scholarly journals Consumers’ Perceptions of Five Front-of-Package Nutrition Labels: An Experimental Study Across 12 Countries

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenobia Talati ◽  
Manon Egnell ◽  
Serge Hercberg ◽  
Chantal Julia ◽  
Simone Pettigrew
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Nutrition Labels ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Consumers’ perceptions of five front-of-pack nutrition label formats (health star rating (HSR), multiple traffic lights (MTL), Nutri-Score, reference intakes (RI) and warning label) were assessed across 12 countries (Argentina, Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Mexico, Singapore, Spain, the UK and the USA). Perceptions assessed included liking, trust, comprehensibility, salience and desire for the label to be mandatory. A sample of 12,015 respondents completed an online survey in which they rated one of the five (randomly allocated) front-of-pack labels (FoPLs) along the perception dimensions described above. Respondents viewing the MTL provided the most favourable ratings. Perceptions of the other FoPLs were mixed or neutral. No meaningful or consistent patterns were observed in the interactions between country and FoPL type, indicating that culture was not a strong predictor of general perceptions. The overall ranking of the FoPLs differed somewhat from previous research assessing their objective performance in terms of enhancing understanding of product healthiness, in which the Nutri-Score was the clear front-runner. Respondents showed a strong preference for mandatory labelling, regardless of label condition, which is consistent with past research showing that the application of labels across all products leads to healthier choices.

scholarly journals Out-of-programme experience in UK neurosurgery trainees: optimising the transition back into clinical practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
J Lam ◽  
G Evans ◽  
RM deSouza ◽  
M Amarouche ◽  
J Cheserem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return To Work ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Surgical Skills ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Uk

INTRODUCTION Out of programme (OOP) experience from training increases the skill pool of the neurosurgical workforce and drives innovation in the specialty. OOP approval criteria are well defined but transition back to clinical work can be challenging with a paucity of data published on trainee perspectives. Our study aimed to investigate factors influencing transition from OOP back to clinical work among neurosurgical trainees in the UK. METHODS An online survey was sent to all members of the Society of British Neurological Surgeons. Questions pertained to details of OOP and factors influencing transition back to clinical work. RESULTS Among the 73 respondents, 7 were currently on OOP and 27 had completed OOP in the past. Research was the most common reason for OOP (28/34, 82%) and this was generally motivated by the aspiration of an academic neurosurgery career (17/34, 50%). Although the majority (27/34, 79%) continued clinical work during OOP, 37% of this group (10/27) reported a reduction in their surgical skills. Fewer than half (15/34, 44%) had a return to work plan, of which only half (8/34, 24%) were formal plans. The majority of respondents who had completed OOP in the past (22/27, 81%) felt that they were able to apply the skills gained during OOP to their clinical work on return. CONCLUSIONS Skills learnt during OOP are relevant and transferable to the clinical environment but mainly limited to research with OOP for management and education underrepresented. Deterioration of surgical skills is a concern. However, recognition of this problem has prompted new methods and schemes to address challenges faced on return to work.

scholarly journals What Affects Garment Lifespans? International Clothing Practices Based on a Wardrobe Survey in China, Germany, Japan, the UK, and the USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9151
Author(s):  
Kirsi Laitala ◽  
Ingun Grimstad Klepp
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
The Uk

Increasing the length of clothing lifespans is crucial for reducing the total environmental impacts. This article discusses which factors contribute to the length of garment lifespans by studying how long garments are used, how many times they are worn, and by how many users. The analysis is based on quantitative wardrobe survey data from China, Germany, Japan, the UK, and the USA. Variables were divided into four blocks related respectively to the garment, user, garment use, and clothing practices, and used in two hierarchical multiple regressions and two binary logistic regressions. The models explain between 11% and 43% of the variation in clothing lifespans. The garment use block was most indicative for the number of wears, while garment related properties contribute most to variation in the number of users. For lifespans measured in years, all four aspects were almost equally important. Some aspects that affect the lifespans of clothing cannot be easily changed (e.g., the consumer’s income, nationality, and age) but they can be used to identify where different measures can have the largest benefits. Several of the other conditions that affect lifespans can be changed (e.g., garment price and attitudes towards fashion) through quality management, marketing strategies, information, and improved consumer policies.

Conscientious Objection and the Politics of Cake-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-349
Author(s):  
Richard Moon
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Conscientious Objection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Position ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Religiously Based

Abstract In two recent cases, one in the USA and the other in the UK, courts have considered conscientious objection claims made by cake bakers who objected to providing a cake for the celebration/advocacy of same-sex marriage. I will argue that the issue in these cases is not the reasonable balance between the individual’s religious interests and the interests or rights of others in the community but is instead whether the individual’s religiously based objection should be viewed as an expression of personal religious conscience or as a (religiously grounded) civic position or action that falls outside the scope of religious freedom protection. In determining whether a conscientious objection should be viewed as a personal/spiritual matter or instead as a civic/political position, two factors are relevant. The first is whether the individual is being required to perform the particular act (to which she/he objects) because she/he holds a special position not held by others. The other factor is the relative remoteness/proximity of the act that the objector is required to perform from the act that she/he considers to be inherently immoral. The more remote the legally required action, the more likely we are to regard the objection as a political position.

