Effect of short-chain fructooligosaccharide-enriched energy-restricted diet on weight loss and serum haptoglobin concentration in Beagle dogs

The effects of the dietary inclusion of two levels of short-chain fructooligosaccharides (sc-FOS) on weight loss, biochemical parameters and serum haptoglobin concentration were investigated in twelve experimental obese Beagle dogs. Dogs were randomised into two groups and submitted to a weight loss program (WLP): the control group (C) received a commercial energy-restricted high-protein diet containing 1 % DM sc-FOS, whereas the test group (T) received the same diet enriched with sc-FOS to attain a 3 % DM content. Body weight (BW) and body condition score were weekly assessed in each dog and blood was collected before and after WLP to measure total plasma cholesterol (CHOL), TAG, NEFA, glucose (GLUC), insulin, serum leptin and haptoglobin. Groups showed similar BW and blood parameters before treatment. When values before and after treatment of the dogs were compared, significant reductions were observed for all parameters, with the exception of NEFA and GLUC. However, when these reductions were compared between C and T groups, significant differences were detected only for haptoglobin (T before v. T after: 1545 v. 605 mg/l, P = 0·03; C before v. C after: 1635 v. 1400 mg/l, P = NS). Positive correlations between haptoglobin and CHOL and between haptoglobin and TAG were observed before but not after WLP. In conclusion, feeding obese dogs with the energy-restricted diet caused significant weight loss and reduction of blood parameters, irrespective of the sc-FOS content included. However, serum haptoglobin level, and the subclinical inflammatory condition associated with it, was significantly lowered in the T but not in the C group.

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Nurses’ perspectives about communication with patients in an intensive care setting using a communication board: A pilot study

Health SA Gesondheid ◽

10.4102/hsag.v24i0.1162 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

Author(s):

Martelize Gropp ◽

Ensa Johnson ◽

Juan Bornman ◽

Rajinder Koul

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Care Setting ◽

Test Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Intensive Care Setting ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Test ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Communication Needs ◽

Communication Board

Background: Communication in the intensive care setting (ICS) is critical for both the patient and the medical staff to provide efficient care and thus alleviate possible patient adverse effects. Persons with complex communication needs are particularly vulnerable in ICSs and therefore require additional communication support.Aim: This study focused on the perspectives of nurses about communication with patients with communication needs in ICSs using paper-based communication boards, namely the translated Vidatak EZ Board, before and after a training session.Setting: A 1650-bed public hospital with a 26-bed ICS in a semi-urban, low socio-economic area in South Africa served as the research setting.Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test group design with withdrawal and a control group was used. Data were gathered using a custom-designed questionnaire completed by ICS nurse participants recruited from a public hospital.Results: Responses of some nurses did not change in post-test 1, but their responses did change in post-test 2. Some of the nurses’ perspectives changed, as expected from the pre-test to post-test 1. Nurses recommended specific adaptations to the communication board.Conclusions: Most nurses agreed that communication is crucial in ICSs and that a communication board can be implemented; however, limited success was observed implementing the board following a short training. The inter-professional collaboration between nurses and speech-language therapists to provide optimal health care to patients in ICS is emphasised.

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INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF REFLEXOLOGY IN INTENSITY OF PAIN AND ANXIETY AMONG PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM METASTATIC CANCER IN ADULTS’ HEMATOLOGY WARD

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i6.25212 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 401 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Simin Jahani ◽

Fatemeh Salari ◽

Nasrin Elahi ◽

Bahman Cheraghian

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Metastatic Cancer ◽

Test Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Anxiety Management ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

