scholarly journals Obesity and Circulating Levels of Vitamin D before and after Weight Loss Induced by a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1829
Author(s):  
Silvio Buscemi ◽  
Carola Buscemi ◽  
Davide Corleo ◽  
Giovanni De Pergola ◽  
Rosalia Caldarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Circulating Levels

Background: Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, also influencing bone tissue. Several studies have reported that vitamin D blood levels were significantly lower in people with obesity, probably due to its uptake by the adipose tissue. Clinical studies that investigated the changes of circulating levels of vitamin D following weight loss reported controversial data. A very low-calorie ketogenic diet is acknowledged as a reliable treatment to achieve a rapid weight loss. Therefore, we investigated the effect of weight loss, consequent to a very low-calorie ketogenic diet, on vitamin D blood concentrations. Methods: A cohort of 31 people with obesity underwent a very low-calorie ketogenic diet for 10–12 weeks. The serum concentrations of vitamin D, parathormone, calcium and phosphorous were measured before and after weight loss; they were compared to a control group of 20 non-obese, non-diabetic, age- and gender-matched persons. Results: Patients with obesity had a higher habitual intake of vitamin D than the control group (p < 0.05). However, the vitamin D blood levels of the obese group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.005) and they increased after weight loss (p < 0.001). At baseline, vitamin D blood concentrations of the persons with obesity were significantly correlated with both fat mass–kg (r = −0.40; p < 0.05) and body mass index (r = −0.47; p < 0.01). Following very low-calorie ketogenic diet, the change in vitamin D serum concentrations was correlated only with the change in fat mass–kg (r = −0.43; p < 0.01). Conclusion: This study confirmed that patients with obesity have lower vitamin D levels that normalize after significant weight loss, supporting the hypothesis that vitamin D is stored in the adipose tissue and released following weight loss.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Shenmai Injection on Chemotherapy Efficacy and Side Effects of Acute Leukemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianling Qiao ◽  
Xuan Kan ◽  
Fei Qin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Impaired Liver Function ◽  
Shenmai Injection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bone Marrow Blood

Objective: To study the effect of Shenmai injection on the efficacy and side effects of chemotherapy in acute leukemia. Methods: Sixty-two patients with acute leukemia admitted to the hospital between February 2018 and June 2019 were enrolled in this study. All patients were divided into observation and control groups according to different treatment methods in chemotherapy. The control group was treated with chemotherapy alone. The observation group was treated Shenmai injection combined with chemotherapy. The treatment effect of the two groups was compared, and the incidence of bone marrow blood and side effects before and after treatment were compared. Results: The therapeutic effect of the observation group was 93.55% which was much higher than that of the control group of 74.19%, P<0.05. The bone marrow blood levels of WBC, PLT and Hb in the observation group before and after treatment were 23.97±3.05, 6.76±1.27, 69.01±8.15, 66.96±9.46, 91.07±8.15, 89.35±7.46, respectively, compared with the control group. The difference in the situation after treatment was found to be significant. The incidence of toxic side effects such as nausea and vomiting, impaired liver function and renal dysfunction in the observation group was 9.68%, which was lower than that of the control group (32.26%, P<0.05). Conclusion: Shemai injection has significant effects on the efficacy and side effects of chemotherapy in acute leukemia and effectively improves the effect of chemotherapy.

Interleukin-4 Blood Concentrations in Early and Metastatic Human Solid Neoplasms

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lissoni ◽  
D. Merlini ◽  
D. Pirato ◽  
S. Meregalli
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Th2 Cell

Blood levels of the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 are often abnormally high in patients with advanced cancer. However, since IL-6 and IL-10 may be produced by macrophages and TH2 cells, the evidence of abnormally high values of IL-6 and/or IL-10 may reflect hyperactivation either of the macrophage system or of TH2 cell functions. In contrast, IL-4 is almost completely produced by the TH2 lymphocytes. Therefore, evaluation of IL-4 levels could help to differentiate macrophage from TH2 cell hyperactivation. This study was performed to investigate IL-4 serum levels in a group of cancer patients in relation to the stage of disease and to the secretion of other cytokines. The study included 50 patients, 28 of whom showed distant organ metastases. Lung cancer and gastrointestinal cancers were the most frequent neoplasms in our patients. The control group consisted of 60 healthy subjects. IL-4 was measured by the Elisa method. No patient showed high levels of IL-4. No significant differences were seen between controls and cancer patients, nor between metastatic and non-metastatic patients. In addition, no significant differences in IL-4 mean values were found between patients with normal or high levels of IL-6 and IL-10, or between patients with normal or low IL-2 concentrations. This preliminary study seems to exclude cancer-related abnormally high secretion of IL-4. Therefore, the high levels of IL-6 and/or IL-10 often occurring in advanced neoplastic disease would mainly depend on macrophage production.

