scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of Selected Vitamins Deficiencies on the Risk of Disability in Older People

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3163
Author(s):  
Wassim Gana ◽  
Arnaud De Luca ◽  
Camille Debacq ◽  
Fanny Poitau ◽  
Pierre Poupin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
Nutrient Assimilation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
The Impact

Vitamin deficiencies have a serious impact on healthy aging in older people. Many age-related disorders have a direct or indirect impact on nutrition, both in terms of nutrient assimilation and food access, which may result in vitamin deficiencies and may lead to or worsen disabilities. Frailty is characterized by reduced functional abilities, with a key role of malnutrition in its pathogenesis. Aging is associated with various changes in body composition that lead to sarcopenia. Frailty, aging, and sarcopenia all favor malnutrition, and poor nutritional status is a major cause of geriatric morbidity and mortality. In the present narrative review, we focused on vitamins with a significant risk of deficiency in high-income countries: D, C, and B (B6/B9/B12). We also focused on vitamin E as the main lipophilic antioxidant, synergistic to vitamin C. We first discuss the role and needs of these vitamins, the prevalence of deficiencies, and their causes and consequences. We then look at how these vitamins are involved in the biological pathways associated with sarcopenia and frailty. Lastly, we discuss the critical early diagnosis and management of these deficiencies and summarize potential ways of screening malnutrition. A focused nutritional approach might improve the diagnosis of nutritional deficiencies and the initiation of appropriate clinical interventions for reducing the risk of frailty. Further comprehensive research programs on nutritional interventions are needed, with a view to lowering deficiencies in older people and thus decreasing the risk of frailty and sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Sleep disordered breathing at the extremes of age: the elderly

Breathe ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison McMillan ◽  
Mary J. Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older People ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
List Type ◽  
Pressure Therapy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Key pointsSleep disordered breathing (SDB) is common and its prevalence increases with age. Despite this high prevalence, SDB is frequently unrecognised and undiagnosed in older people.There is accumulating evidence that SDB in older people is associated with worsening cardio- cerebrovascular, cognitive and functional outcomes.There is now good evidence to support the use of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in older patients with symptomatic SDB.Educational aimsTo highlight the prevalence and presentation of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in older people.To inform readers about the risk factors for SDB in older people.To explore the impact of SDB in older people.To introduce current evidence based treatment options for SDB in older people.Sleep disordered breathing (SBD) increases in prevalence as we age, most likely due to physiological and physical changes that occur with ageing. Additionally, SDB is associated with comorbidity and its subsequent polypharmacy, which may increase with increasing age. Finally, the increased prevalence of SDB is intrinsically linked to the obesity epidemic. SDB is associated with serious outcomes in younger people and, likewise, older people. Thus, identification, diagnosis and treatment of SDB is important irrelevant of age. This article reviews the age-related changes contributing to SDB, the epidemiology and the risk factors for SDB in older people, the association of SDB with adverse outcomes, and diagnostic and treatment options for this population.

Socio-economic disadvantage and poverty

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Alisoun Milne
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Fundamental Building Block ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Uk ◽  
State Pension ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 5 is the first of three chapters exploring the impact of age related risks affecting particular sub populations of older people. Socioeconomic disadvantage in later life tends to reflect a lifecourse status. It amplifies what is already present. In 2016/17 one million older people were living in poverty; an additional 1.2 million were living just above the poverty line. These numbers are rising. Those aged 85 years or over, frail older people, older women and single older people are particularly at risk. Poor older people are also more likely to live in poor housing and be exposed to fuel poverty. Being poor - and its concomitants - compromises mental health in a number of profound ways. It undermines an older person’s capacity to make choices, retain independence, save for a crisis, maintain social contacts and be digitally included. It is linked with worry, loss of control over life and shame. Poor older people are at heightened risk of isolation and loneliness, stress, anxiety and depression. The UK has a weak policy record, compared with other developed countries, of sustainably and coherently addressing poverty in later life. One of the cornerstones of doing so is a continued commitment to the basic state pension as a fundamental building block of a secure old age. Addressing poor housing is also pivotal.

