Nutrient Intake Adequacy from Food and Beverage Intake of US Children Aged 1–6 Years from NHANES 2001–2016

The early years, between the ages of one and six, are a period of rapid physical, social and cognitive growth and a nutritionally adequate diet is an important factor for optimum development. We investigated the micronutrient adequacy and status of young US children aged 1–6 years (n = 9848) using 24-h dietary recall interviews completed by parents and caregivers participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2016. data. The proportion of the sample not meeting the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) increased with increasing age and was most pronounced for calcium. Despite adequate iron intake, 7.4% and 2.5% had signs of iron deficiency and anemia based on serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels, with younger children and WIC participants at most risk and Non-Hispanic Black children the least. Vitamin B6 intake was adequate, but 6.4% had serum pyridoxal-5-phosphate deficiency. For vitamin E, 69% had intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR), yet serum deficiency was only detected in 0.9%. Vitamin D intake was inadequate for 87%, but true deficiency may be overestimated. Mean DHA intake was 24 mg/d, well below expert recommendations of 70–100 mg/day. Iron and vitamin B6 deficiency and inadequate calcium, fiber, choline, potassium and DHA intakes are a concern for a significant percentage of young children. The discrepancy between nutrient intakes and serum deficiency levels needs to be further investigated.

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Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate deficiency causes a loss of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase in patients and human neuroblastoma cells, implications for aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase and vitamin B6 deficiency states

Journal of Neurochemistry ◽

10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06742.x ◽

2010 ◽

pp. no-no ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

George F. G. Allen ◽

Viruna Neergheen ◽

Marcus Oppenheim ◽

Julia C. Fitzgerald ◽

Emma Footitt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

Neuroblastoma Cells ◽

Phosphate Deficiency ◽

Acid Decarboxylase ◽

Human Neuroblastoma Cells ◽

Human Neuroblastoma ◽

Amino Acid Decarboxylase ◽

Vitamin B6 Deficiency

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Trends and patterns in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among children and adults by race and/or ethnicity, 2003-2018

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021001580 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Jane Dai ◽

Mark J Soto ◽

Caroline G Dunn ◽

Sara N Bleich

Keyword(s):

Black Children ◽

Older Children ◽

National Data ◽

Hispanic Children ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽

Beverage Consumption ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Sweetened Beverage ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Rate Of Decline

ABSTRACT Objective: Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption has declined steadily. This study uses the latest national data to examine trends in SSB consumption among children and adults by race and/or ethnicity and to document whether long-standing disparities in intake remain. Design: Trend analyses of demographic and dietary data measured by 24-hour dietary recall from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Setting: Data from the 2003-2004 through 2017-2018 NHANES survey cycles were analyzed in 2020. Participants: The study sample included 21,156 children aged 2-19 years and 32,631 adults aged 20+ years. Results: From 2003-2004 to 2017-2018, the prevalence of drinking any amount of SSBs on a given day declined significantly among all race and/or ethnicity groups for children (non-Hispanic [NH] White: 81.6% to 72.7%; NH Black: 83.2% to 74.8%, Hispanic: 86.9% to 77.2%) and most race and/or ethnicity groups for adults (NH White: 72.3% to 65.3%; Hispanic: 84.6% to 77.8%). Consumption declined at a higher rate among NH Black and Hispanic children aged 12-19 years compared to their NH White peers; among NH Black children aged 6-11 years, the rate of decline was lower. Despite significant declines in per capita SSB calorie consumption from soda and fruit drinks, consumption of sweetened coffee/tea beverages increased among older children and nearly all adults, and consumption of sweetened milk beverages increased among NH White and Hispanic children. Conclusions: SSB consumption has declined steadily for children and adults of all race and/or ethnicity groups, but disparities persist, and overall intake remains high.

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Prevalence of Blood Lead Levels >=5 g/dL Among US Children 1 to 5 Years of Age and Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors Associated With Blood of Lead Levels 5 to 10 g/dL, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.112.6.1308 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 112 (6) ◽

pp. 1308-1313 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

S. M. Bernard ◽

M. A. McGeehin

Keyword(s):

National Health ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Blood Lead Levels ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Lead Levels ◽

Us Children ◽

Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

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Changes in Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence Among U.S. Children Aged 1–5 Years: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa1168 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Molly R Petersen ◽

Eshan U Patel ◽

Alison G Abraham ◽

Thomas C Quinn ◽

Aaron A R Tobian

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

National Health ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Prevalence Difference ◽

The Cross ◽

Us Children

Abstract Data from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) indicate that the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies among US children aged 1–5 years was 20.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.0, 29.0) in 2011–2012 and 28.2% (95% CI: 23.1–34.0) in 2017–2018 (adjusted prevalence difference, +7.6% [95% CI: −.4, +15.6]).