Chapter I. The Home Economy

1975 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 8-21
Keyword(s):  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Current Account Deficit ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
The Uk ◽  
European Economies

The economy appears to be reaching the bottom of the cycle. Industrial production after a precipitous drop in the second quarter has levelled off since May. Retail prices have decelerated to show month on month rises at annual rates near to 10 per cent since July. The current account deficit, after falling sharply from 1974 levels in the first half of the year, increased again in the third quarter to an annual rate of £2½ billion. The growth of M3 has recently started to exceed the inflation rate, which it has not done since 1973 IV. These indicators suggest that the UK is at this point lagging only a few months behind Japan and the USA and barely if at all behind the other major European economies (see Chapter 2). Unemployment, a lagging indicator, continues to rise in this country, but has started to turn down in the United States and appears to be levelling off in Japan, Germany and France.

Pregnancy in adolescence: incidence and outcome in European countries

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (S5) ◽  
pp. 101-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Deschamps ◽  
G. Valantin
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
School Health ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Pregnancy In Adolescence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Clinical Problems

Pregnancy in adolescence is now a very great concern for doctors, teachers and social workers throughout the world and yet about 95% of the publications on this topic have come from the USA. The remainder are mainly from the UK and Scandinavia. Other countries have produced only a small number of papers, focusing mainly on clinical problems such as the pathological events and complications during pregnancy or delivery. In France, the first paper to appear in a paediatric journal was published in 1977 in the French journal of school health (Martin, 1977). On the other hand, teenage magazines often contain articles about sexual behaviour and pregnancy in adolescence. There is now a great concern in the adolescents' press about the problems of sexuality, contraception, abortion and pregnancy, including advertising for pregnancy tests.

Mavens’ price and non-price on-pack extrinsic cue search behaviours

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 689-710
Author(s):  
Alan M. Collins ◽  
Richard G. George
Keyword(s):  
Price Competition ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Store Brand ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Extrinsic Cues ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Full Discussion ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether or not mavens’ dissemination activities are likely to promote or hinder retailers’ store brand premiumisation attempts, by revealing the relationship between mavens’ price and non-price on-pack extrinsic cue search and their store brand purchasing behaviours. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts a hypothetic-deductive approach and develops a model of mavens’ store brand purchasing behaviour. The model is tested using SEM on a US data set containing 457 respondents. A full discussion of the direct, indirect and total effects is provided. Findings Mavens’ store brand purchasing behaviours are strongly linked to their price search activities and negatively related to their use of non-price on-pack extrinsic cues. This indicates that their dissemination activities are likely to stress lower prices and hence price competition rather than promote other cues used to infer quality. Thus, mavens are likely to inhibit retailers’ store brand premiumisation attempts. Mavens’ investments in time engaged in search activities are strongly linked to social returns rather than private financial savings. Research limitations/implications The work is based on data collected using an online survey in one region of the USA where store brands are not as prevalent in other countries such as the UK. Practical implications The investigation of non-price on-pack extrinsic cues reduces mavens’ store brand purchasing behaviours while the use of price cues increases them. This suggests that even with mavens’ market expertise that a non-price extrinsic cue deficit continues to exist for these products. Consequently, retailers need to re-examine and rework the cues contained on pack to convey more positive consumption-related information if mavens are to become store brand advocates. Originality/value Rather than conceptualising the maven as possessing market wide knowledge, this research adopts a domain specific perspective arguing that price mavenism can be distinguished from product-related mavenism with consequences for the set of extrinsic cues used as part of the maven’s search process. In doing so, it reveals the conflicting effects that these maven dimensions have on purchasing behaviours and the likely effects on mavens’ dissemination activities.

