A A Systematic Review on Impact of Edentulism on Nutritional Status of Eldrly Adults as Compared to Dentulous Adults

ABSTRACT Background: Age related changes in oral structures and nutritional deficiencies cause difficulties in wearing complete dentures amongst elderly adults Objective: To identify the impact of edentulism on nutritional status of eldrly adults. Methodology: To conduct the present study, information of existing literature are collected from textbooks, printed journals, and electronic databases such as pubmed, scopus, and science direct. Result: Prevalence of malnutrition rises with an increase in age. Edentulous subjects more likely to report trouble in chewing their food as compared to dentulous subjects. Edentulous subjects had significantly lower intake of calories, protein, carbohydrate, fibres, vitamins A, C,B1, and B6 . Intake of calcium and protein was lower in women with dentures than in dentate women. Compromised oral functional status was associated with lower serum albumin levels and lower BMI in functionally dependent elderly people. Conclusion: There is good quality evidence that edentulism is associated with poor diet and compromised nutrition.Although the majority of the studies cited here have not established a cause and effect relationship, results from Sheiham and others. However, more longitudinal studies on this topic are required to further understand the potential role of nutrition in the prevention of age related changes and reduce the failure of complete denture treatment in elderly adults. Keywords:Aging, Complete Denture, Elderly adults, Nutritional Assessment, Nutrition.

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Understanding Older Adults' Memory Distortion in the Light of Stereotype Threat

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.628696 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Marie Mazerolle ◽

Amy M. Smith ◽

McKinzey Torrance ◽

Ayanna K. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Stereotype Threat ◽

Regulatory Focus ◽

Resource Depletion ◽

Memory Distortion ◽

Emotional Factor ◽

Age Related ◽

The Impact ◽

Age Related Changes

Numerous studies have documented the detrimental impact of age-based stereotype threat (ABST) on older adults' cognitive performance and especially on veridical memory. However, far fewer studies have investigated the impact of ABST on older adults' memory distortion. Here, we review the subset of research examining memory distortion and provide evidence for the role of stereotype threat as a powerful socio-emotional factor that impacts age-related susceptibility to memory distortion. In this review we define memory distortion as errors in memory that are associated with gist-based errors or source misattributions. Whereas, some of the reviewed experiments support the conclusion that ABST should be considered in the context of age-related differences in memory distortion, others reported little or no impact of stereotype threat. These discrepancies suggest that the role of ABST, and socio-emotional processes generally, in age-related changes in memory distortion are less clear. In this review, we argue that ABST does play an important role in age-related changes in memory distortion. We present evidence suggesting that discrepancies in the reviewed literature may be reconciled when evaluated in the context of the leading theories about stereotype threat: the Executive Resource Depletion hypothesis and the Regulatory Focus theory. We also discuss how differences in methodology and participant characteristics can account for a priori contradictory results in the literature. Finally, we propose some recommendations for researchers and practitioners when assessing memory in older adults.

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The Role of Personality in Becoming Aware of Age-Related Changes

GeroPsych ◽

10.1024/1662-9647/a000204 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 57-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fiona S. Rupprecht ◽

Anne J. Dutt ◽

Hans-Werner Wahl ◽

Manfred K. Diehl

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related ◽

Patterns Of Behavior ◽

Gains And Losses ◽

The Impact ◽

Subjective Aging ◽

Over Time ◽

Age Related Changes

Abstract. Awareness of age-related change (AARC) refers to an individual’s conscious knowledge about the gains and losses resulting from growing older. Personality traits reflect dispositional patterns of behavior, perception, and evaluation and should therefore influence the experience of AARC. The 4.5-year longitudinal study examines this association between personality traits and AARC in a sample of 423 individuals aged 40 to 98 years ( M = 62.9 years) using latent change analyses. After controlling for sex, health, and education, a different pattern of associations emerged for cross-sectional vs. longitudinal relations. Cross-sectionally, neuroticism was positively related to AARC losses, whereas openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism were positively related to AARC gains. Longitudinally, the impact of personality traits on change in AARC was rather limited with only higher conscientiousness acting as a predictor of decreases in AARC losses over time. Overall, the findings add to the existing literature on associations between personality traits and subjective aging. Specifically, the results indicate that personality traits are differentially related to awareness of age-related gains in comparison to awareness of age-related losses.

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Adolescence as a “critical period” in the heritage language use. Polish in Germany

Open Linguistics ◽

10.1515/opli-2021-0019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 301-315

Author(s):

Hanna Pułaczewska

Keyword(s):

Role Models ◽

Personal Development ◽

Critical Period ◽

Growing Up ◽

Age Related ◽

The Media ◽

Role Of Parents ◽

Qualitative Part ◽

The Impact

Abstract In the article, we consider the impact of adolescence upon the usage of Polish in Polish-German bilinguals raised and living in Germany and demonstrate how adolescence surfaces as a socially based “critical period” in this usage using results from a survey and interviews conducted with 30 teenagers. In the quantitative part of the study, we seek to establish whether adolescents’ age affected the pattern and quantity of their usage of Polish in the media and contacts with age peers, whether the latter two facets of growing up with Polish were interrelated, and which other factors affected peer-relevant activities in Polish. Both age and peer contact turned out to significantly affect the use of the media in Polish, while peer contact in Polish was affected by the parental use of Polish in parent-child communication. The qualitative part presents the context and motivation for using Polish by the youths in peer-relevant activities. We integrate the results with insights provided by child development psychology from the perspective of language socialisation theory and interpret the age-related decline of interest in the Polish media as an effect of a diminishing role of parents and the increasing role of age peers as role models in personal development.

