scholarly journals AB-Kefir Reduced Body Weight and Ameliorated Inflammation in Adipose Tissue of Obese Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet, but Not a High-Sucrose Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2182
Author(s):  
Yung-Tsung Chen ◽  
Ai-Hua Hsu ◽  
Shiou-Yun Chiou ◽  
Yu-Chun Lin ◽  
Jin-Seng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Different Types

Consumption of different types of high-calorie foods leads to the development of various metabolic disorders. However, the effects of multi-strain probiotics on different types of diet-induced obesity and intestinal dysbiosis remain unclear. In this study, mice were fed a control diet, high-fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal fat and 20% kcal carbohydrate), or western diet (WD; 40% kcal fat and 43% kcal carbohydrate) and administered with multi-strain AB-Kefir containing six strains of lactic acid bacteria and a Bifidobacterium strain, at 109 CFU per mouse for 10 weeks. Results demonstrated that AB-Kefir reduced body weight gain, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis with a minor influence on gut microbiota composition in HFD-fed mice, but not in WD-fed mice. In addition, AB-Kefir significantly reduced the weight and size of adipose tissues by regulating the expression of CD36, Igf1, and Pgc1 in HFD-fed mice. Although AB-Kefir did not reduce the volume of white adipose tissue, it markedly regulated CD36, Dgat1 and Mogat1 mRNA expression. Moreover, the abundance of Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group and Ruminiclostridium significantly correlated with changes in body weight, liver weight, and fasting glucose in test mice. Overall, this study provides important evidence to understand the interactions between probiotics, gut microbiota, and diet in obesity treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of gut microbiota on leptin expression and body weight are lessened by high-fat diet in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Yao ◽  
Chaonan Fan ◽  
Xiuqin Fan ◽  
Yuanyuan Lu ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Leptin Expression

AbstractAberration in leptin expression is one of the most frequent features in the onset and progression of obesity, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear and need to be clarified. This study investigated the effects of the absence of gut microbiota on body weight and the expression and promoter methylation of the leptin. Male C57 BL/6 J germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) mice (aged 4–5 weeks) were fed either a normal-fat diet (NFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Six to eight mice from each group, at 15 weeks, were administered exogenous leptin for 7 d. Leptin expression and body weight gain in GF mice were increased by NFD with more CpG sites hypermethylated at the leptin promoter, whereas there was no change with HFD, compared with CV mice. Adipose or hepatic expression of genes associated with fat synthesis (Acc1, Fas and Srebp-1c), hydrolysis and oxidation (Atgl, Cpt1a, Cpt1c, Ppar-α and Pgc-1α) was lower, and hypothalamus expression of Pomc and Socs3 was higher in GF mice than levels in CV mice, particularly with NFD feeding. Exogenous leptin reduced body weight in both types of mice, with a greater effect on CV mice with NFD. Adipose Lep-R expression was up-regulated, and hepatic Fas and hypothalamic Socs3 were down-regulated in both types of mice. Expression of fat hydrolysis and oxidative genes (Atgl, Hsl, Cpt1a, Cpt1c, Ppar-α and Pgc-1α) was up-regulated in CV mice. Therefore, the effects of gut microbiota on the leptin expression and body weight were affected by dietary fat intake.

scholarly journals Effects of Edible Insect Tenebrio molitor Larva Fermentation Extract as a Substitute Protein on Hepatosteatogenesis and Proteomic Changes in Obese Mice Induced by High-Fat Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3615
Author(s):  
Ju Ri Ham ◽  
Ra-Yeong Choi ◽  
Yongjin Lee ◽  
Mi-Kyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Edible Insect ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Protein Rich

Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor larva) are an edible insect and a protein-rich food; however, research on mealworms as a substitute protein is insufficient. In this study, mealworm fermentation extract (TMP) was assessed as a replacement for soy protein (SP) in a control diet (CON) or a high-fat diet (HFD) of mice for 12 weeks. TMP substitution reduced body weight, body weight gain, body fat mass (perirenal and mesenteric), fat size, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance compared to the HFD-SP group. TMP alleviated hepatic steatosis (lipid contents and lipid droplets) in high-fat-fed mice and down-regulated the PPARγ, CD36, and DGAT2 gene levels. Proteomic analysis showed that a HFD for 12 weeks up-regulated 20 proteins and down-regulated 17 proteins in mice fed SP. On the other hand, TMP reversed the protein profiles. TMP significantly down-regulated KHK, GLO1, ATP5H, SOD, and DDAH1 and up-regulated DLD, Mup1, CPS1, Ces3b, PDI, and HYOU1 compared to the HFD-SP group. These proteins are involved in the glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, as well as in oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Thus, substituting SP for TMP helped improve HFD-induced obesity, steatosis, and insulin resistance in mice. These results suggest that TMP is a potential substitute for commonly used protein sources.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF DUNALIELLA SALINA MICROALGAE TO AMELIORATE HIGH-FAT DIET‑INDUCED OBESITY IN ANIMALS’ RODENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farouk K El-baz ◽  
Hanan F Aly
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Related Complication ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Obese Rats

 Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the potential of Dunaliella salina microalgae to ameliorate obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in male Wistar rats.Methods: Fifty rats weighing 150–160 g were fed HFD for 12 weeks. The rats were randomly divided into five groups of ten rats each. Obese rats were orally administered D. salina ethanolic extract (150 mg/Kg body weight), and orlistat as standard drug (12 mg/Kg body weight), for 6 weeks.Results: Treatment of obese rats with both D. salina and orlistat had a significant effect in reducing body and liver weights as well as visceral fat, inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity, decreased lipid profile, and increased fecal fat and ameliorating liver function enzymes activity, insulin, blood glucose, and leptin levels. Besides, food intake was insignificantly increased as a result of D. salina and orlistat treatments compared with normal control rats.Conclusion: It could be concluded that D. salina rich in β-carotene significantly reduced body weight gain and ameliorated several metabolic pathways implicated in obesity and its related complication. Hence, further intensive study must be carried out to formulate D. Salina extracts to apply as a promising natural anti-obesity nutraceutical drug.

scholarly journals Eicosapentaenoic acid actions on adiposity and insulin resistance in control and high-fat-fed rats: role of apoptosis, adiponectin and tumour necrosis factor-α

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pérez-Matute ◽  
Nerea Pérez-Echarri ◽  
J. Alfredo Martínez ◽  
Amelia Marti ◽  
María J. Moreno-Aliaga
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects

n-3 PUFA have shown potential anti-obesity and insulin-sensitising properties. However, the mechanisms involved are not clearly established. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of EPA administration, one of the n-3 PUFA, on body-weight gain and adiposity in rats fed on a standard or a high-fat (cafeteria) diet. The actions on white adipose tissue lipolysis, apoptosis and on several genes related to obesity and insulin resistance were also studied. Control and cafeteria-induced overweight male Wistar rats were assigned into two subgroups, one of them daily received EPA ethyl ester (1 g/kg) for 5 weeks by oral administration. The high-fat diet induced a very significant increase in both body weight and fat mass. Rats fed with the cafeteria diet and orally treated with EPA showed a marginally lower body-weight gain (P = 0·09), a decrease in food intake (P < 0·01) and an increase in leptin production (P < 0·05). EPA administration reduced retroperitoneal adipose tissue weight (P < 0·05) which could be secondary to the inhibition of the adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ gene expression (P < 0·001), and also to the increase in apoptosis (P < 0·05) found in rats fed with a control diet. TNFα gene expression was significantly increased (P < 0·05) by the cafeteria diet, while EPA treatment was able to prevent (P < 0·01) the rise in this inflammatory cytokine. Adiposity-corrected adiponectin plasma levels were increased by EPA. These actions on both TNFα and adiponectin could explain the beneficial effects of EPA on insulin resistance induced by the cafeteria diet.

scholarly journals Luteolin Improves Insulin Resistance in Postmenopausal Obese Mice by Altering Macrophage Polarization (FS12-01-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjung Baek ◽  
Mi Nam Lee ◽  
Dayong Wu ◽  
Munkyong Pae
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice

Abstract Objectives Previously, we showed that loss of ovarian function in mice fed high-fat diet exacerbated insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation. In the current study, we tested whether consumption of luteolin, an anti-inflammatory flavonoid, could mitigate adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in obese ovariectomized mice. Methods Nine-week-old ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD supplemented with 0.005% luteolin (HFD + L) for 16 weeks. The anti-inflammatory drug salicylate was used as a positive control. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance index HOMA-IR were measured every 4 weeks. Adipose tissue and spleen were characterized for tissue inflammation by real-time PCR and immune cell populations by flow cytometry after 16 weeks of feeding. Results HFD resulted in more body weight gain than LFD in ovariectomized mice and supplementing HFD with 0.005% luteolin did not affect the body weight gain. In addition, HFD elicited a significant elevation in fat mass, which were comparable between HFD and HFD + L groups. However, luteolin supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in CD11c+ macrophages in gonadal adipose tissue, as well as a trend of decrease in macrophage infiltration. Luteolin supplementation also significantly decreased mRNA expression of inflammatory and M1 markers MCP-1, CD11c, TNF-a, and IL-6, while maintaining expression of M2 marker MGL1. We further found that luteolin treatment protected mice from insulin resistance induced by HFD consumption; this improved insulin resistance was correlated with reductions in CD11c+ adipose tissue macrophages. Conclusions Our findings indicate that dietary luteolin supplementation attenuates adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance found in mice with loss of ovarian function coupled with a HFD intake, and this effect may be partly mediated through suppressing M1-like polarization of macrophages in adipose tissue. These results have clinical implication in implementing dietary intervention for prevention of metabolic syndrome associated with postmenopause and obesity. Funding Sources Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (NRF-2018R1A1A1A05078886).

scholarly journals It’s the fiber, not the fat: Significant effects of dietary challenge on the gut microbiome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen E. Morrison ◽  
Eldin Jašarević ◽  
Christopher D. Howard ◽  
Tracy L. Bale
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
High Fat ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundDietary effects on the gut microbiome has been shown to play a key role in the pathophysiology of behavioral dysregulation, inflammatory disorders, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Often overlooked is that experimental diets vary significantly in the proportion and source of dietary fiber. Commonly, treatment comparisons are made between animals that are fed refined diets that lack soluble fiber and animals fed vivarium-provided chow diet that contain a rich source of soluble fiber. Despite the well-established role of soluble fiber on metabolism, immunity, and behavior via the gut microbiome, the extent to which measured outcomes may be driven by differences in dietary fiber is unclear. Further, the significant impact of sex and age in response to dietary challenge is likely important and should also be considered.ResultsWe compared the impact of transitioning young and aged male and female mice from a chow diet to a refined low soluble fiber diet on body weight and gut microbiota. Then, to determine the contribution of dietary fat, we examined the impact of transitioning a subset of animals from refined low fat to refined high fat diet. Serial tracking of body weights revealed that consumption of low fat or high fat refined diet increased body weight in young and aged adult male mice. Young adult females showed resistance to body weight gain, while high fat diet-fed aged females had significant body weight gain. Transition from a chow diet to low soluble fiber refined diet accounted for most of the variance in community structure and composition across all groups. This dietary transition was characterized by a loss of taxa within the phylum Bacteroidetes and a concurrent bloom of Clostridia and Proteobacteria in a sex- and age-specific manner. Most notably, no changes to gut microbiota community structure and composition were observed between mice consuming either low- or high-fat diet, suggesting that transition to the refined diet that lacks soluble fiber is the primary driver of gut microbiota alterations, with limited additional impact of dietary fat on gut microbiota.ConclusionCollectively, our results show that the choice of control diet has a significant impact on outcomes and interpretation related to body weight and gut microbiota. These data also have broad implications for rodent studies that draw comparisons between refined high fat diets and chow diets to examine dietary fat effects on metabolic, immune, behavioral, and neurobiological outcomes.

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