scholarly journals Effect of a Nutritional Intervention on the Intestinal Microbiota of Vertically HIV-Infected Children: The Pediabiota Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2112
Author(s):  
Talía Sainz ◽  
María José Gosalbes ◽  
Alba Talavera ◽  
Nuria Jimenez-Hernandez ◽  
Luis Prieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Human Virus ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis

Aims: The gut microbiota exerts a critical influence in the immune system. The gut microbiota of human virus immunodeficiency (HIV)-infected children remains barely explored. We aimed to characterize the fecal microbiota in vertically HIV-infected children and to explore the effects of its modulation with a symbiotic nutritional intervention. Methods: a pilot, double blind, randomized placebo-controlled study including HIV-infected children who were randomized to receive a nutritional supplementation including prebiotics and probiotics or placebo for four weeks. HIV-uninfected siblings were recruited as controls. The V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced in fecal samples. Results: 22 HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and with viral load (VL) <50/mL completed the follow-up period. Mean age was 11.4 ± 3.4 years, eight (32%) were male. Their microbiota showed reduced alpha diversity compared to controls and distinct beta diversity at the genus level (Adonis p = 0.042). Patients showed decreased abundance of commensals Faecalibacterium and an increase in Prevotella, Akkermansia and Escherichia. The nutritional intervention shaped the microbiota towards the control group, without a clear directionality. Conclusions: Vertical HIV infection is characterized by changes in gut microbiota structure, distinct at the compositional level from the findings reported in adults. A short nutritional intervention attenuated bacterial dysbiosis, without clear changes at the community level. Summary: In a group of 24 vertically HIV-infected children, in comparison to 11 uninfected controls, intestinal dysbiosis was observed despite effective ART. Although not fully effective to restore the microbiota, a short intervention with pre/probiotics attenuated bacterial dysbiosis.

scholarly journals Fecal microbiota transplantation in HIV: A pilot placebo-controlled study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Serrano-Villar ◽  
Alba Talavera-Rodríguez ◽  
María José Gosalbes ◽  
Nadia Madrid ◽  
José A. Pérez-Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding

AbstractChanges in the microbiota have been linked to persistent inflammation during treated HIV infection. In this pilot double-blind study, we study 30 HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a CD4/CD8 ratio < 1 randomized to either weekly fecal microbiota capsules or placebo for 8 weeks. Stool donors were rationally selected based on their microbiota signatures. We report that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is safe, not related to severe adverse events, and attenuates HIV-associated dysbiosis. FMT elicits changes in gut microbiota structure, including significant increases in alpha diversity, and a mild and transient engraftment of donor’s microbiota during the treatment period. The greater engraftment seems to be achieved by recent antibiotic use before FMT. The Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families, which are typically depleted in people with HIV, are the taxa more robustly engrafted across time-points. In exploratory analyses, we describe a significant amelioration in the FMT group in intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP), a biomarker of intestinal damage that independently predicts mortality. Gut microbiota manipulation using a non-invasive and safe strategy of FMT delivery is feasible and deserves further investigation. Trial number: NCT03008941.

scholarly journals Environmental Influences on the Human Gut Microbiota: A Longitudinal Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1151-1151
Author(s):  
Marina Brown ◽  
Ginger Reeser ◽  
Leila Shinn ◽  
Matthew Browning ◽  
Andiara Schwingel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soil Dna

Abstract Objectives Urbanization has reduced environmental microorganism exposure, with most Americans spending over 90% of their time indoors. However, gardening remains a viable means of exposure to soil microorganisms and harvesting of edible produce. Accordingly, we aimed to determine relations between gardening, dietary habits, and gut microbiota. Methods Gardening families (N = 10) and non-gardening (control) families (N = 9) were enrolled in a longitudinal pilot trial. Families included two adults and a child (5–18 years) for a total sample size of 54 participants. Fecal samples were collected prior to and at the end of the gardening season. Garden soil samples (n = 9) were collected prior to and at the end of the season. Diet history questionnaires were collected at the beginning and end of the study to measure Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores. Fecal and soil DNA were extracted, sequenced (V4 region of 16S rDNA gene), and analyzed using DADA2 and QIIME2. Alpha diversity measures were assessed, including Faith's phylogenetic diversity (PD) and observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Results Gardening families had significantly more fecal OTUs compared to control families (172.3 ± 44.2 vs. 157.0 ± 44.2, respectively; P = 0.03). Gardening families had greater (P = 0.02) Faith's PD scores and tended (P = 0.08) to have more fecal OTUs than the control group at peak gardening season. In the gardening families, fecal OTUs and Faith's PD were numerically but not statistically greater at the end of the season compared to baseline (all p’s &gt; 0.05). Prior to the gardening season, gardening adults had greater HEI scores compared to control families (57 ± 9.1 vs. 49 ± 8.8, P = 0.03). HEI scores were not different between groups at the end of the study. Conclusions This study revealed that the fecal microbiota of families that garden differs from non-gardening families, and there are detectable changes in the fecal microbial community of gardeners and their family members over the course of the gardening season. Further research is needed to understand the role of diet in these changes and if microbes within the soil move between the soil and gastrointestinal environments. Funding Sources This research was funded by the Christopher Family Foundation Food and Family Grant Program.

