Breastfeeding Practices Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Women at the Postpartum Visit

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameryn C. Garrett ◽  
Michelle Azimov ◽  
Khozema Campwala ◽  
Maria Sarmiento ◽  
Kristen Faye Linton
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Postpartum Visit ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Hispanic Mothers ◽  
Hispanic White

Background: Breastfeeding is an active area in public health advocacy. Despite documented benefits for infants and mothers, exclusive breastfeeding is not universal. Ethnicity, among other variables, has been shown to influence breastfeeding practice. Research aim: Our study aimed to determine which variables are associated with infant feeding patterns at the postpartum visit; compare the sociodemographic variables associated with infant feeding patterns between Hispanic and non-Hispanic mothers; and determine the odds of exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding, and exclusive formula feeding associated with sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional two-group comparison design was used. Hispanic and non-Hispanic women’s ( N = 666) infant feeding patterns at 6-week postpartum were analyzed. Group comparisons were made of the demographic characteristics and infant feeding practice. Results: Thirty-four percent of Hispanic participants reported exclusive breastfeeding compared with 59% of non-Hispanic White participants. Language and body mass index were significantly associated with infant feeding patterns among Hispanic participants. Compared with non-Hispanic White participants, Hispanic participants had increased odds of reporting mixed feeding and exclusive formula feeding. Conclusion: Breastfeeding initiatives should target English-speaking Hispanic mothers and obese Hispanic mothers to align breastfeeding rates with medical recommendations. Healthcare providers may benefit from additional training to address barriers to breastfeeding among obese women and to provide culturally sensitive support that encourages continued breastfeeding in this population.

scholarly journals Exclusive Breast-Feeding Practice and Associated Factors among HIV-Positive Mothers in Governmental Health Facilities, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewam Mebratu ◽  
Selamawit Mengesha ◽  
Yadessa Tegene ◽  
Abraham Alano ◽  
Alemayehu Toma
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Infant Feeding Practice ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers ◽  
Mother To Child

Introduction. Globally, over 90% of HIV infections among children are due to mother-to-child transmission and breastfeeding accounts for 5–20% of the burden. Avoidance of inappropriate feeding practices and practicing exclusive breastfeeding is recommended to reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission, but it is hardly practiced. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice and associated factors among HIV-positive mothers attending governmental PMTCT clinics in Southern Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2019. The participants of the study were 209 HIV-positive mothers at the selected PMTCT sites. The study subjects were drawn from 10 health institutions located at 6 towns in Southern Ethiopia which constituted six hospitals and four health centers. Quantitative data were collected using the pretested structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between the predictors and outcome variable. Results. Among the 209 participants, 81.6% (95% CI: 75.8–86.5) practiced exclusive breastfeeding and 18.4% (95% CI: 13.5–23.7) practiced mixed feeding. Mothers who had attended the recommended four antenatal visits [AOR: 3.01, 95% CI (1.1–8.28)], who had disclosed their serostatus [AOR: 3.17, 95% CI (1.12–8.99)], who had sufficient knowledge about infant feeding practice [AOR: 3.32, 95% CI (1.15–9.55)], and favorable attitude towards infant feeding practice [AOR: 5.39, 95% CI (1.65–17.6)] were more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion. Exclusive breastfeeding was predominantly practiced. But mixed feeding was also being practice considerably. Improving maternal knowledge and attitude towards appropriate infant feeding practice through appropriate counseling on ANC visits could significantly improve EBF practice. It was also evident that promoting disclose of serostatus could empower the mothers to make an informed decision on how to appropriately feed their newborn.

scholarly journals Infant Feeding Practices and Analysis Of Factors Affecting Exclusive Breastfeeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenny Artanty Nisman ◽  
Dea Aryas ◽  
Evi Ratnasari ◽  
Melinda Widya ◽  
Nevira Yonanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional

<p>The coverage rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is still low despite its ability to affect a baby's health status and ability to survive. In 2017, only 35.73% of babies in Indonesia received exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months. This study aims to determine infant feeding practices and identify the factors that influence the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Yogyakarta. This is a descriptive analysis study with a cross-sectional approach. The instruments that have been used in this study were the demographic data questionnaire, the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) questionnaire, and the Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) questionnaire. A total of 421 mothers were involved in this study and the research was conducted between June 2019 to April 2020 in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Correlation data analysis was performed using chi-square and point biserial correlation and the multivariate analysis used logistic regression. Infant feeding practice was high with 82.4% of infants receiving exclusive breastfeeding. It was found that employment status, knowledge, mothers’ attitudes, and self-efficacy about breastfeeding have significant correlations with exclusive breastfeeding. Employment status, knowledge, mothers’ attitudes, and self-efficacy about breastfeeding are factors that can encourage exclusive breastfeeding. <strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Energy contribution from non-breastmilk items in low-income Guatemalan infantsin their sixth month of life

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Vossenaar ◽  
Jeniece Alvey ◽  
Ilse Van Beusekom ◽  
Colleen M Doak ◽  
Noel W Solomons
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Early Infant

Objective. To examine the nature and energy contribution of complementary feeding in breastfed infants in their sixth month of life, and the prevalence of the use of bottles as a delivery method. Materials and methods. We recruited 156 breastfeeding infants at a health clinic in metropolitan Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. A previous-day recall was performed. Results. Sixty nine mothers (44%) reported offering items other than breastmilk. The median contribution ofenergy from complementary foods among infants with mixed feeding (n=66) was 197 kcal/day (interquartile range [IQR] 49-353). The median energy contribution of formula or cow’s milk among consumers (n=39) was 212 kcal/day (IQR 84-394).Bottles were used on the previous day by 55 (80%) of the 69 mothers not offering exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions. Premature introduction of non-breastmilk items is commonly practiced in feeding Guatemalan infants. Adherence to the internationally recognized guidelines for early infant feeding should be an intervention priority for this population.

scholarly journals Article Commentary: The Influence of Early Infant-Feeding Practices on the Intestinal Microbiome and Body Composition in Infants

2015 ◽  
Vol 8s1 ◽  
pp. NMI.S29530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aifric O'Sullivan ◽  
Marie Farver ◽  
Jennifer T. Smilowitz
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Breastfed Infants

Despite many years of widespread international recommendations to support exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, common hospital feeding and birthing practices do not coincide with the necessary steps to support exclusive breastfeeding. These common hospital practices can lead to the infant receiving formula in the first weeks of life despite mothers’ dedication to exclusively breastfeed. Consequently, these practices play a role in the alarmingly high rate of formula-feeding worldwide. Formula-feeding has been shown to alter the infant gut microbiome in favor of proinflammatory taxa and increase gut permeability and bacterial load. Furthermore, several studies have found that formula-feeding increases the risk of obesity in later childhood. While research has demonstrated differences in the intestinal microbiome and body growth between exclusively breast versus formula-fed infants, very little is known about the effects of introducing formula to breastfed infants either briefly or long term on these outcomes. Understanding the relationships between mixed-feeding practices and infant health outcomes is complicated by the lack of clarity in the definition of mixed-feeding as well as the terminology used to describe this type of feeding in the literature. In this commentary, we highlight the need for hospitals to embrace the 10 steps of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative developed by UNICEF and the WHO for successful breastfeeding. We present a paucity of studies that have focused on the effects of introducing formula to breastfed infants on the gut microbiome, gut health, growth, and body composition. We make the case for the need to conduct well-designed studies on mixed-feeding before we can truly answer the question: how does brief or long-term use of formula influence the health benefits of exclusive breastfeeding?

scholarly journals The Role of Mixed-feeding in Undermining Breastfeeding: Analysis of the 2018 Scottish Infant Feeding Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 785-785
Author(s):  
Stamatia Michalopoulou ◽  
Ada Garcia ◽  
Linda Wolfson ◽  
Charlotte Wright
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Mixed Feed ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Breastfeeding Cessation ◽  
Breastfeeding Problems

