scholarly journals Revisiting Konzo Risk Factors in Three Areas Differently Affected by Spastic Paraparesis in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo Discloses a Prominent Role of the Nutritional Status—A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2628
Author(s):  
Marius Baguma ◽  
Espoir Bwenge Malembaka ◽  
Esto Bahizire ◽  
Germain Zabaday Mudumbi ◽  
Dieudonné Bahati Shamamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cyanide Poisoning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

This comparative cross-sectional study aimed to better understand the respective contributions of protein malnutrition and cassava-derived cyanide poisoning in the development of konzo. We compared data on nutritional status and cyanide exposure of school-age adolescent konzo-diseased patients to those of non-konzo subjects of similar age from three areas in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Our results show that konzo patients had a high prevalence of both wasting (54.5%) and stunting (72.7%), as well as of cyanide poisoning (81.8%). Controls from Burhinyi and those from Idjwi showed a similar profile with a low prevalence of wasting (3.3% and 6.5%, respectively) and intermediate prevalence of stunting (26.7% and 23.9%, respectively). They both had a high prevalence of cyanide poisoning (50.0% and 63.0%, respectively), similar to konzo-patients. On the other hand, controls from Bukavu showed the lowest prevalence of both risk factors, namely chronic malnutrition (12.1%) and cyanide poisoning (27.6%). In conclusion, cassava-derived cyanide poisoning does not necessarily coexist with konzo outbreaks. The only factor differentiating konzo patients from healthy individuals exposed to cyanide poisoning appeared to be their worse nutritional status. This further suggests that, besides the known role of cyanide poisoning in the pathogenesis of konzo, malnutrition may be a key factor for the disease occurrence.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of depression symptoms among rural and urban populations affected by Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a representative cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e053375
Author(s):  
Jude Mary Cénat ◽  
Pari-Gole Noorishad ◽  
Rose Darly Dalexis ◽  
Cécile Rousseau ◽  
Daniel Derivois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

ObjectivesHigh mortality rates, anxiety and distress associated with Ebola virus disease (EVD) are risk factors for mood disorders in affected communities. This study aims to document the prevalence and risk factors associated with depressive symptoms among a representative sample of individuals affected by EVD.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe current study was conducted 7 months (March 11, 2019 to April 23, 2019) after the end of the ninth outbreak of EVD in the province of Equateur in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).ParticipantsA large population-based sample of 1614 adults (50% women, Mage=34.05; SD=12.55) in health zones affected by the ninth outbreak in DRC.Primary and secondary outcome measuresParticipants completed questionnaires assessing EVD exposure level, stigmatisation related to EVD and depressive symptoms. The ORs associated with sociodemographic data, EVD exposure level and stigmatisation were analysed through logistic regressions.ResultsOverall, 62.03% (95% CI 59.66% to 64.40%) of individuals living in areas affected by EVD were categorised as having severe depressive symptoms. The multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that adults in the two higher score categories of exposure to EVD were at two times higher risk of developing severe depressive symptoms (respectively, OR 1.94 (95% CI 1.22 to 3.09); OR 2.34 (95% CI 1.26 to 4.34)). Individuals in the two higher categories of stigmatisation were two to four times more at risk (respectively, OR 2.42 (95% CI 1.53 to 3.83); OR 4.73 (95% CI 2.34 to 9.56)). Living in rural areas (OR 0.19 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.38)) and being unemployed (OR 0.68 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.93)) increased the likelihood of having severe depressive symptoms.ConclusionsResults indicate that depressive symptoms in EVD affected populations is a major public health problem that must be addressed through culturally adapted mental health programs.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status and Risk Factors for Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Pérez-Ros ◽  
Rafael Vila-Candel ◽  
Lourdes López-Hernández ◽  
Francisco Miguel Martínez-Arnau
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Older People ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Dwelling Older People ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: This study aims to assess the relationship that frailty has with nutritional status and functional risk factors in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Cross-sectional study in community-dwelling older people, independent for walking and without impaired cognition. Frailty was assessed by Fried criteria. Nutritional status was analyzed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), biochemical markers (albumin, total proteins, cholesterol, lymphocytes, and hemoglobin); and anthropometric parameters (body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage, handgrip, and perimeters). A comprehensive geriatric assessment analyzed other risk factors: functionality, cognition, falls, comorbidity, polypharmacy, physical activity, and quality of life (QoL). Results: We included 564 elderly people with a mean age of 76.05 (standard deviation 3.97) years; 63.1% (n = 356) were women, and 83.9% (n = 473) were prefrail, and frail. The sample presented high functionality and a nutritional status with a predominance of overweight and obesity. Factors associated with frailty (R2 = 0.43) were age over 75 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.76, 6.21; p < 0.001), female gender (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.24, 4.52; p = 0.009), anemia (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.19, 5.02; p = 0.015), falls (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.12, 3.25; p = 0.016) and the fear of falling (OR 4.01: 95% CI 1.76, 9.16; p = 0.001). Performing more than 3 weekly hours of physical activity was found to be a protective factor (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.15, 0.35; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The relationship between frailty and malnutrition in functionally independent community-dwelling older people is unclear. More studies are needed to know what nutritional markers are related to frailty, cognition, and functionality in order to discriminate the risk factors for community-dwelling older people at risk of malnutrition and dependency.

