scholarly journals Comparison of Self-Reported Speed of Eating with an Objective Measure of Eating Rate

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Eilis Woodward ◽  
Jillian Haszard ◽  
Anna Worsfold ◽  
Bernard Venn
Keyword(s):  
Objective Measure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Speed Of Eating ◽  
Perceived Speed

Slow eating may be beneficial in reducing energy intake although there is limited research quantifying eating rate. Perceived speed of eating was self-reported by 78 adults using a standard question “On a scale of 1–5 (very slow–very fast), how fast do you believe you eat?” Timing the completion of meals on three occasions was used to assess objective eating rate. The mean (SD) speeds of eating by self-reported categories were 49 (13.7), 42 (12.2), and 35 (10.5) g/min for fast, medium, and slow eaters, respectively. Within each self-reported category, the range of timed speed of eating resulted in considerable overlap between self-identified ‘fast’, ‘medium’ and ‘slow’ eaters. There was 47.4% agreement (fair) between self-reported speed of eating and the objective measure of eating rate (κ = 0.219). Self-reported speed of eating was sufficient at a group level to detect a significant difference (10.9 g/min (95% CI: 2.7, 19.2 g/min, p = 0.009)) between fast and slow; and fast and medium eaters (6.0 g/min (0.5, 11.6 g/min p = 0.033)). The mean difference (95% CI) between slow and medium eaters was 4.9 (−3.4, 12.2) g/min (p = 0.250). At an individual level, self-report had poor sensitivity. Compared to objectively measured speed of eating, self-reported speed of eating was found to be an unreliable means of assessing an individual’s eating rate. There are no standard protocols for assessing speed of eating or eating rate. Establishing such protocols would enable the development of population reference ranges across various demographic groups that may be applicable for public health messages and in clinical management.

Force Variability as an Objective Measure of Surgical Skill

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nor Zawani Ahmmad ◽  
Chew Zhen San ◽  
Eileen Su Lee Ming ◽  
Yeong Che Fai
Keyword(s):  
Objective Measure ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Force Variability ◽  
Surgical Skill ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Force Matching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Target Force ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels

This study investigated the force variability of subjects with different level of surgical skills for different force levels. Twelve participants were recruited from three different levels of surgical experiences: A group of surgeon (N = 4), medical student (N = 3) and engineering student  (N = 5) underwent a simple finger force control task using a custom developed ‘Force Matching’ module.  Three different levels of target force were used: 2 N, 4 N, and 6 N. The task was performed simultaneously using right and left hands. The mean error of force was measured to compare the performance between the three group using Kruskal-Wallis test. A statistically significant difference was detected among the three groups at 2 N when using right hand. We also found that the surgeon group made less error compared to the two other groups at force level 4 N and 6 N for both hands. This finding has important implication for developing a parametric assessment model to evaluate basic skill level in surgical procedures. However, for most accurate result, a big sample size of subject is required.

scholarly journals Application of Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) in Adult Intensive Care Units: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah S. Alqahtani ◽  
Rachel Evley
Keyword(s):  
Safety Culture ◽  
Safety Climate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safety Attitudes ◽  
Safety Attitudes Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

