scholarly journals Epigenome-Wide Association of Infant Feeding and Changes in DNA Methylation from Birth to 10 Years

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Yamini Mallisetty ◽  
Nandini Mukherjee ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Su Chen ◽  
Susan Ewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Feeding Modes

Epigenetic factors have been suggested as mediators of early-life nutrition to future health. Prior studies focused on breastfeeding effects on DNA methylation (DNAm), ignoring other feeding modes. In this analysis of the Isle of Wight birth cohort, feeding modes were categorized as exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), exclusive formula feeding (EFF), and mixed feeding based on whether the respective feeding mode lasted for at least 3 months. In addition, in the past, infant feeding modes were assessed using DNAm at one time point in childhood, not changes of DNAm. In this paper, methylation differences (delta DNAm) were calculated by subtracting residual methylation values at birth from age 10 years (adjusting for cell types and season of blood collection at both ages). These deltas were estimated for all methylation sites where cytosine was followed by guanine (cytosine guanine dinucleotide (CpG) sites). Then, we performed an epigenome-wide association study contrasting EBF, EFF, and mixed feeding with delta DNAm that represents changes in methylation from birth to 10 years. A total of 87 CpGs (EBF: 27 CpGs, EFF: 48 CpGs, mixed: 12 CpGs) were identified using separate linear regression models adjusting for confounders and multiple testing. The sum of all changes in methylation from birth to age 10 years was significantly lower in the EFF group. Correspondingly, the number of CpGs with a methylation decline was 4.7% higher reflecting 13,683 CpGs. Lower methylation related to exclusive formula feeding and its adverse potential for the child’s development needs future research to reduce adverse health effects.

Association Between Infant Feeding Modes and Gastroesophageal Reflux: A Repeated Measurement Analysis of the Infant Feeding Practices Study II

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Lin Chen ◽  
Nelís Soto-Ramírez ◽  
Hongmei Zhang ◽  
Wilfried Karmaus
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Repeated Measurement ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Feeding Modes ◽  
Risk Ratios

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux in neonates is frequently reported by parents, potentially motivating changes in infant feeding mode and/or addition of solid food. Objective: The authors prospectively analyzed associations between repeated measurement of feeding modes and reflux in infancy. Methods: The Infant Feeding Practices Study II, conducted between 2005 and 2007 (2,841 infants), provides data on reflux and feeding modes at nine time points from months 1 to 12. Feeding modes were defined based on direct breastfeeding, feeding of bottled human milk, formula feeding, their combinations, and use of solid food. Repeated measurements were investigated using 1-month delayed models to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Risk ratios of different feeding modes were estimated for reflux; addressing a reverse association, RRs for feeding mode were estimated as responses to prior reflux. Results: Compared to direct breastfeeding, combinations with formula feeding showed a statistically significant risk for reflux (bottled human milk plus formula feeding: RR = 2.19, 95% CI [1.11, 4.33]; formula feeding: RR = 1.95, 95% CI [1.39, 2.74]; and mixed breastfeeding plus formula feeding: RR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.40, 2.42]). Addition of solid food was not protective (RR = 1.21, 95% CI [0.86, 1.70]). Analyses of reverse association (reflux → feeding) showed fewer breastfed infants among those with reflux in the prior month. Conclusion: Any combination of infant feeding with formula seems to be a risk for reflux. Although breastfeeding was protective, mothers with a child with reflux were more likely to wean their child.

Breastfeeding Practices Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Women at the Postpartum Visit

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameryn C. Garrett ◽  
Michelle Azimov ◽  
Khozema Campwala ◽  
Maria Sarmiento ◽  
Kristen Faye Linton
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Postpartum Visit ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Hispanic Mothers ◽  
Hispanic White

