scholarly journals Changes in Intestinal Microbiota and Predicted Metabolic Pathways During Colonic Fermentation of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)—Based Bar Indigestible Fraction

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbert Gutiérrez-Sarmiento ◽  
Sonia Guadalupe Sáyago-Ayerdi ◽  
Isabel Goñi ◽  
Federico Antonio Gutiérrez-Miceli ◽  
Miguel Abud-Archila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Colonic Fermentation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Indigestible Fraction

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel and pulp are a source of dietary fiber (DF) and phenolic compounds (PCs) that constituent part of the indigestible fraction (IF). This fraction reaches the colon and acts as a carbon and energy source for intestinal microbiota. The effect of mango IF on intestinal microbiota during colonic fermentation is unknown. In this study, the isolated IF of a novel ‘Ataulfo’ mango-based bar (snack) UV-C irradiated and non-irradiated (UVMangoB and MangoB) were fermented. Colonic fermentation occurred in vitro under chemical-enzymatic, semi-anaerobic, batch culture and controlled pH colonic conditions. Changes in the structure of fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16s rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The community´s functional capabilities were determined in silico. The MangoB and UVMangoB increased the presence of Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Eubacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Holdemanella, Catenibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Buttiauxella, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Prevotella and Bacteroides genera. The alpha indexes showed a decrease in microbial diversity after 6 h of colonic fermentation. The coordinates analysis indicated any differences between irradiated and non-irradiated bar. The metabolic prediction demonstrated that MangoB and UVMangoB increase the microbiota carbohydrate metabolism pathway. This study suggests that IF of mango-based bar induced beneficial changes on microbial ecology and metabolic pathway that could be promissory to prevention or treatment of metabolic dysbiosis. However, in vivo interventions are necessary to confirm the interactions between microbiota modulating and intestinal beneficial effects.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effects of Ginger Extract on Polyphenol Profiles and the Subsequent Impact on the Fecal Microbiota by Simulating Digestion and Fermentation In Vitro

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3194
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Xiaosong Hu ◽  
Fengqin Feng ◽  
Luyun Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Mixed Culture Fermentation

The beneficial effects of ginger polyphenols have been extensively reported. However, their metabolic characteristics and health effects on gut microbiota are poor understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the digestion stability of ginger polyphenols and their prebiotic effects on gut microbiota by simulating digestion and fermentation in vitro. Following simulated digestion in vitro, 85% of the polyphenols were still detectable, and the main polyphenol constituents identified in ginger extract are 6-, 8-, and 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol in the digestive fluids. After batch fermentation, the changes in microbial populations were measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. In mixed-culture fermentation with fecal inoculate, digested ginger extract (GE) significantly modulated the fecal microbiota structure and promoted the growth of some beneficial bacterial populations, such as Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus. Furthermore, incubation with GE could elevate the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) accompanied by a decrease in the pH value. Additionally, the quantitative PCR results showed that 6-gingerol (6G), as the main polyphenol in GE, increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium significantly. Therefore, 6G is expected to be a potential prebiotic that improves human health by promoting gut health.

scholarly journals Phytoestrogens: Dietary Intake, Bioavailability, and Protective Mechanisms against Colorectal Neoproliferative Lesions

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Viggiani ◽  
Lorenzo Polimeno ◽  
Alfredo Di Leo ◽  
Michele Barone
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Beta ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Natural Substances

Phytoestrogens are natural substances that have been extensively studied for their beneficial effect on human health. Herein, we analyzed the data of the literature on the role of phytoestrogens in the prevention of colorectal neoproliferative lesions (CNL). Both in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the beneficial effects of phytoestrogens on CNL mainly depend on their ability to bind estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in the intestinal mucosa and counter ER-alpha (ERα) activity. Epidemiological data demonstrate a correlation between the low prevalence of CNL in Eastern populations and the consumption of soy products (phytoestrogen-enriched diet). However, both observational and interventional studies have produced inconclusive results. In our opinion, these discrepancies depend on an inadequate evaluation of phytoestrogen intake (dietary questionnaires were not aimed at establishing phytoestrogen intake) and absorption (depending mainly on the intestinal microbiota of the analyzed subjects). For this reason, in the present review, we performed an overview of phytoestrogen dietary intake and metabolism to offer the reader the opportunity for a better interpretation of the literature. Future prospective trials focusing on the protective effect of phytoestrogens against CNL should take into account both their dietary intake and absorption, considering the effective role of the intestinal microbiota.