AbstractPurposeTo achieve a positive safety culture, staff perception of safety must be frequently measured. There are several active and reactive methods to use to measure safety cultures such as near-miss occurrence, accidental data collection, measuring behavior, self-report method, and safety questionnaires. The safety attitudes questionnaire (SAQ) tool was used to measure safety culture. This tool is widely used in literature and among researchers and has been used and validated in middle eastern cultures. In addition, it has a validated Arabic version.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using anonymous and random sampling. I surveyed all ICU staff working in all the adult ICUs in two of the major hospitals in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The short version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire was used to assess participants’ attitudes towards safety culture. The study involved all healthcare providers working in Adult ICU.ResultsThe study occurred over a three-week period in March 2019. A total of 82 completed questionnaires were returned which represented a response rate of 82%. On average, the domain that scored the highest number of positive responses was Job satisfaction with 68.5%, followed by teamwork climate 67.8%, then working conditions 60.1%, 57.1% safety climate, then preparation of management with 53.4%, and finally 46% in Stress recognition. A statistically significant difference was found between the mean SAQ score and the educational level of the participants. Participants with bachelor’s degrees scored a mean of 50.17 compared to participants hold diploma degrees who scored a mean of 68.81 (P=0.02). Moreover, a significant difference was found between the mean SAQ score and participants’ specialties. Attending/Staff Physician mean score was 36.40, Nurse Manager/Charge Nurse scored 39.78, and Respiratory therapist mean score was 47.88, compared to mean score of 62.27 for Registered Nurse, and Respiratory supervisor 67.0 (P=0.04). In addition, 79.2% of the respondents did not report any incidents in the last 12 months.ConclusionsThe result of the study shows an unsatisfying level of safety culture among healthcare staff in ICUs. The importance of this study is to establish a baseline for safety climate in these hospitals and specifically ICUs. In addition, by exposing the system weaknesses it helps the administration to strengthen and improve patient care. By decreasing workload and job stress, studies show they have a positive association with increasing job performance.

scholarly journals A computer-based avatar task designed to assess behavioral inhibition extends to behavioral avoidance but not cognitive avoidance

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Todd Allen
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Avoidance ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Behavioral Avoidance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biased Responding ◽  
Future Work

Avoidance is a common feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as anxiety and depressive disorders. Avoidance can be expressed behaviorally as well as cognitively. Most personality assessments for avoidance involve self-report inventories which are susceptible to biased responding. The avatar task (Myers et al., 2016a) was developed as an objective measure of behavioral inhibition (BI) which is defined as a tendency for avoidance of unfamiliar people and situations. The avatar task has been demonstrated to screen avoidant behaviors related to BI, PTSD, as well as harm avoidance (HA) as measured by the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). In the current work, the avatar task was tested with cognitive as well as behavioral avoidance as measured by the cognitive-behavioral avoidance scale (CBAS; Ottenbreit & Dobson, 2004). The CBAS includes four subscales which measure behavioral social (BS) avoidance, behavioral non-social (BN) avoidance, cognitive social (CS) avoidance, and cognitive non-social (CN) avoidance. It was hypothesized that avatar scores would be significantly positively related to behavioral, but not cognitive, avoidance. In addition, it was also hypothesized that performance on the avatar task would be more related to social than non-social behavioral avoidance. Participants completed the avatar task, the HA scale of the TPQ and the CBAS. Pearson’s product moment correlations revealed that avatar scores were significantly related to CBAS total scores as well as BS and BN scores, but not CS and CN scores. In addition, BS has a stronger relationship with avatar scores than BN avoidance which fits with the social aspects of the scenarios in the avatar task. A median split of the avatar scores produced a significant difference in scores on the behavioral but not the cognitive subscales. Overall, the current results supported the idea that the avatar task is measuring behavioral avoidance, specifically in social situations, rather than cognitive avoidance. Future work could adapt the avatar task to include scenarios similar to the cognitive items on the CBAS to create an objective measure of cognitive avoidance which may be relevant in measuring avoidance in depression and behavioral avoidance associated with PTSD as well as anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Performance Ability of Defibrillator among General Hospital Nurses

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Jin Chae ◽  
Jeong Yun Park
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Performance Ability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Training