scholarly journals Colonization of Supplemented Bifidobacterium breve M-16V in Low Birth Weight Infants and Its Effects on Their Gut Microbiota Weeks Post-administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Horigome ◽  
Ken Hisata ◽  
Toshitaka Odamaki ◽  
Noriyuki Iwabuchi ◽  
Jin-zhong Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Bifidobacterium Breve

The colonization and persistence of probiotics introduced into the adult human gut appears to be limited. It is uncertain, however, whether probiotics can successfully colonize the intestinal tracts of full-term and premature infants. In this study, we investigated the colonization and the effect of oral supplementation with Bifidobacterium breve M-16V on the gut microbiota of low birth weight (LBW) infants. A total of 22 LBW infants (12 infants in the M-16V group and 10 infants in the control group) were enrolled. B. breve M-16V was administrated to LBW infants in the M-16V group from birth until hospital discharge. Fecal samples were collected from each subject at weeks (3.7–9.3 weeks in the M-16V group and 2.1–6.1 weeks in the control group) after discharge. qPCR analysis showed that the administrated strain was detected in 83.3% of fecal samples in the M-16V group (at log10 8.33 ± 0.99 cell numbers per gram of wet feces), suggesting that this strain colonized most of the infants beyond several weeks post-administration. Fecal microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.01), whereas that of Proteobacteria was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.001) in the M-16V group as compared with the control group. Notably, the levels of the administrated strain and indigenous Bifidobacterium bacteria were both significantly higher in the M-16V group than in the control group. Our findings suggest that oral administration of B. breve M-16V led to engraftment for at least several weeks post-administration and we observed a potential overall improvement in microbiota formation in the LBW infants’ guts.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolomic Profiles of Wild and Captive Chinese Monals (Lophophorus lhuysii) 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Jiang ◽  
Xin He ◽  
Marc Valitutto ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Qin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Metabolomic Profile ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background：The Chinese monal (Lophophorus lhuysii) is an endangered bird species, with a wild population restricted to the mountains of southwest China, and only one known captive population in the world. We investigated the fecal microbiota and metabolome of wild and captive Chinese monals to explore differences and similarities in nutritional status and digestive characteristics. An integrated approach combining 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) based metabolomics were used to examine the fecal microbiota composition and the metabolomic profile of Chinese monals. Results: The results showed that the alpha diversity of gut microbes in the wild group were significantly higher than that in the captive group and the core bacterial taxa in the two groups showed remarkable differences at phylum, class, order, and family levels. Metabolomic profiling also revealed differences, mainly related to galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid, bile acid biosynthesis and bile secretion. Furthermore, strong correlations of metabolite types and bacterial genus were detected. Conclusions: There were remarkable differences in the gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profile between wild and captive Chinese monals. This study has established a baseline for a normal gut microbiota and metabolomic profile for wild Chinese monals, thus allowing us to evaluate if differences seen in captive organisms have an impact on their overall health and reproduction.

scholarly journals Influence of pig gut microbiota on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae susceptibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meera Surendran Nair ◽  
Tyson Eucker ◽  
Brian Martinson ◽  
Axel Neubauer ◽  
Joseph Victoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Lung Lesion ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Associated Lesions