Objective: Findings suggest dissatisfaction of half of the cancer patients regarding pain and anxiety management. This study aimed to determine the effect of reflexology on the intensity of pain and anxiety among patients with metastatic cancer hospitalized inadulthematology ward. Methods: In this study, the samples were selected from adult hematology ward in Baghaei 2 hospital in Ahwaz, Iran, according to the inclusion criteria. They were then assigned into treatment and control groups. In the treatment group, reflexology protocol was performed following manual reflexology method by Fr Josef Eugster based on Ingham method on the patient’s bed. In the control group, sole touching was used as the placebo. Reflexology was performed for three days, 30 min per day. Spielberger questionnaire were provided to the samples and completed in the first and third days, and Spielberger questionnaire was provided to the samples and completed. The data obtained from this study were then analyzed by SPSS 20.Results: The two groups did not show a significant difference in terms of demographic characteristics (p>0.05). Based on the obtained results, it was found that in the test group, there was a significant difference between the mean intensity of pain before and after the treatment across all 3 days as well as the mean anxiety of the 1st and 3rd days (p<0.05). However, in the control group, there was no significant difference in terms of mean pain intensity before and after the treatment across 3 days (p>0.05). No significant difference was observed between the mean anxiety of the 1st and 3rd days either (p>0.05).Conclusion: Considering the findings of this research, it can be concluded that reflexology has a positive effect on mitigating the intensity of pain and anxiety in metastatic cancer patients. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses employed in cancer centers benefit from the findings of this research to further help patients with cancer. It is also suggested that further research be conducted on the effect of reflexology on the pain and anxiety of other patients.

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C – reactive protein in saliva of non-smoking patients with periodontitis (a pilot study)

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.17532/jhsci.2021.1327 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zerina Hadžić ◽

Ivan Puhar

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Test Group ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Control Group ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Inflammatory Biomarker ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Before And After ◽

Oral Hygiene Instructions ◽

And Control

Introduction: C-reactive Protein (CRP) as an inflammatory biomarker can be easily determined in saliva, but the values of salivary CRP in periodontitis are not well-studied. The aim of this study was to analyze and determine the values of salivary CRP in non-smokers with periodontitis stage 3 or 4 before and after supragingival and subgingival full-mouth periodontal therapy.Methods: Standard periodontal parameters and saliva samples were collected in 12 non-smoking patients. Patients in the test group (n = 6) underwent supragingival and subgingival full-mouth periodontal therapy, and the control group (n = 6) received only supragingival full-mouth therapy. Both groups received the same oral hygiene instructions in addition to therapy. After 3 months, re-registration of periodontal parameters and re-sampling of saliva for analysis of salivary CRP were done for both groups.Results: Statistical analysis revealed large differences in the values of clinical periodontal parameters and CRP levels in the test group after therapy. Values of salivary CRP in the test and control groups were lower 3 months the therapy; however, the results were not statistically significant. The correlation of clinical periodontal parameters and salivary CRP varied in both groups.Conclusion: Our pilot study reveals decreased concentrations of salivary C-reactive protein in non-smoking patients following non-surgical periodontal therapy. Further studies are needed to prove the reliability of salivary CRP as a biomarker for periodontitis.

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Effect of toxic trace element detoxification, body fat reduction following four-week intake of the Wellnessup diet: a three-arm, randomized clinical trial

10.21203/rs.2.23045/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Su-Jin Jung ◽

Woo-Lim Kim ◽

Byung-Hyun Park ◽

Seung-Ok Lee ◽

Soowan Chae

Keyword(s):

Trace Element ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Test Group ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Control Group ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Restricted Diet ◽