scholarly journals A-03 The Brain–Body Connection in Aging Neurological Populations: Examining the Impact of Exercise and Sedentary Behavior on Brain Structure and Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults with Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-776
Author(s):  
C Roman ◽  
P Arnett
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Graph Theory ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Advancements in treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) have led to an increase in the number of older adults living with the disease. Exercise has been shown to be remarkably beneficial for “healthy aging,” while sedentary behavior has proved to have more deleterious effects. Despite evidence for the impact of these factors, their influence on older adults with MS is largely unknown. The current study utilizes volumetric measures and graph theory to investigate the relationship between physical activity/sedentary behavior, structural brain indices, and cognition in older adults with MS. Method Twenty-seven older adults (55+) with MS were scanned during a structural MRI protocol and cognitively evaluated using the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite and Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Graph theory metrics were calculated to examine white matter network properties. FreeSurfer was used to calculate volumes for subcortical structures. Exercise was quantified as the ‘days per week engaged in moderate activity,’ while sedentary behavior was measured as ‘hours per day sitting.’ Results Multiple regression interaction analyses were conducted. Results showed an exercise by age interaction, such that exercise protected against the negative effects of age on thalamic volume and assortivity. Hours sitting per day was shown to add to the negative effects of aging on structural networks even after controlling for exercise. Lastly, exercise was observed to be protective against age-related cognitive decline in this sample. Conclusions This is one of the first studies to examine exercise/sedentariness and brain indices in older adults with MS, pointing to possible brain altering and protective interventions for this group.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF LIFESTYLE BEHAVIORS ON HEALTHY AGING TRAJECTORIES: THE ATHLOS PROJECT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S799-S800
Author(s):  
Christina Daskalopoulou ◽  
Yu-Tzu Wu ◽  
Artemis Koukounari ◽  
Graciela Muniz Terrera ◽  
Stefanos Tyrovolas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviours ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Growth Mixture Modelling ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Multilevel Item Response Theory ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The number of people above 60 years old will double by 2050. There is a considerate variability in the health status of older people. The identification of the different trajectories that people follow as they grow older constitutes one of the aims of the ATHLOS project. In the current study, we created a metric of health in the four available waves (2001, 2003, 2012, 2015) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) by employing Bayesian multilevel Item Response Theory. Growth mixture modelling indicated that older Mexicans (n=14,143) age by following four distinct pathways (i.e. high-stable, moderate-stable, low-stable, decliners). Adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviours (i.e. physical activity, non-smoking, limited alcohol consumption) was associated with better health trajectories. Preliminary analyses in the ATHLOS harmonised dataset also suggest that older people age by following four distinct pathways. The impact of lifestyle behaviours within the harmonised dataset will be investigated and also presented.

Preventive Interventions for the Second Half of Life: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1122-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cother Hajat ◽  
Adriana Selwyn ◽  
Mark Harris ◽  
Derek Yach
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Recent improvements in life expectancy globally require intensified focus on noncommunicable diseases and age-related conditions. The purpose of this article is to inform the development of age-specific prevention guidelines for adults aged 50 and above, which are currently lacking. Data Source: PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar and explicit outreach to experts in the field. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Meta-analyses, intervention-based, and prospective cohort studies that reported all-cause mortality, disease-specific mortality, or morbidity in adults were included. Data Extraction: A systematic review was undertaken in 2015 using search terms of a combination of <risk factor> and “intervention,” “mortality,” “reduction,” “improvement,” “death,” and “morbidity.” Data Synthesis: Interventions were categorized according to the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Level of Evidence framework. Results: A summary table reports for each intervention the impact, strength of evidence, initiation, duration, and details of the intervention. Age-decade-specific preventive recommendations have been proposed relating to physical activity, diet, tobacco and alcohol use, medication adherence, screening and vaccination, and mental and cognitive health. Conclusion: Clear recommendations have been made according to the existing evidence base, but further research investment is needed to fill the many gaps. Further, personalized approaches to healthy aging complemented by population-wide approaches and broader cross-sector partnerships will help to ensure greater longevity is an opportunity, rather than a burden, for society.

