Diet Quality, Food Groups and Nutrients Associated with the Gut Microbiota in a Nonwestern Population

Diet plays an important role in shaping gut microbiota. However, much remains to be learned regarding this association. We analyzed dietary intake and gut microbiota in a community-dwelling cohort of 441 Colombians. Diet quality, intake of food groups and nutrient consumption were paired with microbial diversity and composition using linear regressions, Procrustes analyses and a random-forest machine-learning algorithm. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders, including the five cities from where the participants originated, sex (male, female), age group (18–40 and 41–62 years), BMI (lean, overweight, obese) and socioeconomic status. Microbial diversity was higher in individuals with increased intake of nutrients obtained from plant-food sources, whereas the intake of food groups and nutrients correlated with microbiota structure. Random-forest regressions identified microbial communities associated with different diet components. Two remarkable results confirmed previous expectations regarding the link between diet and microbiota: communities composed of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers were more prevalent in the microbiota of individuals consuming diets rich in fiber and plant-food sources, such as fruits, vegetables and beans. In contrast, an inflammatory microbiota composed of bile-tolerant and putrefactive microorganisms along with opportunistic pathogens thrived in individuals consuming diets enriched in animal-food sources and of low quality, i.e., enriched in ultraprocessed foods and depleted in dietary fiber. This study expands our understanding of the relationship between dietary intake and gut microbiota. We provide evidence that diet is strongly associated with the gut microbial community and highlight generalizable connections between them.

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Dietary Intake of Older Adults in the Kingston Area

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research ◽

10.3148/64.1.2003.16 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 16-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Judith Dewolfe ◽

Kristine Millan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Prescription Medications ◽

Food Groups ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Diet Score

The objectives of this research were to describe the dietary intake and identify risk factors for poor dietary intake in communitydwelling older adults living in the Kingston, Frontenac, and Lennox & Addington Health Unit area. Dietary intake information was collected from a convenience sample of 105 relatively healthy, active older adults (84 women, 21 men) using 24-hour recalls from three non-consecutive days. Risk factors for poor dietary intake were identified through a structured interview. Multiple linear regression was used to generate a model to predict dietary intake, which was measured using a diet score based on Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating. Group averages reflected reasonable diet quality, but some subjects had very low nutrient intakes, particularly of zinc and vitamins B6, B12, and C. On average, women had a lower-than-recommended intake from all food groups, while men consumed adequate amounts of all food groups except milk products. Higher scores indicated better overall diet quality, and the following were significant predictors of a high diet score: “almost always” preparing one’s own meals, food “almost always” or “sometimes/never” tasting good, eating lunch every day, and taking fewer prescription medications. This model requires validation with a larger and more diverse population of community-dwelling older adults.

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Association between Ready-to-Eat Cereal Consumption and Nutrient Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Diet Quality in Adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11122952 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2952

Author(s):

Yong Zhu ◽

Neha Jain ◽

Vipra Vanage ◽

Norton Holschuh ◽

Anne Hermetet Agler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

National Health ◽

Diet Quality ◽

The United States ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Food Groups ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Health And Nutrition

This study examined differences in dietary intake between ready-to-eat cereal eaters and non-eaters in adults from the United States. Participants (n = 5163) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016 were included. One-day dietary recall was used to define ready-to-eat cereal consumption status and estimate dietary intake in eaters and non-eaters. Data from Food Patterns Equivalent Database 2015–2016 were used to compare intakes of food groups by consumption status. Diet quality was assessed by Healthy Eating Index 2015. Nineteen percent of US adults were ready-to-eat cereal eaters; they had a similar level of energy intake as non-eaters, but they had significantly higher intake of dietary fiber, and several vitamins and minerals, such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D. They were also more likely to meet nutrient recommendations. Compared to non-eaters, ready-to-eat cereal eaters had the same level of added sugar intake but they had significantly higher intake of whole grains, total fruits, and dairy products. The diet quality of ready-to-eat cereal eaters was significantly higher than that of non-eaters. The study supports that ready-to-eat cereal eaters have better dietary intake with a healthier dietary pattern than non-eaters in the United States.

