cutaneous reaction.

scholarly journals Effect of Cocoa Products and Its Polyphenolic Constituents on Exercise Performance and Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Inflammation: A Review of Clinical Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Massaro ◽  
Egeria Scoditti ◽  
Maria Carluccio ◽  
Antonia Kaltsatou ◽  
Antonio Cicchella
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Cocoa Products ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Polyphenol Intake

In recent years, the consumption of chocolate and, in particular, dark chocolate has been “rehabilitated” due to its high content of cocoa antioxidant polyphenols. Although it is recognized that regular exercise improves energy metabolism and muscle performance, excessive or unaccustomed exercise may induce cell damage and impair muscle function by triggering oxidative stress and tissue inflammation. The aim of this review was to revise the available data from literature on the effects of cocoa polyphenols on exercise-associated tissue damage and impairment of exercise performance. To this aim, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched with the following keywords: “intervention studies”, “cocoa polyphenols”, “exercise training”, “inflammation”, “oxidative stress”, and “exercise performance”. We selected thirteen randomized clinical trials on cocoa ingestion that involved a total of 200 well-trained athletes. The retrieved data indicate that acute, sub-chronic, and chronic cocoa polyphenol intake may reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress but not inflammation, while mixed results are observed in terms of exercise performance and recovery. The interpretation of available results on the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of cocoa polyphenols remains questionable, likely due to the variety of physiological networks involved. Further experimental studies are mandatory to clarify the role of cocoa polyphenol supplementation in exercise-mediated inflammation.

Oxidative stress does not influence weight loss induced by aerobic training in adults: randomized clinical trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glêbia A. Cardoso ◽  
Mateus D. Ribeiro ◽  
Ana P. Ferreira ◽  
Yohanna de Oliveira ◽  
Thiago de O. Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Aerobic Training

scholarly journals Telomere Length and Oxidative Stress and Its Relation with Metabolic Syndrome Components in the Aging

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Graciela Gavia-García ◽  
Juana Rosado-Pérez ◽  
Taide Laurita Arista-Ugalde ◽  
Itzen Aguiñiga-Sánchez ◽  
Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Telomeric Dna ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function

A great amount of scientific evidence supports that Oxidative Stress (OxS) can contribute to telomeric attrition and also plays an important role in the development of certain age-related diseases, among them the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterised by clinical and biochemical alterations such as obesity, dyslipidaemia, arterial hypertension, hyperglycaemia, and insulin resistance, all of which are considered as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases, which are associated in turn with an increase of OxS. In this sense, we review scientific evidence that supports the association between OxS with telomere length (TL) dynamics and the relationship with MetS components in aging. It was analysed whether each MetS component affects the telomere length separately or if they all affect it together. Likewise, this review provides a summary of the structure and function of telomeres and telomerase, the mechanisms of telomeric DNA repair, how telomere length may influence the fate of cells or be linked to inflammation and the development of age-related diseases, and finally, how the lifestyles can affect telomere length.

scholarly journals Clinical Efficacy of Brown Seaweeds Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus in the Prevention or Delay Progression of the Metabolic Syndrome: A Review of Clinical Trials

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 714
Author(s):  
Enver Keleszade ◽  
Michael Patterson ◽  
Steven Trangmar ◽  
Kieran J. Guinan ◽  
Adele Costabile
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Fucus Vesiculosus ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
World Population ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global public health problem affecting nearly 25.9% of the world population characterised by a cluster of disorders dominated by abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high fasting plasma glucose, hypertriacylglycerolaemia and low HDL-cholesterol. In recent years, marine organisms, especially seaweeds, have been highlighted as potential natural sources of bioactive compounds and useful metabolites, with many biological and physiological activities to be used in functional foods or in human nutraceuticals for the management of MetS and related disorders. Of the three groups of seaweeds, brown seaweeds are known to contain more bioactive components than either red and green seaweeds. Among the different brown seaweed species, Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus have the highest antioxidant values and highest total phenolic content. However, the evidence base relies mainly on cell line and small animal models, with few studies to date involving humans. This review intends to provide an overview of the potential of brown seaweed extracts Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus for the management and prevention of MetS and related conditions, based on the available evidence obtained from clinical trials.

Oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome: Effects of a natural antioxidants enriched diet on insulin resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e52-e60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Mancini ◽  
Giuseppe Ettore Martorana ◽  
Marinella Magini ◽  
Roberto Festa ◽  
Sebastiano Raimondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Natural Antioxidants

scholarly journals Tissue engineering of urethra: Systematic review of recent literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 242 (18) ◽  
pp. 1772-1785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Žiaran ◽  
Martina Galambošová ◽  
L'uboš Danišovič
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Urethral Reconstruction

The purpose of this article was to perform a systematic review of the recent literature on urethral tissue engineering. A total of 31 articles describing the use of tissue engineering for urethra reconstruction were included. The obtained results were discussed in three groups: cells, scaffolds, and clinical results of urethral reconstructions using these components. Stem cells of different origin were used in many experimental studies, but only autologous urothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes were applied in clinical trials. Natural and synthetic scaffolds were studied in the context of urethral tissue engineering. The main advantage of synthetic ones is the fact that they can be obtained in unlimited amount and modified by different techniques, but scaffolds of natural origin normally contain chemical groups and bioactive proteins which increase the cell attachment and may promote the cell proliferation and differentiation. The most promising are smart scaffolds delivering different bioactive molecules or those that can be tubularized. In two clinical trials, only onlay-fashioned transplants were used for urethral reconstruction. However, the very promising results were obtained from animal studies where tubularized scaffolds, both non-seeded and cell-seeded, were applied. Impact statement The main goal of this article was to perform a systematic review of the recent literature on urethral tissue engineering. It summarizes the most recent information about cells, seeded or non-seeded scaffolds and clinical application with respect to regeneration of urethra.

Homocysteine is the confounding factor of metabolic syndrome-confirmed by siMS score

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Srećković ◽  
Ivan Soldatovic ◽  
Emina Colak ◽  
Igor Mrdovic ◽  
Mirjana Sumarac-Dumanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment

Abstract Background: Abdominal adiposity has a central role in developing insulin resistance (IR) by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) have higher values of homocysteine. Hyperhomocysteinemia correlates with IR, increasing the oxidative stress. Oxidative stress causes endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and atherosclerosis. The objective of the study was to examine the correlation of homocysteine with siMS score and siMS risk score and with other MS co-founding factors. Methods: The study included 69 obese individuals (age over 30, body mass index [BMI] >25 kg/m2), classified into two groups: I-with MS (33 patients); II-without MS (36 patients). Measurements included: anthropometric parameters, lipids, glucose regulation parameters and inflammation parameters. IR was determined by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). ATP III classification was applied for diagnosing MS. SiMS score was used as continuous measure of metabolic syndrome. Results: A significant difference between groups was found for C-reactive protein (CRP) (p<0.01) apolipoprotein (Apo) B, HOMA-IR and acidum uricum (p<0.05). siMS risk score showed a positive correlation with homocysteine (p=0.023), while siMS score correlated positively with fibrinogen (p=0.013), CRP and acidum uricum (p=0.000) and homocysteine (p=0.08). Homocysteine correlated positively with ApoB (p=0.036), HbA1c (p=0.047), HOMA-IR (p=0.008) and negatively with ApoE (p=0.042). Conclusions: Correlation of siMS score with homocysteine, fibrinogen, CRP and acidum uricum indicates that they are co-founding factors of MS. siMS risk score correlation with homocysteine indicates that hyperhomocysteinemia increases with age. Hyperhomocysteinemia is linked with genetic factors and family nutritional scheme, increasing the risk for atherosclerosis.

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