scholarly journals In vitro metabolic capacity of carbohydrate degradation by intestinal microbiota of adults and pre-frail elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran An ◽  
Ellen Wilms ◽  
Madelon J. Logtenberg ◽  
Mara P. H. van Trijp ◽  
Henk A. Schols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Frail Elderly ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Metabolic Capacity ◽  
Carbohydrate Degradation ◽  
Degradation Rates

AbstractGlobally increased life expectancy strongly triggered interest to delay the onset of frailty, which has been associated with alterations in compositional and functional characteristics of intestinal microbiota. In the current study, we used an in vitro batch incubation model to compare the metabolic capacity of the faecal microbiota of adults (n = 6) versus pre-frail elderly (n = 6) to degrade various glycosidic carbohydrates, including galacto-oligosaccharides, 2′-fucosyllactose, chicory fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin, and isomalto/malto-polysaccharides. The in vitro metabolic capacity was also compared with an in vivo GOS intervention study based on the same subjects. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and metabolites revealed distinct portions of variation in overall microbiota and metabolite composition during incubation being explained by individuality of the subjects and carbon source. In addition, the age group of the subjects also had significant impact on microbiota variation, carbohydrate degradation and metabolite production. This was accompanied by elevated increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in the microbiota of adults compared to that of pre-frail elderly and significantly decreased effectiveness to degrade galacto-oligosaccharides by the latter group. Altogether, the carbohydrate degradation in elderly was different compared to adults, with some carbohydrates showing decreased degradation rates. Longer interventions periods may be required to enhance bifidobacterial abundance in the microbiota of pre-frail elderly and thereby to obtain associated prebiotic health benefits.

scholarly journals Characterization of Fecal Microbiota with Clinical Specimen Using Long-Read and Short-Read Sequencing Platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7110
Author(s):  
Po-Li Wei ◽  
Ching-Sheng Hung ◽  
Yi-Wei Kao ◽  
Ying-Chin Lin ◽  
Cheng-Yang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Short Read ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Long Read

Accurate and rapid identification of microbiotic communities using 16S ribosomal (r)RNA sequencing is a critical task for expanding medical and clinical applications. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is widely considered a practical approach for direct application to communities without the need for in vitro culturing. In this report, a comparative evaluation of short-read (Illumina) and long-read (Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT)) platforms toward 16S rRNA sequencing with the same batch of total genomic DNA extracted from fecal samples is presented. Different 16S gene regions were amplified, bar-coded, and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq and ONT MinION sequencers and corresponding kits. Mapping of the sequenced amplicon using MinION to the entire 16S rRNA gene was analyzed with the cloud-based EPI2ME algorithm. V3–V4 reads generated using MiSeq were aligned by applying the CLC genomics workbench. More than 90% of sequenced reads generated using distinct sequencers were accurately classified at the genus or species level. The misclassification of sequenced reads at the species level between the two approaches was less substantial as expected. Taken together, the comparative results demonstrate that MinION sequencing platform coupled with the corresponding algorithm could function as a practicable strategy in classifying bacterial community to the species level.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementation with Inulin Modulates the Gut Microbiota and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Prediabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Wang ◽  
Tong Wang ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Xinhua Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Miseq Platform

Aims. Accumulating evidence indicates gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in metabolic disorders, including prediabetes. The prebiotic inulin has been frequently reported to exert beneficial effects on the host metabolism. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with inulin modulates gut microbiota structure in prediabetes, affecting glucose and lipid metabolism. Methods. We performed a prospective single-arm study. A total of 49 subjects with prediabetes (WHO 1999 criteria) were voluntarily enrolled. Each subject received a daily supplement with 15 g of inulin for 6 months. Glucose and lipid metabolic parameters and gut microbiota were analyzed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after inulin intervention. Intestinal microbiota profile was evaluated using the Illumina MiSeq platform based on V3-V4 bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Results. The mean age of 49 subjects was 56.6 ± 6.9 years and BMI was 25.07 ± 3.02 kg/m2. After 24 weeks of prevention, inulin significantly decreased fasting insulin (2.38 ± 0.50 vs. 2.22 ± 0.62, P = 0.03 ) and 2-hour post-OGTT insulin (4.01 ± 0.77 vs. 3.74 ± 0.76, P = 0.02 ) and improved HOMA-IR (1.05 ± 0.53 vs. 0.85 ± 0.66, P = 0.03 ). Gut microbiota analysis indicated that inulin supplement resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriales, Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Anaerostipes both at 3 and 6 months, while with a decrease in the relative abundance of Alistipes. Spearman correlation analysis revealed altered microbial community was associated with glucose and lipids metabolic parameters. Conclusions. Inulin supplementation improves insulin resistance of prediabetes and exerts beneficial effects on modulating the intestinal microbiota composition. These findings suggest that insulin may be a potentially novel and inexpensive intervention for prediabetes.