Abstract Objectives Mixed-feeding (MF), the use of formula with breastfeeding is commonly followed by early breastfeeding cessation, but the actual mechanism for this is not yet clear. We aimed to investigate i) the reasons why breastfeeding mothers start mixed feeding, ii) its association with later lactation, and iii) the role health staff play in discouraging mixed-feeding and supporting continued breastfeeding. Methods Participants were mothers in the Scottish Maternal and Infant Feeding Survey (2018) cohort, who had ever breastfed their infants and completed questionnaires at infant age 8–12 weeks, reporting on feeding intentions, feeding practice, breastfeeding problems, reasons for use of formula and sociodemographic data. Mothers who planned to mixed-feed from the outset, were defined as early MF, while those who had not intended to mixed feed but did so, were defined as reactive MF. Results Of 1974 initially breastfeeding mothers, 65% had mixed-fed at some point. At 6 weeks, 32% had ceased breastfeeding, 22% were mixed-feeding and 46% were still exclusively breastfeeding. Early breastfeeding problems (&lt;2 weeks) were common (65%) and related to stopping breastfeeding (Relative Risk [RR]:3.23, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.0, 5.3). Using survival modelling, adjusting for early and late breastfeeding problems, and sociodemographic factors, reactive MF were less likely than early MF to have stopped breastfeeding (Hazard Ratio [HR]:0.57, 95% CI: 0.4, 0.8). In multivariate analysis, increased risk of breastfeeding cessation was associated with intention to mixed-feed (RR:3.39, 95%CI: 2.4, 4.9), and introduction of formula due to convenience (RR:3.21, 95%CI: 2.3, 4.4); the latter was also associated with later lactational issues (RR:1.76, 95%CI: 1.3, 2.3). Mothers who received specialist lactation support were less likely to cease breastfeeding (RR:0.63, 95%CI: 0.5, 0.9) but other input was not protective. Conclusions Mothers often choose to mix-feed their infants from the first weeks, even in absence of breastfeeding problems. Maternal and child health programs need to counsel mothers against mixed-feeding and provide skilled help for breastfeeding issues. Funding Sources N/A.

scholarly journals The association of infant feeding patterns with food allergy symptoms and food allergy in early childhood

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joacy G. Mathias ◽  
Hongmei Zhang ◽  
Nelis Soto-Ramirez ◽  
Wilfried Karmaus
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Persistent Symptoms

Abstract Background The role of infant feeding for food allergy in children is unclear and studies have not addressed simultaneous exposures to different foods. The goal of this study was to analyze existing data on feeding practices that represent realistic exposure and assess the risk of food allergy symptoms and food allergy in children. Methods The Infant Feeding Practices Study II conducted by the CDC and US-FDA enrolled pregnant women and collected infant feeding information using nine repeated surveys. Participants were re-contacted after 6 years. Food allergy data were collected at 4, 9, 12, and 72 months. In total, 1387 participants had complete infant feeding pattern data for 6 months and information on food allergy symptoms and doctors’ diagnosed food allergy. Feeding patterns constituted six groups: 3-months of feeding at breast followed by mixed feeding, 3-months of breast milk and bottled milk followed by mixed feeding, 1-month of feeding at breast followed by mixed feeding, 6-months of mixed feeding i.e., concurrent feeding of breast milk, bottled milk and formula, 2–3 months of formula followed by formula and solid food, and formula and solid food since the first month. To estimate risks of food allergy, we used linear mixed models, controlling for potential confounders. Results Of the 328 children with food allergy symptoms in infancy and at 6 years, 52 had persistent symptoms from infancy. Children exposed to mixed feeding had a higher risk of food allergy symptoms (Risk Ratio [RR] 1.54; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.04, 2.29) compared to 3-months of feeding at breast adjusted for confounding. No statistically significant risk of infant feeding patterns was found for doctors’ diagnosed food allergy. Paternal allergy posed a higher risk for food allergy symptoms (RR 1.36; 95% CI 1.01, 1.83). Prenatal maternal smoking increased the risk for doctors’ diagnosed food allergy (RR 2.97; 95% CI 1.53, 5.79). Conclusions Analysis of this prospective birth cohort suggest that introduction of multiple feeding source may lead to food allergy symptoms. Future efforts are needed to determine acceptable approaches to improve the ascertainment of food allergy in children and the role of infant feeding.