Fat Reduction ◽

Toxic Trace Element

Abstract Background: Detox diet are known as a popular dieting strategies that helps toxins elimination and weight manage but there is very little clinical evidence. The Wellnessup diet (WD) used in the present study designed as a healthy meals based on organic plant based diets including various vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts and phytonutrients. Methods: To evaluate the effects of 4 week intake of the WD on toxic trace element detoxification, body fat reduction, and safety parameters. Forty-five women with body mass index (BMI) of 23.5-30 kg/m2 were recruited. Thirty of them were assigned 1:1 to the test group (WD, 15 subjects) and control group 1 (calorie-restricted diet, CRD, 15 subjects) in a single blind and randomized, and the remaining 15 subjects were assigned to control group 2 (maintaining regular diet, MRD). The primary outcome were toxic trace element levels in hair (29 types of heavy metals), and the secondary outcomes were changes in anthropometric and urinary organic acids. Results: The levels of four toxic trace elements in hair decreased in the WD group after the diet compared to before the diet. Ni, Rh, Sn, and Ga were significantly lower in the WD group than in the CRD or MRD group (p<0.05). At the end of the trial, both WD and CRD groups had lower BMI, Waist Circumference(WC), Hip Circumference(HC) and WHR compared to the baseline values (p<0.05). Compared to the WD group, the CRD group had a greater mean change (p<0.05) from the baseline for weight loss (-3.22±0.48kg vs -1.88±0.95kg vs) and fat free mass (-2.08 kg vs -1.09 kg). The weight, BMI, body fat mass, fat free mass, WC, and HC of the CRD group were significantly decreased compared to the MRD (p<0.05). No significant changes in any safety parameter were observed. Conclusions: Use of WD might have several beneficial effects and safety such as body fat reduction and improving some the element detoxification through caloric restriction but did not reducing body fat mass more than calorie-restricted diet.

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Functional training vs traditional training benefits for martial arts practitioners

Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy ◽

10.21279/1454-864x-18-i1-056 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol XIX (1) ◽

pp. 366-374

Author(s):

Olaru Florina

Keyword(s):

Martial Arts ◽

Test Group ◽

Training Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Muscular Fitness ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Functional Training ◽

Traditional Training ◽

Before And After ◽

Traditional Resistance Training

Both functional and traditional resistance training increase muscular fitness. This study aims at highlighting the benefits of functional training compared to traditional training. Thus, we analyze the effects of functional training on muscular fitness in terms of endurance, agility, strength, flexibility and balance. A group of 40 martial arts practitioners, aged 18-30 years, was divided in a functional training experimental group (n = 20) and a traditional resistance control group (n = 20). Anthropometric measures were done to the test group of martial arts practitioners which were tested before and after the training study period of 7 weeks. The results showed an important improvement (p < 0.05) in endurance, push-ups, 1-RM bench press and squat, one-leg balance and back extension. Functional training group had a significant increase in flexibility and shoulder girth (p < 0.05). The main difference comparing the two test groups was in flexion time and forearm girth. In conclusion, functional training increases endurance, shoulder girth and flexibility

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Acute effect of foot orthotics on drag area and perceived comfort in cyclists affected by an anatomic asymmetry in time trial position

Journal Of Science & Cycling ◽

10.28985/0620.jsc.01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 5-12

Author(s):

Anthony Bouillod ◽

Marc Retali ◽

Georges Soto-Romero ◽

Emmanuel Brunet ◽

Maxim Frémeaux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Effect Size ◽

Test Group ◽

Time Trial ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Small Effect Size ◽

Before And After ◽

Limb Length Inequality ◽

Elite Cyclists ◽

Drag Area

The aim of this study was to analyse the acute effect of biomechanical foot orthotics on drag area (ACd) and perceived comfort in elite cyclists affected by a lower limb length inequality (LLLI) in TT position. Twenty-nine cyclists performed two discontinuous incremental exercises (before and after orthopaedic correction) using their personal TT bicycle and equipment on a 250-m indoor velodrome. The ACd was unchanged in both the test group (TG) (‑0.5%, p = 0.707) and the control group (CG) (-1.4%, p = 0.276), whereas the perceived comfort was improved in the TG (+6.2%, p = 0.002) and stabilised in the CG (+0.7%, p = 0.546), after the fitting of the foot orthotics. Pelvis movements were decreased (small effect size) in the TG (-6.2%, p = 0.093, ES = 0.251), whereas they were increased (small effect size) in the CG (+5.2%, p= 0.159, ES = 0.215). TT position was slightly improved by compensating for a LLLI, as the ACd was stabilised and the level of comfort was improved. Thus, cyclists affected by a LLLI are recommended to compensate with foot orthotics in order to improve their level of comfort and consequently their performance in TT position.