scholarly journals Müller Glia regenerative potential is maintained throughout life despite neurodegeneration and gliosis in the ageing zebrafish retina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel R. Martins ◽  
Mazen Zamzam ◽  
Mariya Moosajee ◽  
Ryan Thummel ◽  
Catarina M. Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Muller Glia ◽  
Müller Glia ◽  
Light Damage ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ability To Regenerate ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTAgeing is a significant risk factor for degeneration of the retina. Harnessing the regenerative potential of Müller glia cells (MG) in the retina offers great promise for the treatment of blinding conditions. Yet, the impact of ageing on MG regenerative capacity has not yet been considered. Here we show that the zebrafish retina undergoes telomerase-independent age-related neurodegeneration. Yet, this progressive neuronal loss in the ageing retina is insufficient to stimulate the MG regenerative response. Instead, age-related neurodegeneration leads to MG gliosis and loss of vision, similarly to humans. Nevertheless, gliotic MG cells retain Yap expression and the ability to regenerate neurons after acute light damage. Therefore, we identify key differences in the MG response to acute versus chronic damage in the zebrafish retina and show that aged gliotic MG can be stimulated to repair damaged neurons in old age.SUMMARYOur data suggest there are key differences between mechanisms driving regeneration in response to acute damage versus age-related chronic damage. It may be that either the number of cells dying in natural ageing is not enough to stimulate MG to proliferate, or the low number of microglia and respective signals released are not sufficient to trigger MG proliferation. Importantly, we show that gliotic MG cells can be stimulated to repair damaged neurons in old zebrafish retina.

scholarly journals THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1, APOLIPOPROTEIN E Ε4, LIFESTYLE FACTORS, AND THE AGING BODY AND BRAIN

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
S.A. Galle ◽  
I.K. Geraedts ◽  
J.B. Deijen ◽  
M.V. Milders ◽  
M.L. Drent
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Aging is associated with a decrease in body and brain function and with a decline in insulin-like growth factor 1 levels. The observed associations between alterations in insulin-like growth factor 1 levels and cognitive functioning and Mild Cognitive Impairment suggest that altered insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling may accompany Alzheimer’s disease or is involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Recent animal research has suggested a possible association between insulin-like growth factor 1 levels and the Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele, a genetic predisposition to Alzheimer’s disease. It is therefore hypothesized that a reduction in insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling may moderate the vulnerability to Alzheimer’s disease of human Apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers. We address the impact of age-related decline of insulin-like growth factor 1 levels on physical and brain function in healthy aging and Alzheimer’s disease and discuss the links between insulin-like growth factor 1 and the Apolipoprotein E ε4 polymorphism. Furthermore, we discuss lifestyle interventions that may increase insulin-like growth factor 1 serum levels, including physical activity and adherence to a protein rich diet and the possible benefits to the physical fitness and cognitive functioning of the aging population.