scholarly journals Five salmon dinners per week were not sufficient to prevent the reduction in serum vitamin D in autumn at 60° north latitude: a randomised trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Bratlie ◽  
Ingrid V. Hagen ◽  
Anita Helland ◽  
Øivind Midttun ◽  
Arve Ulvik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Fish Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Western Norway ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
High Fish ◽  
North Latitude

AbstractLow serum concentrations of several vitamins have been linked to increased risk of diseases including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Fish is a good source of several vitamins, and the prevalence of T2D is low in populations with high fish intake. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of high fish intake on vitamins in serum from adults in autumn in South-Western Norway at 60° north latitude. In this randomised clinical trial, sixty-three healthy participants with overweight/obesity consumed 750 g/week of either cod (n 22) or salmon (n 22) as five weekly dinners or were instructed to continue their normal eating habits but avoid fish intake (Control group, n 19) for 8 weeks. The estimated vitamin D intake was significantly increased in the Salmon group when compared with the Cod group (P = 6·3 × 10−4) and with the Control group (P = 3·5 × 10−6), with no differences between groups for estimated intake of vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, C and E. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentration was decreased in all groups after 8 weeks; however, the reduction in the Salmon group was significantly smaller compared with the Cod group (P = 0·013) and the Control group (P = 0·0060). Cod and salmon intake did not affect serum concentrations of the other measured vitamins. The findings suggest that 750 g/week of salmon was not sufficient to prevent a decrease in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in autumn in South-Western Norway in adults with overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals P0299EVALUATION OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN VITAMIN D LEVELS AND THROMBOCYTE MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH DİALYSİS, CHRONIC RENAL DISEASE AND RENAL TRANSPLANTATION PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
KÖNÜL AHMEDOVA ◽  
Garip SAHIN ◽  
Cengiz Bal ◽  
Rüya Mutluay
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Background and Aims 25(OH)D3 levels are known to be lower in patients with chronic renal disease (CRD). Vitamin D supplementation has been shown to have beneficial effects on mortality in these patients. In our study, we have evaluated the pleiotropic effect of vitamin D on thrombocyte markers, which is known very little by most. Method The main thrombocyte function markers (MPV, PDW and PCT) were obtained in patients which underwent dialysis, renal transplantation and patients with grade 3-4 CRD before and after vitamin D supplementation. 40 healthy individuals were chosen as control group and 24 patients underwent renal transplantation, 25 patients underwent dialysis for at least 3 months, 32 patients were diagnosed as Grade 3-4 CRD. All of the patients above had 25(OH)D3 levels &lt;20ng/mL (&lt;50nmol/L). Thrombocyte markers were evaluated before and after vitamin D supplementation (which was given 50.000 IU orally once a week for 8 weeks). Results Statistically no significant difference were found between MPV values in- and across- group comparison before and after vitamin D supplementation. After the correlation analyses were reviewed, statistically significant negative correlation was found (r=-0,422 p&lt;0.05) between ΔMPV and ΔVitamin D in renal transplantation group. Also statistically significant positive correlation was found between ΔPDW and ΔVitamin D. In the control group with healty participants, a statistically significant negative correlation was found (r=-0,493 p&lt;0.05) between ΔVitamin D and ΔThrombocyte count. In the dialysis group a statistically significant negative correlation was found (r=-0,422 p&lt;0.05) between ΔVitamin D and ΔMPV. Conclusion A significant correlation was found particularly between Vitamin D and MPV in dialysis and renal transplantation patients. In order to prevent cardiovascular events due to thrombosis caused by Vitamin D deficiency which increases MPV, it has been thought that Vitamin D supplementation and antiaggregant therapy might be beneficial.

scholarly journals Effect of short-chain fructooligosaccharide-enriched energy-restricted diet on weight loss and serum haptoglobin concentration in Beagle dogs

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (S1) ◽  
pp. S120-S123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Ricci ◽  
Isabelle Jeusette ◽  
Jean-Marie Godeau ◽  
Barbara Contiero ◽  
Marianne Diez
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Serum Haptoglobin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Haptoglobin Concentration