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Foods contributing to sodium intake and urinary sodium excretion in a group of Australian women

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980012004016 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 1837-1842 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jennifer B Keogh ◽

Kylie Lange ◽

Rebecca Hogarth ◽

Peter M Clifton

Keyword(s):

Sodium Intake ◽

Meat Products ◽

South Australia ◽

Community Setting ◽

Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Food Sources ◽

Food Groups ◽

Creatinine Excretion ◽

Food Records

AbstractObjectivesTo identify food sources of Na in a group of community-dwelling women in Adelaide, South Australia. A secondary aim was to measure Na excretion in this group.DesignSurvey.SettingCommunity setting, Adelaide, South Australia.SubjectsSeventy healthy women (mean age 48·6 (sd8·1) years, mean BMI 28·6 (sd6·3) kg/m2) living in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia and participating in a validation study of an FFQ. Dietary intake was derived from two 4 d weighed food records. Foods from the 4 d weighed food records were grouped according to foods or food groups to establish contributors to Na intake. Na excretion was measured in two 24 h urine samples. Completeness of urine collections was verified using creatinine excretion.ResultsBread alone contributed 19·0 % of Na intake, with an overall contribution from the breads and cereals group of 32·5 %. Meat products contributed 14·4 % of intake, the dairy and eggs group (excluding cheese) 9·6 % and combination dishes (e.g. pizza, quiche, sandwiches and stir fry dishes) 8·4 %. Na excretion was 126 (sd42) mmol/d, i.e. approximately 7·6 (sd2.5) g salt/d. Seventy per cent of participants (n48) had Na excretion ≥100 mmol/d (146 (sd34) mmol/d).ConclusionsEffective Na reduction could be achieved by reducing the amount in staple foods such as bread and meat products.

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Physical fitness in community‐dwelling older adults is linked to dietary intake, gut microbiota, and metabolomic signatures

Aging Cell ◽

10.1111/acel.13105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Josué L. Castro‐Mejía ◽

Bekzod Khakimov ◽

Łukasz Krych ◽

Jacob Bülow ◽

Rasmus L. Bechshøft ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

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NUTRITIONAL ADEQUACY AND ORAL NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTATION IN OLDER COMMUNITY-DWELLING ADULTS

Journal of Aging Research and Lifestyle ◽

10.14283/jarcp.2019.2 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

L. McKeever ◽

I.C. Farrar ◽

S. Sulo ◽

J. Partridge ◽

P. Sheean ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Contextual Factors ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Poor Diet ◽

Inadequate Dietary Intake ◽

Hispanic White

Background: Older adults (65 years and older) comprise a high-risk group that are susceptible to the development of malnutrition. Dietary intake and diet quality represent key modifiable risk factors to help prevent and to treat declines in nutrition status, with oral nutritional supplements (ONS) often being a cost-effective therapy for many to increase protein and caloric intake. The DETERMINE Checklist offers a series of questions capable of mapping the initial landscape of contextual factors that influence the dietary patterns of the at-risk populations. Objectives: To examine independent predictors of inadequate dietary intake and poor diet quality amongst a multi-ethnic sample of urban community-dwelling older adults in an effort to identify target groups of participants that could benefit most from an ONS intervention. Design: Cross-sectional. Participants: Chicago, Illinois, United States urban residents greater than 55 years of age who self-reported to be non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, or Hispanic. Methods: Telephone surveys were conducted to obtain basic demographic information. The DETERMINE Checklist was administered to (1) characterize participants’ nutritional risk, and (2) identify participants with inadequate intake and/or poor diet quality. Predictors of inadequate intake, defined as any participant who reported either to eat less than two meals per day and/or poor diet quality, defined as any participant who reported to eat few fruits, vegetables or dairy were used to identify groups of participants who could benefit most from ONS consumption. Mantel-Hanzel chi square, Breslow-day tests, and logistic regressions were conducted. Results: 1001 ethnically diverse participants were interviewed (37% non-Hispanic White, 37% non-Hispanic Black, and 26% Hispanic). Respondents were predominantly female (69%) with a mean age of 66.9 (± 6.4) years. The majority were found to be at either moderate or high nutrition risk (78.7%). Domains of the DETERMINE Checklist that predicted either inadequate dietary intake or poor diet quality included social isolation, lower levels of educational attainment, food insecurity, limitations in activities of daily living (ADL), polypharmacy, or three or more alcoholic drinks per day. Of the participants who met the criteria as those who would benefit from ONS, less than 50% had reported consuming ONS in the past six months. Conclusion: Older community-dwelling adults living in an urban setting, especially those with social isolation, lower levels of education, food insecurity, limitations with ADLs, polypharmacy, and those reporting heavy alcohol intake represent a population who could benefit from consuming ONS. Efforts should be made towards further understanding these contextual factors and providing nutrition education along with an ONS intervention that could be beneficial to supplement dietary inadequacies in this population.