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate nurses' knowledge and performance ability of Defibrillator.Methods: The participants in this study were 121 nurses who have been working in a general hospital located in G region. The measuring tools of this study were developed on the basis of guidelines from American Heart Association and Korea Association of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. The knowledge of defibrillator was measured by self-report questionnaire, and the performance ability of defibrillator was measured by observation of the participants. The period of collected date was from May 15 to June 15 in 2016. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 19.0 program.Results: The mean score about knowledge of defibrillator was 2.79±2.42. The mean score about performing ability of defibrillation was 6.44±3.39. The knowledge of defibrillator was a significant difference with age, working area, working carrier, experience of using defibrillator. The performance ability of defibrillator was a significant difference with age, working area, working carrier, experience of using defibrillator. There was a significant positive correlation between knowledge and performance ability of defibrillator.Conclusions: The finding suggests developing the knowledge and the performance ability of defibrillator on going refresher courses and training programs, including the related nursing practice guidelines to improve the knowledge and performance ability of defibrillator.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding Frequency of Primary Healthcare Professionals and Effective Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
EZGİ AGADAYI ◽  
Sanem Nemmezi Karaca ◽  
Gamze Ersen ◽  
Duygu AYHAN BASER ◽  
Hatice Küçükceran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: To determine the frequency of breastfeeding of mothers working in primary care, the differences between different employment groups, and the effective factors. Methods: This descriptive research study was conducted with a self-report online survey design. The snowball sampling method was used for the sample selection, and 151 family physicians and 126 family health professionals were included in the study during the research period (June 2019-December 2019). A 35-item survey was used to collect data. The response rate was 44.9% (49.5% family physicians/40.3% family health professionals). Results: The mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 3.9 ± 2.0 months, and the mean duration of total breastfeeding was 16.7 ± 8.5 months. There was no significant difference between the family physicians and family health professionals in terms of exclusive breastfeeding (P = 0.580) and total breastfeeding (P = 0.325) durations. The most common reasons for weaning was reduced milk supply (25.6%) and not being able to use breastfeeding leave (23.1%) due to problems at work. Of the sample, 41.3% had problems with their co-workers and 41.9% had problems related to patient care when taking breastfeeding leave. Working in a baby-friendly center (P = 0.010), prolonged exclusive breastfeeding (P < 0.001), and increased hours of breastfeeding leave taken (P = 0.001) had a positive effect on breastfeeding for ≥24 months while experiencing problems with co-workers in taking breastfeeding leave (P = 0.023) had a negative effect on this variable. Conclusions: All of the factors that were determined to affect the continuation of breastfeeding for ≥24 months are modifiable. It is very important for relevant authorities to undertake necessary action to improve the conditions of working mothers based on these results. Health professional that can maintain the balance between family and work will work more efficiently.

scholarly journals Tahap Kualiti Pelajar Sekolah Dan Pensyarah Matrikulasi Dalam Menghadapi Meritokrasi Di Kolej Matrikulasi Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusilah Jais ◽  
Norzaini Azman ◽  
Mohammed Sani Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning Environment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Univariate Anova ◽  
The Mean ◽  
College Ministry ◽  
One Way Anova

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti kualiti persediaan pelajar Melayu dan pensyarah kolej matrikulasi Kementerian Pelajaran dalam menghadapi sistem meritokrasi. Secara khusus, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengetahui sama ada terdapat atau tidak perbezaan antara persepsi pelajar dan pensyarah dalam lapan domain berkaitan meritokrasi dan hubungannya dengan pencapaian akademik. Sampel terdiri daripada 1800 pelajar dan 180 pensyarah dari tujuh buah kolej Matrikulasi Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. Data dikumpul mengunakan borang soal selidik pelajar dan pensyarah yang mengandungi tujuh domain yang berkaitan dengan kesediaan pensyarah dan pelajar Melayu terhadap meritokrasi iaitu konsep, perlaksanaan sistem, matlamat/kesan sistem meritokrasi serta pembelajaran pelajar, pengajaran pensyarah dan iklim pembelajaran. Data soalselidik dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 11.5. Analisis ANOVA satu hala, univariate ANOVA dan ujian –t digunakan bagi menjawab hipotesis kajian. Dapatan utama kajian menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan dari segi skor min item kesediaan pelajar antara jenis sekolah terdahulu pelajar. Terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi item kesediaan pensyarah mengikut bidang pengkhususan. Untuk domain ekspektasi, keperluan dan kekangan, terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan antara skor min pelajar dan pensyarah. Begitu juga terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan skor min item berkaitan kualiti, implikasi komitmen dan dorongan pelajar dan pensyarah dalam menghadapi meritokrasi. Keputusan ini menunjukkan wujudnya perbezaan diantara persepsi pelajar dan pensyarah bagi sesetengah aspek kesediaan menghadapi meritokrasi. Kata kunci: Meritokrasi; pelajar matrikulasi; kesediaan pensyarah; kesediaan pelajar; pretasi akademik This study was designed to ascertain the quality of readiness in addressing meritocracy among lecturers and Malays students who attended Matriculation College, Ministry of Education. In particular, this study aims to find out if there are differences between lecturers’ and students’ perception in the eight domains related to meritocracy and achievement. The sample consists of 1800 students and 180 lecturers from seven Matriculation College, Ministry of Education, Malaysia. Data was collected using students’ and lecturers’ self–report questionnaires that comprise seven domains related to meritocracy which include concept of implementation, objective and effect of meritocracy, students learning, lecturers teaching and learning environment. Data was analysed using SPSS version 11. A one–way ANOVA, UNIVARIATE ANOVA and –t test were used in testing the research hypotheses. Pertinent results of the study indicate that there is a significant difference in the students’ mean scores on aspects of readiness based on previous schools. Significant differences are also identified in the mean scores of items related to lecturers’ readiness and their area of specilisation. The findings also show significance difference in the mean score between expectation, needs and constraints between students and lecturers. There are also significant differences of the items on quality, implication of commitment and motivation of students and lecturers in their readiness towards meritocracy. In summary, the results show differences in the students’ and lecturers’ perceptions in some aspects of readiness towards addressing meritocracy. Key words: Meritocracy; matriculation students; lecturers’ readiness; students’ readiness; academic achievements