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Markers of inflammation and insulin resistance in dogs before and after weight loss versus lean healthy dogs

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6245 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 300-305

Author(s):

Juliana T. Jeremias ◽

Thiago H.A. Vendramini ◽

Roberta B.A. Rodrigues ◽

Mariana P. Perini ◽

Vivian Pedrinelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Fat ◽

Peptide Yy ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Grade ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Before And After

ABSTRACT: Chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity is characterized by an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to insulin resistance. For this study body composition, markers of inflammation and of insulin resistance in dogs before and after weight loss were compared to those of lean dogs. Eleven client-owned obese adult dogs underwent a weight loss program with commercial dry food for weight loss and reached an ideal body condition score (BCS) six months after the beginning of the weight loss program. A Control Group of nine dogs with ideal BCS were selected for the comparison. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test for normality, Mann Whitney were used for non-normally distributes data, and Student t-test was used for normally distributed parameters. In the Obese Group body fat decreased from 41.6% (30.7-58.6) to 29.1% (18.6-46.3) (P<0.01) and dogs maintained lean body mass throughout the weight loss program (P>0.05). Obese dogs presented higher concentration of fructosamine, triglycerides, insulin, IGF-1 and leptin than the Control Group before weight reduction (P<0.05). Serum concentrations of triglycerides, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, insulin, leptin and IGF-1 decreased after weight loss (P<0.01), and these concentrations were similar to the Control Group (P>0.05), except for leptin (P<0.001). No alteration on peptide YY was found. Leptin (r=0.60, P=0.01), fructosamine (r=0.44, P=0.02) and triglycerides (r=0.40, P=0.04) concentrations correlated with the reduction of body fat. Weight loss reduced the concentrations of inflammatory and insulin resistance markers and most parameters became similar to dogs that have always been lean, reinforcing the importance of weight loss in small animal practice.

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The Impact of Time-Restricted Diet on Sleep and Metabolism in Obese Volunteers

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56100540 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (10) ◽

pp. 540

Author(s):

Hyeyun Kim ◽

Bong Jin Jang ◽

A Ram Jung ◽

Jayoung Kim ◽

Hyo jin Ju ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Weight Control ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽

Restricted Diet ◽

Ketone Group ◽

Before And After ◽

Successful Weight Loss ◽

The Impact

Background and objectives: A time-restricted diet is one of the various ways to improve metabolic condition and weight control. However, until now, there have been few pieces of evidence and research to verify the methods and effectiveness of time-restricted diets on metabolic improvement and health promoting. We designed this study to make a healthy diet program and to verify the effectiveness of a time-restricted diet on general health, including sleep and metabolism, in healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in healthy adults who are obese but do not have related metabolic disease. Fifteen participants were recruited. Before and after this program, serologic tests including ketone level, questionnaires—daytime sleepiness evaluation such as the Epworth sleepiness scale and the Stanford sleepiness scale, the Korean version of the Pittsburgh sleep questionnaire index, STOP BANG to evaluate sleep apnea, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for emotion/sleep—and polysomnography (PSG) were conducted to evaluate the effects on sleep of the program. They were divided into two groups based on ketone levels that could reflect the constancy of participation in this study. We analyzed the before and after results of each group. Results: Fifteen participants (nine males and six females) completed this program without significant adverse events. Body weight after this program decreased to 78.2 ± 14.1 from 82.0 ± 15.6 kg (p = 0.539), and BMI decreased to 27.9 ± 3.8 from 29.3 ± 4.6 kg/m2 (p = 0.233). Weight loss was observed in 14 subjects except 1 participant. The results from questionnaires before and after this were not significant changes. They were classified into high/low-ketone groups according to the ketone level of the participants. In the results of the PSG, the apnea hypopnea index (25.27 ± 12.67→15.11 ± 11.50/hr, p = 0.25) and oxygen desaturation (18.43 ± 12.79→10.69 ± 10.0/hr, p = 0.004), which are indicators of sleep apnea, also improved in the high-ketone group, compared with the low-ketone group. Satisfaction interviews for this restricted diet program showed that 86% of the participants were willing to participate in the same program again. Conclusion: The time-restricted diet was successful in weight loss for a period of 4 weeks in obese participants, which did not affect the efficiency and architecture of sleep. In addition, successful weight loss and significant improvement of sleep apnea were showed in the high-ketone group. Further research is needed to demonstrate mechanisms for weight loss, sleep apnea, and time-restricted diets.