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Vitamin B6 deficiency disrupts serotonin signaling in pancreatic islets and induces gestational diabetes in mice

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-01900-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ashley M. Fields ◽

Kevin Welle ◽

Elaine S. Ho ◽

Clementina Mesaros ◽

Martha Susiarjo

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Pancreatic Islets ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

Serotonin Receptor ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Β Cell ◽

Vitamin B6 Deficiency ◽

Maternal Glucose

AbstractIn pancreatic islets, catabolism of tryptophan into serotonin and serotonin receptor 2B (HTR2B) activation is crucial for β-cell proliferation and maternal glucose regulation during pregnancy. Factors that reduce serotonin synthesis and perturb HTR2B signaling are associated with decreased β-cell number, impaired insulin secretion, and gestational glucose intolerance in mice. Albeit the tryptophan-serotonin pathway is dependent on vitamin B6 bioavailability, how vitamin B6 deficiency impacts β-cell proliferation during pregnancy has not been investigated. In this study, we created a vitamin B6 deficient mouse model and investigated how gestational deficiency influences maternal glucose tolerance. Our studies show that gestational vitamin B6 deficiency decreases serotonin levels in maternal pancreatic islets and reduces β-cell proliferation in an HTR2B-dependent manner. These changes were associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, however insulin secretion remained intact. Our findings suggest that vitamin B6 deficiency-induced gestational glucose intolerance involves additional mechanisms that are complex and insulin independent.

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The Effect of Vitamin B6 Deficiency on Glutamic Acid Accumulation by Lactobacillus arabinosus

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)70192-0 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 234 (4) ◽

pp. 872-876 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joseph T. Holden

Keyword(s):

Glutamic Acid ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

Acid Accumulation ◽

Vitamin B6 Deficiency ◽

Lactobacillus Arabinosus

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Association between Ready-to-Eat Cereal Consumption and Nutrient Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Diet Quality in Adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11122952 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2952

Author(s):

Yong Zhu ◽

Neha Jain ◽

Vipra Vanage ◽

Norton Holschuh ◽

Anne Hermetet Agler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

National Health ◽

Diet Quality ◽

The United States ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Food Groups ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Health And Nutrition

This study examined differences in dietary intake between ready-to-eat cereal eaters and non-eaters in adults from the United States. Participants (n = 5163) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016 were included. One-day dietary recall was used to define ready-to-eat cereal consumption status and estimate dietary intake in eaters and non-eaters. Data from Food Patterns Equivalent Database 2015–2016 were used to compare intakes of food groups by consumption status. Diet quality was assessed by Healthy Eating Index 2015. Nineteen percent of US adults were ready-to-eat cereal eaters; they had a similar level of energy intake as non-eaters, but they had significantly higher intake of dietary fiber, and several vitamins and minerals, such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D. They were also more likely to meet nutrient recommendations. Compared to non-eaters, ready-to-eat cereal eaters had the same level of added sugar intake but they had significantly higher intake of whole grains, total fruits, and dairy products. The diet quality of ready-to-eat cereal eaters was significantly higher than that of non-eaters. The study supports that ready-to-eat cereal eaters have better dietary intake with a healthier dietary pattern than non-eaters in the United States.

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C-reactive Protein Concentration Distribution among US Children and Young Adults: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2000

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/49.8.1353 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 49 (8) ◽

pp. 1353-1357 ◽

Cited By ~ 108

Author(s):

Earl S Ford ◽

Wayne H Giles ◽

Gary L Myers ◽

Nader Rifai ◽

Paul M Ridker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

National Health ◽

Concentration Distribution ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Children And Young Adults ◽

Us Children

Abstract Background: The distribution of C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations among children and young adults in the US is not known at present. Methods: We used data from 3348 US children and young adults 3–19 years of age who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2000, to describe the distribution of CRP concentrations, based on results obtained with a high-sensitivity latex-enhanced turbidimetric assay. Results: The range of CRP concentrations was 0.1–90.8 mg/L (mean, 1.6 mg/L; geometric mean, 0.5 mg/L; median, 0.4 mg/L). CRP concentrations increased with age. Females 16–19 years of age had higher concentrations than males in this age range (P = 0.003). Mexican Americans had the highest CRP concentrations among the three major race or ethnic groups (P <0.001). Conclusions: For the first time, these data describe the CRP concentration distribution among US children and young adults, based on results obtained with a high-sensitivity assay.

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