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197Assessment of Depression, Anxiety and Fatigue in relation to diet quality in Multiple Sclerosis

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.585 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Alice Saul ◽

Bruce Taylor ◽

Steve Simpson ◽

Wendy Oddy ◽

Ingrid van der Mei

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Depression Score ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cancer Council ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Background Many people with multiple sclerosis (MS) modify their dietary intake, but there is low evidence that this influences MS disease activity or progression. We examined whether indices of diet quality (Dietary Quality Tracker and Australian Recommended Food Score) were associated with depression, anxiety and fatigue using a prospective cohort. Methods The Auslong Study participants were followed annually for 10 years (n = 223 with MS at 10 years). Depression & anxiety (Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale, HADS) and fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale) were assessed at the 5th and 10th-year reviews. Dietary intake in the preceding 12 months using the Cancer Council Victoria Food Frequency Questionnaire was assessed at the baseline, 5th and 10th year reviews. Results Overall diet quality at the 5th-year review was not associated with a change in depression, anxiety or fatigue in the subsequent 5 years. However, a higher intake of protein, grain and discretionary foods at the 5th-year review using the Dietary Quality Tracker were associated with an increase in HADS depression score over the subsequent 5 years (e.g. highest vs lowest quartile protein: β=2.14,95%CI=0.91,3.37,p<0.001). Also, a higher legume intake at the 5th-year review was associated with a decrease in HADS anxiety score over the subsequent 5 years( e.g. highest vs lowest quartile: β=-1.92,95%CI=-3.32,-0.53,p=0.01). Conclusion Overall diet quality was not associated with a subsequent change in depression, anxiety or fatigue over 5-years but some specific food groups were associated with depression and anxiety. Replication is required before testing these findings with diet intervention programs in people with MS. Key messages Overall diet quality was not associated with 5-year change in depression, anxiety and fatigue in people with MS. However, some individual food groups were associated with a change in depression and anxiety.

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Latent profile analysis of dietary intake in a community-dwelling sample of older Americans

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019001496 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 243-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nicholas J Bishop ◽

Krystle E Zuniga ◽

Christina M Ramirez

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Latent Profile Analysis ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Economic Resources ◽