scholarly journals Epigenome-Wide Association of Infant Feeding and Changes in DNA Methylation from Birth to 10 Years

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Yamini Mallisetty ◽  
Nandini Mukherjee ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Su Chen ◽  
Susan Ewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Feeding Modes

Epigenetic factors have been suggested as mediators of early-life nutrition to future health. Prior studies focused on breastfeeding effects on DNA methylation (DNAm), ignoring other feeding modes. In this analysis of the Isle of Wight birth cohort, feeding modes were categorized as exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), exclusive formula feeding (EFF), and mixed feeding based on whether the respective feeding mode lasted for at least 3 months. In addition, in the past, infant feeding modes were assessed using DNAm at one time point in childhood, not changes of DNAm. In this paper, methylation differences (delta DNAm) were calculated by subtracting residual methylation values at birth from age 10 years (adjusting for cell types and season of blood collection at both ages). These deltas were estimated for all methylation sites where cytosine was followed by guanine (cytosine guanine dinucleotide (CpG) sites). Then, we performed an epigenome-wide association study contrasting EBF, EFF, and mixed feeding with delta DNAm that represents changes in methylation from birth to 10 years. A total of 87 CpGs (EBF: 27 CpGs, EFF: 48 CpGs, mixed: 12 CpGs) were identified using separate linear regression models adjusting for confounders and multiple testing. The sum of all changes in methylation from birth to age 10 years was significantly lower in the EFF group. Correspondingly, the number of CpGs with a methylation decline was 4.7% higher reflecting 13,683 CpGs. Lower methylation related to exclusive formula feeding and its adverse potential for the child’s development needs future research to reduce adverse health effects.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes of Nigerian mothers assessed by the Iowa infant feeding attitudes scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5722
Author(s):  
Lilian O. Ezechi ◽  
Victoria Otobo ◽  
Patricia E. Mbah ◽  
Oliver C. Ezechi
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Breastfeeding Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Excusive breastfeeding practice in Nigeria is reportedly dwindling, yet the current breastfeeding practices and challenges remain largely unknown. To use the Iowa infant feeding attitude scale (IIFAS) to assess the breastfeeding knowledge and attitude of recently delivered mothers in Lagos Nigeria.Methods: A community-based survey. Study-related data were obtained from 636 mothers selected through multistage sampling, using IIFAS. The scale was validated for our environment before use in the study. The study data were managed with SPSS version 22.0.Results: The prevalence of any breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months and timely initiation of breastfeeding was 99.5%, 22.2% and 47.4% respectively. While the mothers had some knowledge of breastfeeding, their overall knowledge and attitudes about breastfeeding were positive towards infant formula than breastfeeding. More than half of the mothers in our study stated that infant formula was as healthy for infants as breastmilk (62.3%), formula feeding is the better choice if the mother plans to go back to work (80.7%), and that formula feeding was more convenient than breastfeeding (56.9%). Previous exclusive breastfeeding experience (OR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.15, 8.41), being a housewife (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.14, 10.9), and having a positive attitude to breastfeeding (OR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 11.6) were found to be associated with exclusive breastfeeding.Conclusions: Although breastfeeding was almost universal in the study area (99.5%), the knowledge and attitude to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) were suboptimal. Public health education on breastfeeding should be intensified before, during and after pregnancy to improve mother’s EBF knowledge and attitude.