scholarly journals Learning Together During a Pandemic Lockdown: Connecting Older Mentors with Nursing Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 951-951
Author(s):  
Alison Phinney ◽  
Frances Affleck
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Older People ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Nursing education tends to focus on complex clinical issues affecting older adults who are acutely ill or in long-term care. This creates challenges for educators wanting to expose students to a greater range of experience, including realities of healthy aging. Opportunities to do things differently were presented when an established undergraduate nursing course on complex aging care underwent significant adjustment in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the course was condensed and moved online and clinical sites closed, invitations were extended to community-dwelling older people who wanted to “help teach nursing students about aging”. The response was overwhelming; over nine days, 118 people (ages 65-94) volunteered to be mentors. Through weekly online/ phone conversations, each person guided their assigned student to learn about diverse experiences of aging. Post-survey results showed the impact of these conversations. Over 90% of mentors felt they had contributed in a meaningful way to student learning and would do it again and recommend it to others. 85% of students felt it was a meaningful experience, offering comments like: “I am more mindful of my assumptions now” and “I learned to approach interactions with older adults as a collaboration; we have so much to give each other”. These results provide a needed counterpoint to the predominant COVID discourse of older people as “isolated, helpless, and needy”. Students came to understand that older people were also “engaged, active, and contributing” and identified how this had changed their view of aging. Implications for nursing education are explored.

scholarly journals Exploring the Impact of Age-Related COVID-19 Messaging on Internalized Ageism in Older Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 945-945
Author(s):  
Ruheena Sangrar ◽  
Stephanie Chesser ◽  
Michelle Porter
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Public health messages during the COVID-19 pandemic have indicated a higher risk for older people and/or those who have multiple health conditions. Subsequent societal discourse, however, has at times arguably protested the full protection and treatment of older people from COVID-19, potentially contributing to internalized ageism. To date, how older people interpret age-related pandemic messaging and discourse has not been explored. This study examined older adults’ perspectives of age-related COVID-19 messaging and societal discourse, as well as their perceptions of vulnerability, using a social constructionism framework. Adults age 65 to 89 years participated in semi-structured interviews about their thoughts and experiences with ongoing pandemic-related public messaging. Preliminary analysis suggests that participant perspectives of COVID-19 messaging are situated along a continuum of concern associated with contracting the virus. While some, for example, describe minimal concern, others express being fearful. Individual perceptions of safety appear to be informed, in part, by the presence or absence of an underlying health condition. Individual approaches to media criticism and consumption, personal risk-taking thresholds, financial stability, and social connectedness also appear to influence how the participants perceive pandemic-related messaging. Findings suggest the framing of COVID-19 and pandemic protocols, as well as the media’s sensationalization of age-related issues, can impact older peoples’ perceived vulnerability of contracting the virus. Future research is needed to understand the long-term implications of ongoing pandemic-related messaging on older adults’ experiences of aging, as well as the consequences such messaging could pose to for their health and social behaviors.

scholarly journals A A Systematic Review on Impact of Edentulism on Nutritional Status of Eldrly Adults as Compared to Dentulous Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 739-748
Author(s):  
PRIYANKA SUTARIYA ◽  
Dr Shruti Mehta ◽  
Dr.Hitendra Shah ◽  
Dr.Viraj Shah ◽  
Dr.Vinita Karia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dependent Elderly ◽  
Age Related Changes

ABSTRACT Background: Age related changes in oral structures and nutritional deficiencies cause difficulties in wearing complete dentures amongst elderly adults Objective: To identify the impact of edentulism on nutritional status of eldrly adults. Methodology: To conduct the present study, information of existing literature are collected from textbooks, printed journals, and electronic databases such as pubmed, scopus, and science direct. Result: Prevalence of malnutrition rises with an increase in age. Edentulous subjects more likely to report trouble in chewing their food as compared to dentulous subjects. Edentulous subjects had significantly lower intake of calories, protein, carbohydrate, fibres, vitamins A, C,B1, and B6 . Intake of calcium and protein was lower in women with dentures than in dentate women. Compromised oral functional status was associated with lower serum albumin levels and lower BMI in functionally dependent elderly people. Conclusion: There is good quality evidence that edentulism is associated with poor diet and compromised nutrition.Although the majority of the studies cited here have not established a cause and effect relationship, results from Sheiham and others. However, more longitudinal studies on this topic are required to further understand the potential role of nutrition in the prevention of age related changes and reduce the failure of complete denture treatment in elderly adults. Keywords:Aging, Complete Denture, Elderly adults, Nutritional Assessment, Nutrition.  

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