Food Groups ◽

Older Americans ◽

Latent Profile

AbstractObjective:To estimate latent dietary profiles in a community-dwelling sample of older Americans and identify associations between dietary profile membership and individual demographic, socio-economic and health characteristics.Design:Secondary analysis of the 2012 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and linked 2013 Health Care and Nutrition Study (HCNS). Latent profile analysis identified mutually exclusive subgroups of dietary intake and bivariate analyses examined associations between dietary profile membership, participant characteristics and nutrient intakes.Setting:USA.Participants:An analytic sample of 3558 adults aged 65 years or older.Results:Four dietary profiles were identified with 15·5 % of the sample having a ‘Healthy’ diet, 42·0 % consuming a ‘Western’ diet, 29·7 % having a diet consisting of high intake of all food groups and 12·7 % reporting relatively low intake of all food groups. Members of the ‘Healthy’ profile reported the greatest socio-economic resources and health, and members of the ‘Low Intake’ profile had the fewest resources and worst health outcomes. Macronutrient and micronutrient intakes varied across profile although inadequate and excessive intakes of selected nutrients were observed for all profiles.Conclusions:We identified dietary patterns among older Americans typified by either selective intake of foods or overall quantity of foods consumed, with those described as ‘Low Intake’ reporting the fewest socio-economic resources, greatest risk of food insecurity and the worst health outcomes. Limitations including the presence of measurement error in dietary questionnaires are discussed. The causes and consequences of limited dietary intake among older Americans require further study and can be facilitated by the HRS and HCNS.

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Impacts of Habitual Diets Intake on Gut Microbial Counts in Healthy Japanese Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12082414 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2414

Author(s):

Takuya Sugimoto ◽

Tatsuichiro Shima ◽

Ryuta Amamoto ◽

Chiaki Kaga ◽

Yukiko Kado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Positive Association ◽

Gut Bacteria ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Food Groups ◽

Japanese Adults ◽

Α Diversity ◽

The Relationship

Although diet is an important factor influencing gut microbiota, there are very few studies regarding that relationship in Japanese people. Here, we analyzed the relationship between habitual dietary intake surveyed by food frequency questionnaire and the quantitative features of gut bacteria by quantitative PCR and next generation sequencer in 354 healthy Japanese adults. The α-diversity of gut microbiota was positively correlated with the intake of mushrooms and beans and negatively correlated with the intake of grains. The β-diversity was significantly associated with the intake of fruits, mushrooms, seaweeds, seafoods, and alcoholic beverages. Multiple linear regression analysis of the relationship between food groups associated with the diversity of gut microbiota and the number of gut bacteria at the genus level found 24 significant associations, including a positive association between alcoholic beverages and the number of Fusobacterium. These results support that habitual dietary intake influenced the diversity of gut microbiota and was strongly associated with the number of specific gut bacteria. These results will help us to understand the complex relationship between habitual diet and gut microbiota of the Japanese.

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Distance from the nearest grocery stores and frequency of store-specific shopping are associated with dietary intake frequency among the community-dwelling independent elderly population

Nutrition and Health ◽

10.1177/0260106020923806 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 197-207

Author(s):

Shinji Iizaka ◽

Emiko Koitabashi ◽

Takako Negishi ◽

Aki Kawamura ◽

Yuzuru Iizuka

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Elderly People ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Grocery Stores ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Suburban Cities

Background: Low accessibility to grocery stores may change dietary habits and increase health problems for elderly people living in communities. Aim: This study investigated whether the distance from the nearest grocery stores, including supermarkets, convenience stores, and drugstores, and the frequency of store-specific shopping were associated with dietary intake frequency among elderly people. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two towns of suburban cities. A total of 177 people aged ≥65 years were recruited ( M age=76.7 years). The frequency of intake of 10 food groups and dietary variety scores (DVS) were evaluated. Distances from the districts to the nearest grocery stores and the frequency of shopping during a week at each store were evaluated using a geographic information system. Results: For supermarkets, people living <300 metres from the nearest supermarket showed a higher intake frequency of fruit ( p=0.024) and oil/fat ( p=0.045), and those shopping three or more times a week showed a higher intake frequency of meat ( p=0.025). In the case of drugstores, people shopping one or more times a week showed a higher intake frequency of eggs ( p=0.006) and oil/fat ( p=0.048). People living <300 m from the nearest supermarkets ( p=0.048) and drugstores ( p=0.047) showed higher DVS than those living ≥500 m from the nearest supermarkets and drugstores. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that shopping at supermarkets and drugstores is associated with dietary intake frequency and dietary quality for elderly people living in suburban cities.

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