Background: Breastfeeding is an active area in public health advocacy. Despite documented benefits for infants and mothers, exclusive breastfeeding is not universal. Ethnicity, among other variables, has been shown to influence breastfeeding practice. Research aim: Our study aimed to determine which variables are associated with infant feeding patterns at the postpartum visit; compare the sociodemographic variables associated with infant feeding patterns between Hispanic and non-Hispanic mothers; and determine the odds of exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding, and exclusive formula feeding associated with sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional two-group comparison design was used. Hispanic and non-Hispanic women’s ( N = 666) infant feeding patterns at 6-week postpartum were analyzed. Group comparisons were made of the demographic characteristics and infant feeding practice. Results: Thirty-four percent of Hispanic participants reported exclusive breastfeeding compared with 59% of non-Hispanic White participants. Language and body mass index were significantly associated with infant feeding patterns among Hispanic participants. Compared with non-Hispanic White participants, Hispanic participants had increased odds of reporting mixed feeding and exclusive formula feeding. Conclusion: Breastfeeding initiatives should target English-speaking Hispanic mothers and obese Hispanic mothers to align breastfeeding rates with medical recommendations. Healthcare providers may benefit from additional training to address barriers to breastfeeding among obese women and to provide culturally sensitive support that encourages continued breastfeeding in this population.

Infant Feeding Mode Predicts the Costs of Healthcare Services in One Region of Canada: a Data Linkage Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Kimberlyn Taylor ◽  
Sharmeen Chowdhury ◽  
Zhiwei Gao ◽  
Hai Van Nguyen ◽  
William Midodzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Healthcare Service ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Healthcare Service Use ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Background Few studies have examined the association between infant feeding mode (IFM) and costs related to healthcare service use (HSU) in Canada. The aim of this study is to evaluate differences in HSU and its associated costs by IFM, in an infant’s first year of life in one region of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.Methods Data from a prospective cohort study were linked to administrative databases to examine HSU during an infant’s first year of life. The cohort study collected information on peri- and postnatal variables, including IFM during three stages that covered pregnancy through the first year postnatally. Consenting mothers provided their infants health insurance number for a data linkage to examine HSU by the infant. Outcomes included: hospital admissions, emergency room, family doctor and specialist visits. IFM was categorized as exclusively breastfed, mixed fed and exclusively formula fed. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis were performed to examine the relationship between IFM, maternal and child characteristics and costs associated with HSU.Results The sample included 160 mother infant dyads who consented to the data linkage. Mothers were Caucasian (95.6%), 26 years or older (95%), partnered (97.5%), living in a household with income greater than $30,000 CAN (98.1%) with a post-secondary education (97.5%). At one month 67% were exclusively breastfeeding, 20% were mixed feeding, and 13% were exclusively formula feeding. Overall $315,235 was spent on healthcare service use for the sample of healthy full-term infants during their first year of life. Generalized linear modelling was performed to assess the effect of IFM on costs associated with HSU adjusting for confounders. When compared to exclusive breastfeeding, exclusive formula and mixed feeding were found to be significant predictors of the total costs associated with HSU during the first year of life (p <0.05), driven by costs of hospital admissions.Conclusions Due to the human and economic burden associated with not breastfeeding, policies and programs that support and encourage breastfeeding should be a priority for governments and regional health authorities.

scholarly journals Maternal Eating Behavior in Low-Income Mothers Influences Attitudes Toward Infant Feeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 767-767
Author(s):  
Maryam Kebbe ◽  
Abby Altazan ◽  
Robbie Beyl ◽  
Anne Gilmore ◽  
Leanne Redman
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Dietary Restraint ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Feeding Styles

Abstract Objectives Eating behavior is established early in life, influences infant development and health, and is likely to originate with the mother. We examined if maternal eating behaviors influenced attitudes towards infant feeding styles and whether these associations differed by infant feeding mode (breastfeeding and formula-feeding). Methods This was an observational study in 35 low-income mother-infant dyads. Postpartum women (≥18 years old, 25 ≤ BMI &lt; 40 kg/m2) in the Louisiana Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program completed the Eating Inventory and Infant Feeding Styles Questionnaire to assess maternal eating behavior (dietary restraint, disinhibition, and perceived hunger) and infant feeding styles (restrictive feeding, responsive feeding, and pressuring/overfeeding), respectively, 8 weeks after delivery. Linear models with fixed effects were computed with maternal age, BMI, and maternal eating behavior as covariates using SPSS (p &lt; 0.05 to indicate significance). Results Thirty-four % of the mothers were breastfeeding (n = 12) and 66.0% were formula-feeding (n = 23). Infant feeding styles were not predicted by maternal eating behaviors (all p &gt; 0.05). In mothers who breastfed, maternal dietary restraint was positively associated with infant pressuring/overfeeding (β = 0.91, p &lt; 0.05) and was different from those in the formula fed group (Δ = 1.37, p = 0.02). In addition, maternal disinhibition was negatively associated with restrictive infant feeding (β = −0.53, p &lt; 0.05) and was different from those in the formula fed group (Δ = −0.95, p = 0.003). Comparatively, in mothers who formula-fed, restrictive infant feeding was predicted by maternal disinhibition (β = 0.42, p &lt; 0.01; Δ = −0.95, p = 0.003) and maternal perceived hunger (β = 0.43, p &lt; 0.01; Δ = 0.71, p = 0.007). Conclusions Maternal eating behavior is associated with infant feeding styles only when feeding mode is considered. Interventions educating mothers on how their own eating behaviors have the potential to influence eating behaviors of their children are needed. Funding Sources USDA Small Grants Program and the NIH (T32DK064584, and U54 GM104940).