(the other survivor on that day was another Australian soap, Home and Away). Before treating the institutonal and textual factors which contributed to Neighbours’s success in the UK specifically, I propose ten textual reasons for its success in a range of territories. Several of these factors are noted in British press commentary, which accounted retrospectively for the massive success of Neighbours. Neighbours persisted in its success, similarly to Crocodile Dundee in 1986 in the USA, where it obliged two major film critics, Vincent Canby and Andrew Sarris, to reconsider it after they had farmed out reviews to second stringers on the film’s first appearance (Crofts 1992: 223). 1 The everyday The programme urges identification with profoundly everyday experiences: personal problems, desires, worries, fears, minor misunderstandings, romance, low-key domestic arguments. In negative accounts, the “everyday” becomes “trivial” and “banal” “dog-attackscat” stories, or, in the words of one French journal, “these clumsily intrusive neighbours whose greatest existential anguish consists in having to choose between two colours of wallpaper” (Brugière 1989: 51). Neighbours’s ordinariness and predictability largely shun the melodramatic, the concatenation of incidents, the excessive. In the words of producer, Mark Callan: We try to keep everything as simple as possible and direct it at the ordinary things that occur in every household and within every neighbourhood. We are often tempted to use a sensational story, but we pull back and say: “That’s not likely to happen.” We do best when we portray the mundane in an entertaining way. (quoted by Galvin 1988) Testimony to the success of this strategy is found in the observations of Lucy Janes, a 15-year-old Scot whose age is typical of the program’s principal demographic target. She talks about the plot – predictable, filled with clichés and relatively simple (particularly compared to Dynasty and Dallas where each character has been married to each of the others at least twice). You can play an amusing little game because of the predictability. Try to guess what he/she is going to say next. It’s easier than you think and gives the viewer a feeling of participation and achievement. (Janes 1988) Identification is encouraged by the everyday tempo and rhythm, the invariable use of eye-level camera and a thoroughly utilitarian visual style which draws no attention to itself (even Home and Away appears a little mannered in comparison). (As at July 1992, when research for this section of the chapter was completed, there were signs of Neighbours’s adopting a flashier and more sexually explicit style.)

2002 ◽  
pp. 109-109
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Sexually Explicit ◽  
Visual Style ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Everyday Experiences ◽  
British Press ◽  
The Uk

Economic Nationalism and Foreign Domestic Investment (FDI)

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-216
Author(s):  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Nationalism ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

Nationalism is not closing the door to other nations. On the contrary, sometimes it exhibits as crazy expansion. For example, during the Second World War, both Adolf Hitler and Emperor of Japan claimed that they are helping their citizens. However, that is not the truth. Both German and Japanese people suffered something that they wouldn't have suffered without this war. Meanwhile, nationalism is one reason that the other countries keep fighting the war. By observing the relationship among nationalism, government policies and intervention, and FDI, this chapter attempts to offer an understanding of how FDI is impacted by the nationalism and government policies and intervention by providing two cases: the Brexit of the UK and the “American First” of the USA.

scholarly journals Exploring cross-national public support for the use of enhanced weathering as a land-based carbon dioxide removal strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 165 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elspeth Spence ◽  
Emily Cox ◽  
Nick Pidgeon
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Level Of Concern ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThis study explores how public attitudes across three countries influence support towards terrestrial enhanced weathering, whereby silicate minerals are applied to agricultural land to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. An online survey was administered in Australia (N = 1000), the UK (N = 1000), and the USA (N = 1026) where there are ongoing field trials of this technique. Findings are similar across all three countries with many participants unfamiliar with enhanced weathering and unsure about supporting the use of enhanced weathering. Results show that positive affect is the main predictor for support of this technique, along with perceived benefits and level of concern about climate change. Open-ended questions asking why respondents would or would not support the use of enhanced weathering elicit mainly affective concepts, with enhanced weathering seen by individual respondents as either something mainly positive or mainly negative, with others saying it sounds risky and/or would have impacts on the environment. The way in which enhanced weathering is communicated is likely to influence support of the use of this strategy so must be undertaken carefully. Overall, our findings show that it is imperative to continue to engage the public, thereby allowing their views to be incorporated as enhanced weathering technology develops over time.

The role of colour and summary indicators in influencing front-of-pack food label effectiveness across seven countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Simone Pettigrew ◽  
Liyuwork Mitiku Dana ◽  
Zenobia Talati ◽  
Maoyi Tian ◽  
Devarsetty Praveen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Nutrition Labels ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Choice Tasks

Abstract Objective: Many countries are considering the implementation of front-of-pack nutrition labels as a strategy to address high and increasing levels of overweight and obesity. A growing body of work demonstrates the superiority of labels that use colour and/or provide a summary indicator of product healthiness to enhance comprehension. However, previous studies have been confounded in determining the relative effectiveness of these two attributes by comparing labels that also differ in other ways. The present study tested labels that varied only on use of colour and/or reliance on a summary indicator across an international sample to provide unique insights into the relative importance of these attributes. Design: Participants were randomised to see one of four variations of the Health Star Rating label that differed on the basis of use of colour and sole provision of a summary indicator. Setting: Australia, Canada, China, India, New Zealand, the UK and the USA. Participants: Adults (n 7545) in seven countries were exposed to online choice tasks requiring them to select a preferred breakfast cereal and then nominate the healthiest cereal. Results: Overall, the coloured versions, and particularly the one with just a summary indicator, outperformed the monochrome version that included nutrient-specific information. However, there were some differences by country, with results from Canada and China indicating superior outcomes for monochrome labels and those providing nutrient-specific information. Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of colour, but suggest that the introduction of front-of-pack nutrition labels should be preceded by country-specific formative testing to identify potential differences in outcomes.

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