Phenolic Acids Exert Anticholinesterase and Cognition-Improving Effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Szwajgier ◽  
Ewa Baranowska-Wojcik ◽  
Kamila Borowiec
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Aβ Fibrils

Numerous authors have provided evidence regarding the beneficial effects of phenolic acids and their derivatives against Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this review, the role of phenolic acids as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is discussed, including the structure-activity relationship. In addition, the inhibitory effect of phenolic acids on the formation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) fibrils is presented. We also cover the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies concerning the prevention and treatment of the cognitive enhancement.

scholarly journals Impact of Polyphenolic-Food on Longevity: An Elixir of Life. An Overview

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Rosaria Meccariello ◽  
Stefania D’Angelo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Macromolecular Damage ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Aging and, particularly, the onset of age-related diseases are associated with tissue dysfunction and macromolecular damage, some of which can be attributed to accumulation of oxidative damage. Recently, growing interest has emerged on the beneficial effects of plant-based diets for the prevention of chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Several studies collectively suggests that the intake of polyphenols and their major food sources may exert beneficial effects on improving insulin resistance and related diabetes risk factors, such as inflammation and oxidative stress. They are the most abundant antioxidants in the diet, and their intake has been associated with a reduced aging in humans. Polyphenolic intake has been shown to be effective at ameliorating several age-related phenotypes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, impaired proteostasis, and cellular senescence, both in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, effects of these phytochemicals (either pure forms or polyphenolic-food) are reviewed and summarized according to affected cellular signaling pathways. Finally, the effectiveness of the anti-aging preventive action of nutritional interventions based on diets rich in polyphenolic food, such as the diets of the Blue zones, are discussed.

scholarly journals The Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acids on Cancer

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Dachev ◽  
Jana Bryndová ◽  
Milan Jakubek ◽  
Zdeněk Moučka ◽  
Marian Urban
Keyword(s):  
Potential Effect ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽  
Carcinogenic Activity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
True Value ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Cancer Agent

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are distinctive polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are present in food produced by ruminant animals and they are accumulated in seeds of certain plants. These naturally occurring substances have demonstrated to have anti-carcinogenic activity. Their potential effect to inhibit cancer has been shown in vivo and in vitro studies. In this review, we present the multiple effects of CLA isomers on cancer development such as anti-tumor efficiency, anti-mutagenic and anti-oxidant activity. Although the majority of the studies in vivo and in vitro summarized in this review have demonstrated beneficial effects of CLA on the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells, further experimental work is needed to estimate the true value of CLA as a real anti-cancer agent.

scholarly journals AZP2006, a new promising treatment for Alzheimer’s and related diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Callizot ◽  
C. Estrella ◽  
S. Burlet ◽  
A. Henriques ◽  
C. Brantis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Application ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Central Synapses ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pgrn Level

AbstractProgranulin (PGRN) is a protein with multiple functions including the regulation of neuroinflammation, neuronal survival, neurite and synapsis growth. Although the mechanisms of action of PGRN are currently unknown, its potential therapeutic application in treating neurodegenerative diseases is huge. Thus, strategies to increase PGRN levels in patients could provide an effective treatment. In the present study, we investigated the effects of AZP2006, a lysotropic molecule now in phase 2a clinical trial in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy patients, for its ability to increase PGRN level and promote neuroprotection. We showed for the first time the in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effects of AZP2006 in neurons injured with Aβ1–42 and in two different pathological animal models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and aging. Thus, the chronic treatment with AZP2006 was shown to reduce the loss of central synapses and neurons but also to dramatically decrease the massive neuroinflammation associated with the animal pathology. A deeper investigation showed that the beneficial effects of AZP2006 were associated with PGRN production. Also, AZP2006 binds to PSAP (the cofactor of PGRN) and inhibits TLR9 receptors normally responsible for proinflammation when activated. Altogether, these results showed the high potential of AZP2006 as a new putative treatment for AD and related diseases.

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