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THE INFLUENCE OF ENDOMETRIOID HETEROTOPIAS ON THE RED BLOOD PARAMETERS

Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics ◽

10.18821/0869-2084-2020-65-7-424-427 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (7) ◽

pp. 424-427

Author(s):

R. V. Ukrainets ◽

Yulia Sergeevna Korneva

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Blood Analysis ◽

Ca 125 ◽

Differential Diagnostics ◽

Ovarian Cysts ◽

Control Group ◽

Before And After ◽

Medical Histories

Endometrioid heterotopia can have an adverse systemic effect on the organism through erythropoietin synthesis, which can affect erythropoiesis and reflect in blood analysis. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of endometrioid heterotopia on parameters of red blood. The investigated group included patients with endometrioid heterotopias of various localisations (115 cases), functional ovarian cysts made up the control group (28 cases). Retrospectively, the number of red blood cells, the amount of hemoglobin, and the level of (CA-125) were recorded in the medical histories. The parameters were taken into account both before and after radical surgery. The highest values of the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin are observed in endometrioid ovarian cysts, followed by adenomyosis, endometriosis of the pelvic peritoneum and skin scar, respectively. After surgery, these differences have disappeared. Comparison of the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin before and after surgery revealed significant changes for both parameters in the group of patients with endometriosis, while in the control group the number of red blood cells and the level of hemoglobin did not change significantly. The number of cases with endometrioid ovarian cysts, where the red blood cell count was higher than normal, significantly differed from the control group; on the contrary, with non-endometrioid ovarian cysts, a significantly more frequent decreased number of red blood cells was observed. In addition, red blood counts in patients with endometriosis before surgery had a moderate negative correlation with the level of CA-125 protein.The possible systemic influence of endometrioid heterotopias on erythropoiesis in the form of its stimulation is demonstrated. In non-endometrioid ovarian cysts a significantly more frequent decrease in the number of red blood cells is observed. The reveales pecularities can be used for complex differential diagnostics of ovarian cysts at the preoperative stage due to their easy accessibility and minimally invasive nature.

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Obesity and Circulating Levels of Vitamin D before and after Weight Loss Induced by a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061829 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1829

Author(s):

Silvio Buscemi ◽

Carola Buscemi ◽

Davide Corleo ◽

Giovanni De Pergola ◽

Rosalia Caldarella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Ketogenic Diet ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Blood Concentrations ◽

Low Calorie ◽

Before And After ◽

Circulating Levels

Background: Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, also influencing bone tissue. Several studies have reported that vitamin D blood levels were significantly lower in people with obesity, probably due to its uptake by the adipose tissue. Clinical studies that investigated the changes of circulating levels of vitamin D following weight loss reported controversial data. A very low-calorie ketogenic diet is acknowledged as a reliable treatment to achieve a rapid weight loss. Therefore, we investigated the effect of weight loss, consequent to a very low-calorie ketogenic diet, on vitamin D blood concentrations. Methods: A cohort of 31 people with obesity underwent a very low-calorie ketogenic diet for 10–12 weeks. The serum concentrations of vitamin D, parathormone, calcium and phosphorous were measured before and after weight loss; they were compared to a control group of 20 non-obese, non-diabetic, age- and gender-matched persons. Results: Patients with obesity had a higher habitual intake of vitamin D than the control group (p < 0.05). However, the vitamin D blood levels of the obese group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.005) and they increased after weight loss (p < 0.001). At baseline, vitamin D blood concentrations of the persons with obesity were significantly correlated with both fat mass–kg (r = −0.40; p < 0.05) and body mass index (r = −0.47; p < 0.01). Following very low-calorie ketogenic diet, the change in vitamin D serum concentrations was correlated only with the change in fat mass–kg (r = −0.43; p < 0.01). Conclusion: This study confirmed that patients with obesity have lower vitamin D levels that normalize after significant weight loss, supporting the hypothesis that vitamin D is stored in the adipose tissue and released following weight loss.

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