The effects of the dietary inclusion of two levels of short-chain fructooligosaccharides (sc-FOS) on weight loss, biochemical parameters and serum haptoglobin concentration were investigated in twelve experimental obese Beagle dogs. Dogs were randomised into two groups and submitted to a weight loss program (WLP): the control group (C) received a commercial energy-restricted high-protein diet containing 1 % DM sc-FOS, whereas the test group (T) received the same diet enriched with sc-FOS to attain a 3 % DM content. Body weight (BW) and body condition score were weekly assessed in each dog and blood was collected before and after WLP to measure total plasma cholesterol (CHOL), TAG, NEFA, glucose (GLUC), insulin, serum leptin and haptoglobin. Groups showed similar BW and blood parameters before treatment. When values before and after treatment of the dogs were compared, significant reductions were observed for all parameters, with the exception of NEFA and GLUC. However, when these reductions were compared between C and T groups, significant differences were detected only for haptoglobin (T before v. T after: 1545 v. 605 mg/l, P = 0·03; C before v. C after: 1635 v. 1400 mg/l, P = NS). Positive correlations between haptoglobin and CHOL and between haptoglobin and TAG were observed before but not after WLP. In conclusion, feeding obese dogs with the energy-restricted diet caused significant weight loss and reduction of blood parameters, irrespective of the sc-FOS content included. However, serum haptoglobin level, and the subclinical inflammatory condition associated with it, was significantly lowered in the T but not in the C group.

scholarly journals Markers of inflammation and insulin resistance in dogs before and after weight loss versus lean healthy dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-305
Author(s):  
Juliana T. Jeremias ◽  
Thiago H.A. Vendramini ◽  
Roberta B.A. Rodrigues ◽  
Mariana P. Perini ◽  
Vivian Pedrinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Weight Loss Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT: Chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity is characterized by an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to insulin resistance. For this study body composition, markers of inflammation and of insulin resistance in dogs before and after weight loss were compared to those of lean dogs. Eleven client-owned obese adult dogs underwent a weight loss program with commercial dry food for weight loss and reached an ideal body condition score (BCS) six months after the beginning of the weight loss program. A Control Group of nine dogs with ideal BCS were selected for the comparison. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test for normality, Mann Whitney were used for non-normally distributes data, and Student t-test was used for normally distributed parameters. In the Obese Group body fat decreased from 41.6% (30.7-58.6) to 29.1% (18.6-46.3) (P<0.01) and dogs maintained lean body mass throughout the weight loss program (P>0.05). Obese dogs presented higher concentration of fructosamine, triglycerides, insulin, IGF-1 and leptin than the Control Group before weight reduction (P<0.05). Serum concentrations of triglycerides, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, insulin, leptin and IGF-1 decreased after weight loss (P<0.01), and these concentrations were similar to the Control Group (P>0.05), except for leptin (P<0.001). No alteration on peptide YY was found. Leptin (r=0.60, P=0.01), fructosamine (r=0.44, P=0.02) and triglycerides (r=0.40, P=0.04) concentrations correlated with the reduction of body fat. Weight loss reduced the concentrations of inflammatory and insulin resistance markers and most parameters became similar to dogs that have always been lean, reinforcing the importance of weight loss in small animal practice.

Efficacy of Vitamin D Combined with Metformin and Clomiphene in the Treatment of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Combined with Infertility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili ZHUANG ◽  
Wei CUI ◽  
Jianxiang CONG ◽  
Yinghong ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Volume ◽  
Before And After

Background: We aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of vitamin D combined with metformin and clomiphene in the treatment of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome combined with infertility. Methods: Overall, 396 cases of polycystic ovarian syndrome combined with infertility in Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China were prospectively analyzed. Among them, 204 cases treated with vitamin D combined with metformin and clomiphene were set as the study group; 192 cases treated with only metformin and clomiphene were set as the control group. The ovarian volume and thickness of uterine wall before and after treatment were recorded. Levels of fasting insulin (FINS), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol (E2) before and after treatment were recorded. Results: There was no difference in body weight, BMI, ovarian volume, thickness of ovarian wall, FINS, LH, T, FSH and E2 between the study group and the control group; there was no significant difference in FSH, E2 and the thickness of uterine wall between the two groups. After treatment, the BMI, FINS, LH, and T in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); the incidence rates of oligomenorrhea, facial acne and hairy symptoms in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); after treatment, the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate in 36 cycles in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our challenge could significantly improve clinical symptoms and endocrine conditions, and greatly enhance the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate.

