scholarly journals The Role of Early Programming and Early Nutrition on the Development and Progression of Celiac Disease: A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3427
Author(s):  
Rafael Martín-Masot ◽  
Javier Diaz-Castro ◽  
Jorge Moreno-Fernandez ◽  
Víctor Manuel Navas-López ◽  
Teresa Nestares
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
World Population ◽  
Early Nutrition ◽  
Early Programming ◽  
Increased Risk

Experimental and epidemiological evidence has shown that modifications of the intrauterine environment can have deleterious consequences for individuals, expressed as an increased risk of suffering non-communicable pathologies in adult life, which is known as the hypothesis of the early origin of diseases or fetal programming. On the other hand, changes in gene expression patterns through epigenetic modifications can be the basis for long-term maintenance of the effects of fetal programming. In this sense, epigenetics comprises the study of intrauterine disturbances, which develop diseases in the adult, including celiac disease (CD). In addition, early feeding practices could influence the risk of CD development, such as breastfeeding timing and duration and age of gluten introduction in the diet. Gluten acts as a trigger for CD in genetically predisposed subjects, although approximately 30% of the world population has HLA DQ2 or DQ8, the prevalence of the disease is only 1–3%. It is not known what factors act to modify the risk of disease in genetically at-risk subjects. Taking into account all these considerations, the aim of the current review is to elucidate the role of early programming and the effect of early nutrition on the development and progression of CD. It is logical that attention has been paid to gluten as a key element in preventing the disease. However, there is no strong evidence in favor of the protective factor of breastfeeding, timing of introduction of gluten during lactation, and the development of CD. Diet, genetic risk, microbiota, and environmental interaction are possible triggers of the change in tolerance to an immune response to gluten, but large-scale cohort studies are needed. Emerging scientific concepts, such as epigenetics, may help us establish the role of these factors.

scholarly journals The Role of Early Programming and Early Nutrition on the Development and Progression of Celiac Disease: a review.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Martín-Masot ◽  
Javier Diaz-Castro ◽  
Jorge Moreno-Fernandez ◽  
Víctor Manuel Navas-López ◽  
Teresa Nestares
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
World Population ◽  
Early Nutrition ◽  
Early Programming ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Disease

Experimental and epidemiological evidence has shown that modifications of the intrauterine environment can have deleterious consequences for individuals, expressed as an increased risk of suffering non-communicable pathologies in adult life, which is known as the hypothesis of the early origin of diseases or programming fetal. On the other hand, changes in gene expression patterns through epigenetic modifications can be the basis for long-term maintenance of the effects of fetal programming. In this sense, epigenetics comprises the study of intrauterine disturbances, which develop diseases in the adult, including Celiac Disease (CD). In addition, early feeding practices could influence the risk of CD development, such as breastfeeding timing and duration and age at gluten introduction in the diet. Gluten acts as a trigger for CD in genetically predisposed subjects, although approximately 30% of the world population has HLA DQ2 or DQ8, the prevalence of the disease is only 1-3%. It is not known what factors act to modify the risk of disease in genetically at risk subjects. Taking into account all these considerations, the aim of the current review is to elucidate the role of early programming and the effect of early nutrition on the development and progression of CD.

scholarly journals Mechanisms Involved in Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Primary and Secondary Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Risk in the Adult Life of Offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A741-A742
Author(s):  
Domingo Mugnolo ◽  
Erica Giraldo ◽  
Maria Perez Lana ◽  
Susana Beatriz Campeni
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders that affects between 5- 10% of women of reproductive age. It is currently considered a complex and multifactorial disease with metabolic, cardiovascular implications and represents per se an increased cancer risk. PATIENTS with PCOS routinely have menstrual disorders, hyperandrogenism, infertility and reproductive complications such as recurrent abortions, gestational diabetes, intrauterine growth restriction, pregnancy induced hypertension that give rise to underweight newborns and condition metabolic diseases to adult life and increased risk of cancer, especially breast and endometrial cancer. Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism are the most important etiopathogenic factors in PCOS. On the other hand, subjects exposed to an adverse microenvironment in the intrauterine stage develop compensating responses to survive, a process called fetal programming. Prenatal exposure to androgens and/or insulin resistance may act as fetal programming factors and cause restriction of intrauterine growth, obesity and insulin resistance in offspring. Newborn may have an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, increased incidence of hypertensive, type 2 diabetes, heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Prevention of these complications will be achieved if women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome are treated appropriately throughout their lives, but especially before and during their pregnancy. Only in this way can the risk of them be reduced, representing a better quality and greater life expectancy.