scholarly journals Avaliação da adesão à terapia imunossupressora por autorrelato de pacientes submetidos ao transplante renal

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 28181
Author(s):  
Dagoberto França Rocha ◽  
Ana Elizabeth Figueiredo ◽  
Simone Travi Canabarro ◽  
Aline Winter Sudbrack
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Self Report ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

***Evaluation of adherence to immunosuppressive therapy by self-report of patients submitted to renal transplantation***AIMS: To evaluate the characteristics and risk factors related to the adherence to immunosuppressive treatment of renal transplant patients using the self-report method by means of the Basel Assessment of Adherence Scale for Immunosuppressives (BAASIS).METHODS: A prospective cohort study with a quantitative approach was performed at the Nephrology and Transplantation Service of São Lucas Hospital of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, with patients older than 18 years, transplanted from kidneys from deceased or living donors, with a minimum transplant time of three months and a maximum of 12 months. The BAASIS instrument was applied to evaluate adhesion. For statistical analysis, Fisher exact test (Monte Carlo simulation) was used to verify the association between the categorical variables, Student t test for independent sample means and Mann Whitney test in the variables without normality. A p<0.05 was adopted for the results to be considered significant.RESULTS: The sample consisted of 59 patients, 57.6% of whom were male, 79.7% were white, the mean age was 45.8 years, 57.6% had elementary school and 72.9% were catholic. Hemodialysis was the most used method, in 86.4% of patients before transplantation, and the mean time in the waiting list was 19.5 months. After transplantation, the mean time of hospitalization was 17.2 days. The assessment of adherence by BAASIS characterized 83% of patients as non-adherent. The main fact considered as non-adherence was to take the immunosuppressive drugs with more than two hours difference from the prescribed time, at least once a week, in the last four weeks. There was no significant difference when the statistical analysis was performed to compare the adhesion rate among the various categories of the demographic and clinical variables of the patients.CONCLUSIONS: A high rate of patients not adherent to the immunosuppressive treatment was identified, and the change in the schedule of immunosuppressants was the main fact that characterized this behavior. A shorter waiting time in the transplant queue was associated with non-adherence. The other variables, demographic and clinical, were not associated to the classification of adherent or non-adherent.

scholarly journals Reference Ranges for Serum Uric Acid among Healthy Assamese People

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhumita Das ◽  
N. C. Borah ◽  
M. Ghose ◽  
N. Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Serum Uric Acid Level ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

This study was designed to establish reference ranges for serum uric acid among healthy adult Assamese population. Samples from 1470 aged 35–86 years were used to establish age and sex related reference range by the centile method (central 95 percentile) for serum uric acid level. There were 51% (n=754) males and 49% (n=716) females; 75.9% (n=1115) of them were from urban area and the rest 24.1% (n=355) were from the rural area. Majority of the population were nonvegetarian (98.6%,n=1450) and only 1.4% (n=20) were vegetarian. The mean age, weight, height, and uric acid of the studied group were53.6±11.3years,62.6±10.5 kg,160±9.4 cm, and5.5±1.4 mg/dL, respectively. There is a statistically significant difference in the mean value of the abovementioned parameters between male and female. The observed reference range of uric acid in the population is 2.6–8.2 mg/dL which is wider than the current reference range used in the laboratory. Except gender (P<0.0001), we did not find any significant relation of uric acid with other selected factors.

scholarly journals Intentional Interactions and Identity Development: Perspectives on Education?