scholarly journals Investigation into the Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Infection in Calves among Small-Holder Dairy and Traditional Herds in Tanzania

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel S. Swai ◽  
Luuk Schoonman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
House Floor ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence and risk factors of cryptosporidiosis in bovine from two contrasting production system in and around Tanga municipality between May 2003 and January 2004. The study populations comprised 117 calves aged ≤3 months, randomly selected from 44 smallholders dairy and traditional managed herds, respectively. Individual calf and herd-level information was collected using a structured questionnaire and feacal samples were screened forCryptosporidiumspp oocysts using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen method. Overall, 35% of the calves in the study were sheddingCryptosporidiumspp oocysts, with at least one positive calf detected in 54.5% of herds. Independent risk factors for cryptosporidiosis were: age ≥1 to ≤2 months and level of cleanness of calf house floor categorized as dirty (). Similarly an increases risk ofCryptosporidiumspp infection was found in calves from smallholder dairy units compared to traditional herds (). The finding highlights thatCryptosporidiumspp is prevalent among calves in the area under study. The high prevalence of cryptosporidiosis detected in this study suggests that it may have a significant impact on livestock industry and that the close interaction between cattle and human may play a role in zoonotic transmission to humans.

Risk factors associated with sensitive skin and potential role of lifestyle habits: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 656-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Falcone ◽  
R. J. H. Richters ◽  
N. E. Uzunbajakava ◽  
P. E. J. van Erp ◽  
P. C. M. van de Kerkhof
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Sensitive Skin ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension in Two Communes in the Vietnam Northern Mountainous, 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhon Bui Van ◽  
Quyet Pham Van ◽  
Long Vo Hoang ◽  
Tung Bui Van ◽  
Nguyen Nguyen Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Isolated Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence

Background. The aims were to characterize the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and explore its associations in the northern mountainous. Methods. We carried out a cross-sectional study in two communes in Chiem Hoa district, Tuyen Quang province, between June and November 2017. All subjects at the age of 18 years and over currently living in two communes. The usage of the descriptive statistics was to characterize the HTN prevalence. We used the univariate and multivariate models of logistic regression to determine the prevalence and related factors of HTN. Results. There were 319 people with overall HTN in the total of 675 participants. Among people with HTN, there were 101 ones with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). The proportion of HTN among the Tay ethnic group was 47.6%. The factors related to HTN included group, body mass index (BMI), low physical fitness, and waist-hip ratio (WHR). These factors as well as the ethnicity were significantly associated with ISH. Conclusions. Two communes of Chiem Hoa district in Tuyen Quang province had a high prevalence of HTN. Age, BMI, WHR, and physical activity were the risk factors of overall HTN and ISH. In particular, ISH was affected by ethnicity.

scholarly journals Role of Inflammation on the Control of the Arterial Hypertension among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Ylber Jani ◽  
Atila Rexhepi ◽  
Bekim Pocesta ◽  
Ahmet Kamberi ◽  
Fatmir Ferati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Current Guidelines

BACKGROUND: It is widely accepted that hypertension is a pro-inflammatory disease and that the immune system plays a vital role in mediating hypertensive outcomes, end organ damages . and modulation of hypertensive pathology [2]. Patient with MetS usually present increased levels of C-reaktive protein (CRP) wich is a prototypic marker of inflammation [5], however the data of the influence of incresed levels of CRP on the control of the aterial hypertension in patients with MetS, are scarce. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the incresed CRP levels influence on the control of the aterial hypertension in patients with MetS. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter observational cross-sectional study. The study population recruited from a coule of outpatient clinic between june 2018 and june 2019. The population study consisted of 420 patients with MetS aged ≥ 18 years, divided in two groups:211 with level of CRP>3mg/l , and 209 participans with CRP level <3mg/l. RESULTS: Among those with CRP level > 3mg/l(N=211) controlled BP according to evidence and current guidelines, was achieved in 23.6% of participans, whereas among those with CRP level <3mg/l(N=209) controlled BP was achived in 48.3%; p=0.000). There was independent association of CRP levels >3mg/l with uncontrolled BP (OR=3.1, 95%CI 2.06 - 4.75). There were signifiacant association of uncontrolled BP with: uncontrolled glycemia (OR =1.4,95%CI 0.97-1.84); increased BMI (OR=4.4; 95%CI 3.02-4.05) and five risk factors for MetS.(OR=2.3, 95%CI 1.93-2.81). CONCLUSIONS: We think,we brought some good evidence,in our present study ,that patients with MetS and higher CRP level have a higher prevalence of unconrolled BP.

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