scholarly journals Impact of Oxidative Stress in Fetal Programming

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren P. Thompson ◽  
Yazan Al-Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Specific Target ◽  
Increased Risk

Intrauterine stress induces increased risk of adult disease through fetal programming mechanisms. Oxidative stress can be generated by several conditions, such as, prenatal hypoxia, maternal under- and overnutrition, and excessive glucocorticoid exposure. The role of oxidant molecules as signaling factors in fetal programming via epigenetic mechanisms is discussed. By linking oxidative stress with dysregulation of specific target genes, we may be able to develop therapeutic strategies that protect against organ dysfunction in the programmed offspring.

scholarly journals Metabolic Derangement in Pediatric Patient with Obesity: The Role of Ketogenic Diet as Therapeutic Tool

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2805
Author(s):  
Valeria Calcaterra ◽  
Elvira Verduci ◽  
Martina Chiara Pascuzzi ◽  
Vittoria Carlotta Magenes ◽  
Giulia Fiore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Pediatric Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Metabolic Derangement ◽  
Increased Risk

Obesity is defined as a condition characterized by an excessive fat accumulation that has negative health consequences. Pediatric obesity is associated with an increased risk for many diseases, including impaired glycemic and lipidic control that may lead to the development of chronic, and potentially disabling, pathologies, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular events, in adult life. The therapeutic strategy initially starts with interventions that are aimed at changing lifestyle and eating behavior, to prevent, manage, and potentially reverse metabolic disorders. Recently, the ketogenic diet (KD) has been proposed as a promising dietary intervention for the treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors related to obesity in adults, and a possible beneficial role has also been proposed in children. KD is very low in carbohydrate, high in fat, and moderate to high in protein that may have the potential to promote weight loss and improve lipidic derangement, glycemic control, and insulin sensitivity. In this review, we present metabolic disorders on glycemic and lipidic control in children and adolescents with obesity and indication of KD in pediatrics, discussing the role of KD as a therapeutic tool for metabolic derangement. The results of this review may suggest the validity of KD and the need to further research its potential to address metabolic risk factors in pediatric obesity.

scholarly journals Frequency Distribution of COMT Polymorphisms in Greek Patients with Schizophrenia and Controls: A Study of SNPs rs737865, rs4680, and rs165599

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotrotsou Maria ◽  
Touloumis Charalampos ◽  
Dido Vassilakopoulou ◽  
Syriou Stavroula ◽  
Kalampoki Vasiliki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Greek Population ◽  
World Population ◽  
Psychiatric Condition ◽  
Increased Risk

Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric condition, is characterized by disturbances of cognition, emotion, and social functioning. The disease affects almost 1% of world population. Recent studies evaluating the role of catechol-O-methyltransferase enzyme (COMT) polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia have resulted in ambiguous findings. The current study examined the association of schizophrenia with three COMT polymorphisms, namely, rs737865, rs4680, and rs165599 in a Greek population. There was no significant association between schizophrenia and any of the three SNPs examined. However, haplotype analysis showed that cases have higher frequency of the T-A-A haplotype, and participants with that haplotype were at increased risk for developing schizophrenia (OR = 1.52; CL : 1.12–2.08; ). Furthermore, patients with schizophrenia displayed an excess of TC/AA/AA and the TT/AA/GA genotypes. Similarly a protective effect of TT/GG/GG and TT/GA/GG was suggested by our results.