scholarly journals Social Engagement and Episodic Memory in Non-Hispanic Black and White Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 343-343
Author(s):  
Abbey Hamlin ◽  
A Zarina Kraal ◽  
Laura Zahodne
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Social engagement may confer cognitive benefits in older adulthood, but studies have typically been restricted to largely non-Hispanic White (NHW) samples. Levels of social engagement vary across race such that NHW report larger social networks, more frequent participation in social activities, and greater social support than non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB). Associations between social engagement and cognition may also vary by race, but research is sparse. The current cross-sectional study examined associations between different aspects of social engagement and episodic memory performance, as well as interactions between social engagement and race among NHB and NHW participants in the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project (N = 247; 48.4% NHB; age = 64.19 ± 2.92). Social engagement (network size, activities, support) was self-reported. Episodic memory was a z-score composite of immediate, delayed, and recognition trials of a list-learning task. Separate hierarchical linear regression models quantified interactions between race and each of the three social engagement variables on episodic memory, controlling for sociodemographics, depressive symptoms, and health conditions. Results showed a main effect of more frequent social activity on better episodic memory, as well as an interaction between race and social support indicating a significant positive association in NHB but not NHW. These preliminary findings suggest that participating in social activities may be equally beneficial for episodic memory across NHB and NHW older adults and that social support may be particularly beneficial for NHB. Future research is needed to determine the potential applications of these results in reducing cognitive inequalities through the development of culturally-relevant interventions.

scholarly journals Birthweight DNA methylation signatures in infant saliva

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Moccia ◽  
Maja Popovic ◽  
Elena Isaevska ◽  
Valentina Fiano ◽  
Morena Trevisan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
The Look

Abstract Background Low birthweight has been repeatedly associated with long-term adverse health outcomes and many non-communicable diseases. Our aim was to look-up cord blood birthweight-associated CpG sites identified by the PACE Consortium in infant saliva, and to explore saliva-specific DNA methylation signatures of birthweight. Methods DNA methylation was assessed using Infinium HumanMethylation450K array in 135 saliva samples collected from children of the NINFEA birth cohort at an average age of 10.8 (range 7–17) months. The association analyses between birthweight and DNA methylation variations were carried out using robust linear regression models both in the exploratory EWAS analyses and in the look-up of the PACE findings in infant saliva. Results None of the cord blood birthweight-associated CpGs identified by the PACE Consortium was associated with birthweight when analysed in infant saliva. In saliva EWAS analyses, considering a false discovery rate p-values < 0.05, birthweight as continuous variable was associated with DNA methylation in 44 CpG sites; being born small for gestational age (SGA, lower 10th percentile of birthweight for gestational age according to WHO reference charts) was associated with DNA methylation in 44 CpGs, with only one overlapping CpG between the two analyses. Despite no overlap with PACE results at the CpG level, two of the top saliva birthweight CpGs mapped at genes associated with birthweight with the same direction of the effect also in the PACE Consortium (MACROD1 and RPTOR). Conclusion Our study provides an indication of the birthweight and SGA epigenetic salivary signatures in children around 10 months of age. DNA methylation signatures in cord blood may not be comparable with saliva DNA methylation signatures at about 10 months of age, suggesting that the birthweight epigenetic marks are likely time and tissue specific.