scholarly journals Effects of Exclusive Breast Feeding for First Six Months of life on Children Weight, Height and Head Circumference in Sulaimani City, Kurdistan-Iraq and Compare with Other Types of Feeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Sardar M. Weli
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Breast Fed

Breastfeeding (BF) serves as a complete nutritional source for the first six months of infant’s life. Breast milk contains all essential nutrients that necessary for the physiological growth and development of infants. The aim of this study was to compare the physiological growth of infants including weight, height and head circumference who were exclusively breastfed for 6 months and those who were given bottle-fed or mixed fed and to find a percentage of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers who contributed in this study in Sulaimani city. This study was carried out in Sulaimani city/ Kurdistan region of Iraq and the cases were enrolled between the first of October 2018 and first of October 2019. The infants’ weight, height and head circumstances were measured at different age levels (At age two, six, nine and fifteen months). The results of this study found that Among 198 mothers who were contributed in this study; 92 (46.5%) of mothers had EBF while 90 (45.5%) had mixed feeding and only 16 (8%) had exclusive formula feeding (EFF) in the first six months of baby’s life. Infant’s weight at age 2 months were no differences between types of feeding. However, at ages 6 and 9 were significantly high in infants who breastfed compared to formula fed but no differences were found between EBF and mixed feeding. At age 15 months weights of infants were again no differences were found between all types of feeding. For height parameter, infants who exclusively breastfed for six months were significantly higher than those of formula fed at age 2, 6, 9 and 15 months. Regarding head circumferences no significant differences between types of feeding at age 2 months were showed. Nevertheless, at age 6 and 15 months were significantly high in infants who breastfed than formula fed. The present study conclude that infants who breast fed for first six months of life have a higher weight, height and head circumferences than infants who exclusively formula fed. The percentage of EBF among Kurdish mothers were similar with other countries of Iraq but was low compared to the recommended rate of WHO. 

scholarly journals Determinants of infant feeding practices among mothers living with HIV attending prevention of mother to child transmission Clinic at Kiambu Level 4 hospital, Kenya: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naureen Andare ◽  
Sophie Ochola ◽  
Peter Chege
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Breastfeeding Rate ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Mother To Child

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome is global pandemic with around 150,000 children infected with HIV in 2015. In Kenya, it is estimated that 11,000 children who are under 15 years old were infected. Safe infant feeding practices are the major important determinants of the prevention of mother to child transmission. The decision to breastfeed or not is considered a very tough choice for mothers living with HIV. This study assessed the infant feeding practices and its determinants among mothers living with HIV with infants 0–12 months old. Methods This was a mixed methods cross-sectional study adopting qualitative and quantitative data collection procedures. A sample of 180 systematically selected mothers living with HIV with infants 0–12 months old attending prevention of mother to child transmission clinic participated in the study. Results Exclusive breastfeeding rate was 71.4%, mixed feeding (18.2%) and replacement feeding (10.4%). Complementary feeding with continued breastfeeding rate was 63.1%. Similarly, qualitative results showed that exclusive breastfeeding was the most preferred feeding method by mothers living with HIV. Age (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 0.19; (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.41, 0.85; p = 0.030) and infant feeding practice knowledge (AOR 0.20; 95% CI 0.06, 0.64; p = 0.007) were determinants of exclusive breastfeeding. Education AOR 0.17; 95% CI 0.03, 0.85; p = 0.002) and occupation (AOR 3.91; 95% CI 1.24, 12.32; p = 0.020) were determinants of complementary feeding with continued breastfeeding. Conclusion Exclusive breastfeeding is attainable in this population. However, poor infant feeding practice knowledge led to non-adherence to safe infant feeding practices such as exclusive breastfeeding. Socio-demographic factors such as age, education and occupation were established as determinants of infant feeding practices among mothers living with HIV. Ministry of Health should come up with strategies on infant feeding counseling that are aligned to a local context, to allow mothers to understand the importance of recommended infant feeding options for HIV-exposed infants.

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