scholarly journals The Role of Age and Excess Body Mass Index in Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in At-Risk Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 4596-4603
Author(s):  
Christine T Ferrara ◽  
Susan M Geyer ◽  
Carmella Evans-Molina ◽  
Ingrid M Libman ◽  
Dorothy J Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diabetes Progression ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Given the global rise in both type 1 diabetes incidence and obesity, the role of body mass index (BMI) on type 1 diabetes pathophysiology has gained great interest. Sustained excess BMI in pediatric participants of the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention (PTP) cohort increased risk for progression to type 1 diabetes, but the effects of age and obesity in adults remain largely unknown. Objective To determine the effect of age and sustained obesity on the risk for type 1 diabetes in adult participants in the TrialNet PTP cohort (i.e., nondiabetic autoantibody-positive relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes). Research Design and Methods Longitudinally accumulated BMI >25 kg/m2 was calculated to generate a cumulative excess BMI (ceBMI) for each participant, with ceBMI values ≥0 kg/m2 and ≥5 kg/m2 representing sustained overweight or obese status, respectively. Recursive partitioning analysis yielded sex- and age-specific thresholds for ceBMI that confer the greatest risk for type 1 diabetes progression. Results In this cohort of 665 adults (age 20 to 50 years; median follow-up, 3.9 years), 49 participants developed type 1 diabetes. Age was an independent protective factor for type 1 diabetes progression (hazard ratio, 0.95; P = 0.008), with a threshold of >35 years that reduced risk for type 1 diabetes. In men age >35 years and women age <35 years, sustained obesity (ceBMI ≥5 kg/m2) increased the risk for type 1 diabetes. Conclusions Age is an important factor for type 1 diabetes progression in adults and influences the impact of elevated BMI, indicating an interplay of excess weight, age, and sex in adult type 1 diabetes pathophysiology.

A Descriptive Analysis of Psychological Factors and Childhood Trauma in a Sample of Suicide Attempters

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S292-S292
Author(s):  
C. Delicato ◽  
E. Gattoni ◽  
S. Di Marco ◽  
A. Venesia ◽  
C. Vecchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Coping

IntroductionChildhood trauma, especially sexual abuse, is associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior. However, studies also show that according to the stress-vulnerability model, not all individual exposed to this kind of trauma exhibit suicidal behaviors as some protective factors could diminish the aforementioned risk, such as personality factors. Resilience might be one such a protective factor. Furthermore, there has been growing evidence to support the role of impulsive and aggressive behavior in the risk of suicide.ObjectivesTo compare suicide attempters to non-suicide attempters (patients admitted for any other reason) for as far as psychological features and childhood trauma. To verify the role of resilience and coping strategies as protective factor for suicide attempt, mitigating the risk of an individual who has experienced childhood trauma.MethodsWe recruited patients referred to the inpatient and outpatient facilities of psychiatry ward of “Maggiore della Carità” hospital in Novara during the period November 2015–December 2016. We included all patients from 18 to 65 years with a psychiatric disorder that met DSM–5 diagnostic criteria. For the analysis, we divided patients into two subgroups according to the presence/absence of suicidal behaviors. The assessment included: Resilience Scale for Adult (RSA), Brief cope, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), temperament and character inventory (TCI).Results and discussionAlthough, the recruitment is still ongoing preliminary results seem to confirm the role of resilience and coping strategies as protective factor mitigating the risk of an individual who has experienced childhood trauma from making a suicide attempt.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Effect of bioimpedance-defined overhydration parameters on mortality and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052110310
Author(s):  
Yajie Wang ◽  
Zejuan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Prediction Of Mortality ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Body

Objective To evaluate the role of bioimpedance-defined overhydration (BI-OH) parameters in predicting the risk of mortality and cardiovascular (CV) events in patients undergoing dialysis. Methods We searched multiple electronic databases for studies investigating BI-OH indicators in the prediction of mortality and CV events through 23 May 2020. We assessed the effect of BI-OH indexes using unadjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Sensitivity analysis was used for each outcome. Results We included 55 studies with 104,758 patients in the meta-analysis. Extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW) >0.4 (HR 5.912, 95% CI: 2.016–17.342), ECW/intracellular water (ICW) for every 0.01 increase (HR 1.041, 95% CI: 1.031–1.051), and OH/ECW >15% (HR 2.722, 95% CI: 2.005–3.439) increased the risk of mortality in patients receiving dialysis. ECW/TBW >0.4 (HR 2.679, 95% CI: 1.345–5.339) and ECW/ICW per increment of 10% (HR 1.032, 95% CI: 1.017–1.047) were associated with an increased risk of CV events in patients undergoing dialysis. A 1-degree increase in phase angle was a protective factor for both mortality (HR 0.676, 95% CI: 0.474–0.879) and CV events (HR 0.736, 95% CI: 0.589–0.920). Conclusions BI-OH parameters might be independent predictors for mortality and CV events in patients undergoing dialysis.

scholarly journals Role of the polymorphiс variants of immune response and inflammation genes in pathogenesis of ovarian cancer in women of different ethnic origin