Infant Feeding: Formula Feeding

1961 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis A. Barness
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Formula Feeding

Why Is Human Milk Donation Absent From the Literature on Philanthropic Giving? The Invisible Female Donor and Her Invisible Gift

2021 ◽  
pp. 089976402110139
Author(s):  
Ayelet Oreg ◽  
Susan Appe
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Female Donor ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Milk Banks ◽  
The Invisible

In this research note, we call attention to human milk donation being essentially omitted from the philanthropy literature and bodily gifting research. We focus here on human milk donations for infant feeding through nonprofit milk banks. We argue that its omission is due to two main factors: (a) the incoherence of defining human milk donation and the challenges to its regulation and (b) its consideration as care work and the characteristics of the milk donor identity. We end with avenues for future research in this area.

The economic recession and subjective well-being in older adults in the Republic of Ireland

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Duffy ◽  
K. Mullin ◽  
S. O’Dwyer ◽  
M. Wrigley ◽  
B. D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Future Health

ObjectiveSubjective well-being in older people is strongly associated with emotional, physical and mental health. This study investigates subjective well-being in older adults in Ireland before and after the economic recession that commenced in 2008.MethodsCross-sectional data from the biennial European Social Survey (2002–2012) were analysed for two separate groups of older adults: one sampled before the recession and one after. Stratification and linear regression modelling were used to analyse the association between subjective well-being, the recession and multiple potential confounders and effect modifiers.ResultsData were analysed on 2013 individuals. Overall, subjective well-being among older adults was 1.30 points lower after the recession compared with before the recession (s.e. 0.16; 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.61; p<0.001) [pre-recession: 16.1, out of a possible 20 (s.d. 3.24); post-recession:14.8 (s.d. 3.72)]. Among these older adults, the pre- and post-recession difference was especially marked in women, those with poor health and those living in urban areas.ConclusionsSubjective well-being was significantly lower in older adults after the recession compared with before the recession, especially in women with poor health in urban areas. Policy-makers need proactively to protect these vulnerable cohorts in future health and social policy. Future research could usefully focus on older people on fixed incomes whose diminished ability to alter their economic situation might make them more vulnerable to reduced subjective well-being during a recession.

Abstract MP42: Adherence To Healthy Dietary Patterns In Pregnancy And Placental Dna Methylation- An Epigenome Wide Association Study

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuilin Zhang ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Marion Ouidir ◽  
Stefanie Hinkle ◽  
Fasil Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Accumulating evidence support the intergenerational impacts of diet in pregnancy. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain unclear. Placental epigenetic mechanisms may be involved although data from human epidemiological studies are sparse. We aimed to investigate associations of dietary quality in pregnancy with epigenome-wide placental DNA methylation in a multiracial pregnancy cohort. Methods: DNA methylation was measured using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation450 Beadchip on placentas obtained at delivery from 301 pregnant women who participated in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton cohort. Dietary information during periconception and early first trimester was collected using food frequency questionnaires, and diet in the second and third trimester was collected using a 24-hour dietary recall during four study visits. Scores for adherence to three healthy dietary patterns, alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI), alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), were calculated. For associations of each dietary pattern score with methylation, we conducted analyses using robust linear regression models after the adjustment for age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, race/ethnicity, physical activity, total energy intakes, and population stratification. Genes annotating the top significant CpG sites (false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted P<0.05) were queried for enrichment of functional pathways using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool. Results: Adherence to aHEI was significantly associated with methylation of 8 CpG sites, with the most significant association manifested in cg16724319- MDH1B (P=1.9x10 -10 ). Adherence to aMED was related to methylation of 14 CpG sites, with the most significant association manifested in cg07835181- CLCN7 (P=1.7x10 -11 ). DASH was significantly related to 33 CpG sites, with the most significant association manifested in cg26292547- REV3L (P=4.4x10 -10 ). Further, genes annotating the significant CpG sites were enriched in pathways related to cardiovascular and nervous system development and function, cancer, organismal injury and abnormalities, and reproductive system diseases. Conclusion: Findings from the epigenome wide study suggest that overall dietary quality in pregnancy is associated with placental DNA methylation changes at different loci potentially related to cardiovascular, neurological, reproductive, and cancer phenotypes.

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