Abstract This study investigated the influence of gut microbiome composition in modulating susceptibility to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pigs. Thirty-two conventional M. hyopneumoniae free piglets were randomly selected from six different litters at 3 weeks of age and were experimentally inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae at 8 weeks of age. Lung lesion scores (LS) were recorded 4 weeks post-inoculation (12 weeks of age) from piglet lungs at necropsy. Fecal bacterial community composition of piglets at 3, 8 and 12 weeks of age were targeted by amplifying the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The LS ranged from 0.3 to 43% with an evident clustering of the scores observed in piglets within litters. There were significant differences in species richness and alpha diversity in fecal microbiomes among piglets within litters at different time points (p < 0.05). The dissimilarity matrices indicated that at 3 weeks of age, the fecal microbiota of piglets was more dissimilar compared to those from 8 to 12 weeks of age. Specific groups of bacteria in the gut that might predict the decreased severity of M. hyopneumoniae associated lesions were identified. The microbial shift at 3 weeks of age was observed to be driven by the increase in abundance of the indicator family, Ruminococcaceae in piglets with low LS (p < 0.05). The taxa, Ruminococcus_2 having the highest richness scores, correlated significantly between litters showing stronger associations with the lowest LS (r = −0.49, p = 0.005). These findings suggest that early life gut microbiota can be a potential determinant for M. hyopneumoniae susceptibility in pigs.

scholarly journals Altered fecal microbiota composition in individuals who abuse methamphetamine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongde Yang ◽  
Xuan Yu ◽  
Xuebing Liu ◽  
Guangya Liu ◽  
Kuan Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
New Paradigm

AbstractAs a severe public health problem, methamphetamine (METH) abuse places a heavy burden on families and society. A growing amount of evidence has indicated communication between gut microbiota and the CNS in drug addiction, with associations to neural, endocrine and immune pathways. Thus, we searched for alterations in the gut microbiota and their potential effects in METH users through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A decreased Shannon index indicated lower bacterial diversity in the METH users than in the age-matched control group. The gut microbial community composition in the METH users was also altered, including reductions in Deltaproteobacteria and Bacteroidaceae abundances and increases in Sphingomonadales, Xanthomonadales, Romboutsia and Lachnospiraceae abundances. Moreover, the Fusobacteria abundance was correlated with the duration of METH use. Enterobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium had statistically significant correlations with items related to the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and to general psychopathology in the METH users, and all have previously been reported to be altered in individuals with psychotic syndromes, especially depression. Abstraction, one of the items of the cognitive assessment, was positively related to Blautia. These findings revealed alterations in the gut microbiota of METH users, and these alterations may play a role in psychotic syndrome and cognitive impairment. Although the mechanisms behind the links between these disorders and METH abuse are unknown, the relationships may indicate similarities in the pathogenesis of psychosis induced by METH abuse and other causes, providing a new paradigm for addiction and METH use disorder treatment.

scholarly journals Prebiotic Effects of a Cranberry Beverage in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1190-1190
Author(s):  
Jingcheng Zhao ◽  
Yunhui Qi ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Andrew Severin ◽  
Maryam Sayadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Rrna Gene

Abstract Objectives The objective was to evaluate the prebiotic effects of a milled whole cranberry beverage on modulating the gut microbiota in young adults. Methods Adults (n = 17; ages 18–42 y; BMI 30.5 ± 3.1 kg/m2) were enrolled in a 60-d, two-period, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical study. Throughout the study, participants were fed a standardized 10-d cycle menu on site. During each 20-d treatment period, participants consumed twice daily a whole cranberry or placebo beverage (240 mL per serving). Treatment periods were separated by an 11-wk washout period and preceded by 10-d run-in periods on the controlled study diet. Fecal samples were collected before and after the dietary intervention for bacterial compositional analysis and short-chain fatty acid analysis by LC-MS/MS. The V5-V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene in fecal DNA was amplified and sequenced. Taxonomy was assigned using the q2-feature-classifier in QIIME2 and matched against the Greengenes 13_8 database. Differential abundance was analyzed using ANCOM2 in R. Alpha-diversity was assessed using Faith's PD, Shannon diversity, and observed OTU richness generated by QIIME 2 and compared between treatments using Mann-Whitney U test. Beta-diversity was compared between treatments using PERMANOVA of the weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances between samples generated by QIIME 2. Results Coriobacteriaceae was significantly more abundant after participants consumed the cranberry as compared with the placebo beverage (ANCOM W &gt; 0.7). The clinically-important pathogen Clostridium perfringens was present after consumption of the placebo beverage, but was a structural zero (not present) after consumption of the cranberry beverage. Alpha-diversity, beta-diversity, and fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations did not differ between treatments. Conclusions Daily consumption of a whole cranberry beverage resulted in favorable change in the composition of the gut microbiota and thus showed prebiotic potential. Funding Sources Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc.