Effect of Sunlight - UV Rays on the Vitamin D Status of Girls (18 to 22 years)

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Annu Francis ◽  
R. Balasasirekha
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Experimental Group

The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of sunlight on vitamin D and calcium status among the college girls, aged 18 – 22 years. One hundred and fifty girls were selected out of which 45 with vitamin D deficiency were considered for experiment. The participants were divided into three groups of 15 each: Experimental I - curd supplementation, exposure to sunlight and nutrition education; Experimental II - exposure to sunlight and nutrition education and Control group with no intervention. Anthropometric measurements, blood haemoglobin, serum vitamin D and calcium were analysed before and after supplementation for 50 days. In the experimental group I, there was a mean increase of 3.22 ng/ml of vitamin D and was significant at 1% level and in the experimental group II the increase was 1.03 ng/ml (significant at 5% level). There was a mean difference of 1.57 ng/ml in the control group which was not significant. The mean initial calcium level in the experimental group I was 9.33 mg/dl and the final value is 9.67 mg/dl and the increase was significant at 1% level. The experimental group II had a mean initial calcium level of 9.36 mg/dl and the mean final value of 9.56 ml g/dl. The mean difference of 0.05 mg/dl was noted in serum calcium before and after supplementation in the control group. The experimental group I showed a positive correlation of 0.035 between vitamin D and sunlight whereas in experimental group II and control group there was a negative correlation of 0.045 and 0.072 respectively. It can be concluded that sunlight had an effect on vitamin D status and the calcium level of the participants further highlighting that sunlight exposure is an effective method of improving the vitamin D status.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone in obese children before and after weight loss

2007 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Reinehr ◽  
Gideon de Sousa ◽  
Ute Alexy ◽  
M Kersting ◽  
Werner Andler
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Before And After

Objective: The roles of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are discussed controversially in obesity, and studies of these hormones in obese children are limited. Therefore, we studied the relationships between PTH, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (1,25-OH Vit D), 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OH Vit D), weight status, and insulin sensitivity before and after weight loss in obese children. Methods: Fasting serum PTH, 1,25-OH Vit D, 25-OH Vit D, inorganic phosphate, calcium, alkaline phosphatase (AP), insulin, glucose, and weight status (SDS–BMI and percentage body fat) were determined in 133 obese children (median age 12.1 years) and compared with 23 non-obese children. Furthermore, these parameters were analyzed in 67 obese children before and after participating in a 1-year obesity intervention program. Results: Obese children had significantly (P < 0.001) higher PTH and lower 25-OH Vit D concentrations compared with non-obese children, while calcium, phosphate, AP, and 1,25-OH Vit D did not differ significantly. Changes of PTH (r = 0.23, P = 0.031) and 25-OH Vit D (r = −0.27, P = 0.013) correlated significantly with changes of SDS–BMI, but not with changes of insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment; HOMA-B%). Reduction of overweight in 35 children led to a significant (P < 0.01) decrease of PTH concentrations and an increase in 25-OH Vit D levels. Conclusions: PTH levels were positively and 25-OH Vit D concentrations were negatively related to weight status. Since these alterations normalized after weight loss, these changes are consequences rather than causes of overweight. A relationship between PTH, vitamin D, and insulin sensitivity based on the HOMA index was not found in obese children. Further longitudinal clamp studies are neccessary to study the relationship between vitamin D and insulin sensitivity.

Antagonism of serum tri-iodothyronine changes after injections of prolactin in the domestic fowl before and after hatching

1983 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Kühn ◽  
E. Decuypere ◽  
K. Hemschoote ◽  
L. Berghman ◽  
J. Paulussen
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Thyroid Metabolism ◽  
Ovine Prolactin ◽  
Circulating Levels

The influence of an intravenous injection of ovine prolactin on circulating levels of thyroid hormones was studied in Rhode Island Red embryos and chicks after hatching. In the chick embryo, 2 h after injection of 0·1 μg prolactin (on incubation day 19), serum tri-iodothyronine (T3) increased threefold; after 10 or 100 μg prolactin (on incubation day 18) serum T3 increased 15- to 25-fold. These profound increases were not observed in chicks after hatching. Serum concentrations and thyroid content of thyroxine (T4) in embryos and chicks of all ages studied were not influenced by the prolactin injections. Maximal serum concentrations of reverse T3 (rT3) were found on incubation day 18 (110·25 ± 23·36 pmol/l; 71·66 ± 15·18 pg/ml; n = 8), whereas after hatching no rT3 could be detected. An injection of 10 μg prolactin on day 18 depressed serum rT3 after 2 h to 5·68 ± 3·20 pmol/l (3·69 ± 2·08 pg/ml; n = 8; P<0·001); the effect of 100 μg prolactin was less pronounced. After hatching, chronic administration of prolactin resulted in decreased serum levels of T3, but not of T4, and hypertrophy of the follicles in the thyroid gland. It is concluded that prolactin plays a major role in the maturation of embryonic thyroid metabolism by changing the T4-5-monodeiodination into a T4-5′-monodeiodination. The hypertrophy of the thyroid gland observed after hatching following prolonged prolactin administration may be due to decreased negative feedback of T3 on the hypophysis.

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