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Э.Т. Мингажева ◽  
Д.С. Прокофьева ◽  
Я.В. Валова ◽  
А.Х. Нургалиева ◽  
Р.Р. Валиев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Il18 Gene

Рак яичников (РЯ) занимает одно из лидирующих мест среди онкопатологии репродуктивной сферы у женщин. Высокие показатели заболеваемости и смертности от данного вида рака свидетельствуют о необходимости более глубокого понимания молекулярно-генетических основ заболевания для разработки новых подходов к диагностике и лечению РЯ. В последнее время при исследовании патогенеза злокачественных новообразований яичников большой интерес ученых во всем мире вызывает изучение роли генов иммунного ответа и воспаления. В статье представлены результаты исследования роли аллельных вариантов генов NFKB1 (rs28362491), IL6 (rs1800795), IL18 (rs1946518) и IL23R (rs7517847, rs10889677) в патогенезе РЯ у женщин из Республики Башкортостан. Материалом для работы послужили образцы ДНК женщин с установленным диагнозом «рак яичников» (n=238) и здоровых индивидов (n=284). Генотипирование образцов ДНК проводили методами полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) с последующим анализом полиморфизма длин рестрикционных фрагментов и аллель-специфичной ПЦР. Установлено, что генетическими маркерами риска развития рака яичников для женщин русской этнической принадлежности пременопаузального возраста являются генотипы rs28362491*ID в гене NFKB1 и rs1946518*СA в гене IL18. Носительство генотипов rs1800795*GG в гене IL6 и rs10889677*CС в гене IL23R для женщин татарской этнической принадлежности в постменопаузе является протективным фактором. Для татар с генотипом rs10889677*CА в гене IL23R в постменопаузе, напротив, было показано повышение риска развития заболевания. К маркерам пониженного риска развития РЯ у русских также можно отнести генотип rs1946518 *AA в гене IL18, который был отмечен как протективный фактор для женщин как в пре-, так и постменопаузе, а также у больных данной онкопатологией с начальными и запущенными стадиями заболевания. При сравнительном анализе распределения частот аллелей и генотипов полиморфного варианта rs7517847 в гене IL23R среди больных РЯ и здоровых доноров статистически значимых различий между исследуемыми группами не обнаружено. Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common malignancyof the female reproductive system. High rates of morbidity and mortality from this type of cancer indicate the need for a deeper understanding of the molecular genetic basis of the disease, which in turn will contribute to the development of new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of OC. Recently, when studying the pathogenesis of malignant neoplasms of the ovaries, a great interest of scientists around the world is directed to studying the role of the immune response and inflammation genes in the development of the OC. At this work presents the results of the study of the role of the polymorphic loci of the genes NFKB1 (rs28362491), IL6 (rs1800795), IL18 (rs1946518) and IL23R (rs7517847, rs10889677) in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer in women from the Republic of Bashkortostan.The material for the work was the DNA samples of women with an established diagnosis of ovarian cancer (n = 238) and healthy individuals (n = 284). Genotyping of DNA samples was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism and allele-specific PCR. It has been established that the genetic markers of the risk of developing ovarian cancer for women of Russian ethnicity at premenopausal age are the genotypes rs28362491* ID in the NFKB1 gene and rs1946518 * CA in the IL18 gene. The carrier of the rs1800795 * GG genotypes in the IL6 gene and rs10889677 * CС in the IL23R gene for post-menopausal women of Tatar ethnicity is a protective factor. For Tatars with the rs10889677 * CA genotype in the IL23R postmenopausal gene, on the contrary, an increased risk of developing the disease was shown. Markers of a reduced risk of developing ovarian cancer in Russians can also include the rs1946518 * AA genotype in the IL18 gene, which was noted as a protective factor for women in both pre- and postmenopausal women, as well as in patients with this oncopathology with initial and advanced stages of the disease. A comparative analysis of the frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes of the polymorphic variant rs7517847 in the IL23R gene among patients with OC and healthy donors did not reveal statistically significant differences between the studied groups.

scholarly journals Intrauterine nutrition: fetal programming of metabolic syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Khadzhimuratovna Dzgoeva
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Early Programming

Research investigating the early programming includes studies addressing the role of intrauterine nutrient availability, which is determined by maternal nutrition. This review will explore the epidemiological evidence for programming of metabolic disease and it will also discuss evidence for the proposed molecular mechanisms and the potential for intervention.

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