scholarly journals Probiotics, Symptoms, and Gut Microbiota: What Are the Relations? A Randomized Controlled Trial in Subjects with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per G. Farup ◽  
Morten Jacobsen ◽  
Solveig C. Ligaarden ◽  
Knut Rudi
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Introduction. Knowledge of the mechanism of action of probiotics in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is imperfect. Objective. This trial aimed at discriminating between a direct effect on the gut wall and an indirect effect caused by modulation of the fecal microbiota. Design. Randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. Material and Methods. Patients with IBS were given one capsule of 1010 CFU L. plantarum MF 1298 or placebo once daily. Symptoms were registered (score 0–15) and feces collected at the end of each period. The gut microbiota was analyzed with 16S rRNA gene analyses and results reported as proportions of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Lachnospiraceae and Simpson’s D diversity score. Results. Sixteen participants (11 women) with a mean age of 50 years (SD 11) were available for the analyses. Intake of L. plantarum MF 1298 was associated with a significant aggravation of symptoms, but neither intake of L. plantarum MF 1298 nor symptoms were associated with the composition of the fecal microbiota (P values >0.10). Conclusions. The trial indicates that the symptomatic aggravation related to intake of L. plantarum MF 1298 was a direct effect of the microbe on the gut wall and not caused by changes in the fecal microbiota.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profiles of wild and captive Chinese monals (Lophophorus lhuysii)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Jiang ◽  
Xin He ◽  
Marc Valitutto ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Qin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Metabolomic Profile ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background The Chinese monal (Lophophorus lhuysii) is an endangered bird species, with a wild population restricted to the mountains in southwest China, and only one known captive population in the world. We investigated the fecal microbiota and metabolome of wild and captive Chinese monals to explore differences and similarities in nutritional status and digestive characteristics. An integrated approach combining 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) based metabolomics were used to examine the fecal microbiota composition and the metabolomic profile of Chinese monals. Results The results showed that the alpha diversity of gut microbes in the wild group were significantly higher than that in the captive group and the core bacterial taxa in the two groups showed remarkable differences at phylum, class, order, and family levels. Metabolomic profiling also revealed differences, mainly related to galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid, bile acid biosynthesis and bile secretion. Furthermore, strong correlations between metabolite types and bacterial genus were detected. Conclusions There were remarkable differences in the gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profile between wild and captive Chinese monals. This study has established a baseline for a normal gut microbiota and metabolomic profile for wild Chinese monals, thus allowing us to evaluate if differences seen in captive organisms have an impact on their overall health and reproduction.

scholarly journals Effects of Infant Formula Supplemented With Prebiotics and OPO on Infancy Fecal Microbiota: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingquan Zhu ◽  
Shuangshuang Zheng ◽  
Kexin Lin ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Lina Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Standard Formula ◽  
Formula Group

Several lines of evidence suggest that the intestinal microbiota plays crucial roles in infant development, and that it is highly influenced by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Prebiotic-containing infant formula may increase gastrointestinal tolerance and improve commensal microbiota composition. However, it remains unknown whether supplementation of milk-formulas with prebiotics and 1,3-olein-2-palmitin (OPO) can achieve feeding outcomes similar to those of breastfeeding. In the present study, we investigated the effects of two kinds of infant formula with different additives on the overall diversity and composition of the fecal microbiota, to determine which was closer to breastfeeding. A total of 108 infants were enrolled, including breastfeeding (n=59) and formula feeding group (n=49). The formula feeding infants were prospectively randomly divided into a standard formula group (n=18), and a supplemented formula group(n=31). The fecal samples were collected at 4 months after intervention. Fecal microbiota analysis targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using MiSeq sequencing. The overall bacterial diversity and composition, key functional bacteria, and predictive functional profiles in the two different formula groups were compared with breastfeeding group. We found that the alpha diversity of the gut microbiota was not significantly different between the OPO and breastfeeding groups with Chaos 1 index (p=0.346). The relative abundances of Enhydrobacter and Akkermansia in the OPO group were more similar to those of the breastfeeding group than to those of the standard formula group. The gut microbiota metabolism function prediction analysis showed that the supplemented formula group was similar to the breastfeeding group in terms of ureolysis (p=0.297). These findings suggest that, when formula supplemented with prebiotics and OPO was given, the overall bacterial diversity and parts of the composition of the fecal microbiota would be similar to that of breastfeeding infants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document