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Michael T. Miller ◽  
David M. Deggs
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
States Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

This study utilized self-report survey data to explore formal, intentional interactions measurably impacting an individual’s identity among three groups in the mid-western United States. Data were collected across three levels: individual college-aged students in late-adolescence or early-adulthood, parents of college students, and adult community citizens. The mean scores of all three groups were compared using ANOVA and revealed no significant difference between the three groups, thus suggesting that students, parents, and community members agree that their direct words influence the actions of others. The results of the study illustrate both the impact and influence of parents on children, that it is difficult to measure inter-relationship between parent and child, and the interactions between these groups can be difficult to measure, suggesting a complicated relationship. However, the study does underscore the profound impact that people around children have on identity development and ultimately student actions.

Serum Folate Measurement by Chemiluminescence in Patients with Paraproteinaemia

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 4193-4193
Author(s):  
Lisa J Wakeman ◽  
John O Lewis ◽  
Keith Morris ◽  
Ann Benton ◽  
Roger C Munro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Paired T Test

Abstract Introduction: Paraproteins cause interference in many assays systems due to increased viscosity and/or by non-specific binding to either analytes or reagents which may variably affect the results. There is abundant evidence to indicate that performance characteristics of automated, competitive protein-binding assays for folate assays are normally sound, but there is a paucity of data comparing folate assays in patients with paraproteinaemia compared to normals. Method: Serum samples were prepared from venous blood taken into Greiner Vacuette containers (code: 456018) in fifty patients with paraproteinaemia (IgG Kappa, n = 20: IgG Lambda, n = 9: IgM Kappa, n = 6: IgM Lambda, n = 4: IgA Kappa, n = 5: IgA Lambda, n = 3: multiclonal, n = 3). Serum folate assays were measured according to manufacturer’s instructions on Beckman-Coulter Access and Abbott Architect haematinics analysers on the day of sample collection. Results: The ratio of means of serum protein concentrations in the paraprotein sub-groups compared to the mean values of age/gender related reference ranges were: IgG = 1.57: IgM = 7.8: IgA = 6.3. Serum albumin concentration was normal in all patients. Mean serum folate results (±1SD) for paraprotein patients and normals controls (laboratory personnel) are shown in the table below: Serum Folate (μg/L) Access Architect paired t-test Normal controls (n = 50) 5.98 (±3.57) 5.01 (±3.14) p&lt;0.05 Paraprotein patients (n = 50) 5.08 (±2.79) 5.01 (±3.03) p0.700 When analysed using the paired-t-test serum folate was significantly different in normal subjects using the Access compared to the Architect. However, no such significant difference between the two systems was observed in the paraproteinaemia group. Although the mean serum folate in normals was higher compared to the paraprotein group as analysed by the Access, this difference was not significant when analysed using the two-sample t-test. Interestingly the mean serum folate when analysed in the two groups using the Architect gave identical mean values. There were no statistically significant differences between the two methods in any of the paraprotein sub-types (p&gt;0.05 in each case). Conclusions: The complex and variable mixture of proteins present in paraproteinaemias pose potential erroneous measurement in immunoassay systems. This is because they may interfere with the associated antigen-antibody reactions which are dependant on complimentary matching shapes being assumed by the antibody variable regions of the immunoglobulin. Despite this, our data using two distinct chemiluminescence analysers for folate measurement indicate no statistically significant difference for this parameter between patients with paraproteinaemia compared to normal controls. However, it has yet to be determined whether differing results between these two groups are generated using different analytical techniques.

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