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Abstract T P136: Potential Contributors to the Declining Impact of Stroke Risk Factors with Age: Implications for Stroke Epidemiology in the Elderly

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.45.suppl_1.tp136 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

George Howard ◽

Mary Cushman ◽

Maciej Banach ◽

Brett M Kissela ◽

David C Goff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Stroke Risk ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Stroke Risk Factors ◽

Age Related ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact ◽

Age Related Changes

Purpose: The importance of stroke research in the elderly is increasing as America is “graying.” For most risk factors for most diseases (including stroke), the magnitude of association with incident events decreases at older ages. Potential changes in the impact of risk factors could be a “true” effect, or could be due to methodological issues such as age-related changes in residual confounding. Methods: REGARDS followed 27,748 stroke-free participants age 45 and over for an average of 5.3 years, during which 715 incident strokes occurred. The association of the “Framingham” risk factors (hypertension [HTN], diabetes, smoking, AFib, LVH and heart disease) with incident stroke risk was assessed in age strata of 45-64 (Young), 65-74 (Middle), and 75+ (Old). For those with and without an “index” risk factor (e.g., HTN), the average number of “other” risk factors was calculated. Results: With the exception of AFib, there was a monotonic decrease in the magnitude of the impact across the age strata, with HTN, diabetes, smoking and LVH even becoming non-significant in the elderly (Figure 1). However, for most factors, the increasing prevalence of other risk factors with age impacts primarily those with the index risk factor absent (Figure 2, example HTN as the “index” risk factor). Discussion: The impact of stroke risk factors substantially declined at older ages. However, this decrease is partially attributable to increases in the prevalence of other risk factors among those without the index risk factor, as there was little change in the prevalence of other risk factors in those with the index risk factor. Hence, the impact of the index risk factor is attenuated by increased risk in the comparison group. If this phenomenon is active with latent risk factors, estimates from multivariable analysis will also decrease with age. A deeper understanding of age-related changes in the impact of risk factors is needed.

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UNDERSTANDING THE GREY ENTREPRENEUR

Journal of Enterprising Culture ◽

10.1142/s0218495804000087 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 12 (02) ◽

pp. 147-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

PAULL WEBER ◽

MICHAEL SCHAPER

Keyword(s):

Female Entrepreneurs ◽

Role Of Government ◽

Related Data ◽

Age Related ◽

Individual Enterprise ◽

Management Experience ◽

Productive Ageing ◽

Developed World ◽

The Impact

Demographic trends in the developed world indicate that older entrepreneurs will play an increasingly important part of economic activity as populations age, yet this cohort has been largely ignored in entrepreneurship research. This paper provides an overview of current research about the so-called "grey entrepreneur" (also known as senior, older, third age or elderly entrepreneurs), drawing on research from a number of nations. The extant literature indicates that a majority of older entrepreneurs are male, although the number of older female entrepreneurs is increasing; they are also less likely to possess formal educational qualifications than younger entrepreneurs. Some of the advantages that such entrepreneurs possess include greater levels of technical, industrial and management experience; superior personal networks; and a stronger financial asset base. Some of the disadvantages or potential barriers faced by older entrepreneurs can include lower levels of health, energy and productivity; ageism; and the value that his or her society places on active ("productive") ageing. Numerous issues still remain to be investigated in this field of research. These include the differences between younger and older entrepreneurs; their motives and success criteria; the impact of financial, knowledge and other resources on venturing behaviour; the role of government policies in fostering or hampering individual enterprise; and the significance of cultural differences amongst older entrepreneurs. Research in this field is currently also hampered by a multiplicity of terms and definitions, a lack of age-related data about different entrepreneurial cohorts, and the problems inherent in operationalising the concept of the "grey entrepreneur."

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Age-Related Changes in Hormone Action: The Role of Hormone Receptors

Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Mechanisms of Aging ◽

10.1201/9781315150956-4 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 51-75

Author(s):

George S. Roth

Keyword(s):

Hormone Receptors ◽

Hormone Action ◽

Age Related ◽

Age Related Changes

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Estrogen Receptor and Vascular Aging

Frontiers in Aging ◽

10.3389/fragi.2021.727380 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Morgane Davezac ◽

Melissa Buscato ◽

Rana Zahreddine ◽

Patrick Lacolley ◽

Daniel Henrion ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Hormonal Treatment ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Age Related ◽

Nuclear Receptor Family ◽

The Impact ◽

Receptor Family

Cardiovascular diseases remain an age-related pathology in both men and women. These pathologies are 3-fold more frequent in men than in women before menopause, although this difference progressively decreases after menopause. The vasculoprotective role of estrogens are well established before menopause, but the consequences of their abrupt decline on the cardiovascular risk at menopause remain debated. In this review, we will attempt to summarize the main clinical and experimental studies reporting the protective effects of estrogens against cardiovascular diseases, with a particular focus on atherosclerosis, and the impact of aging and estrogen deprivation on their endothelial actions. The arterial actions of estrogens, but also part of that of androgens through their aromatization into estrogens, are mediated by the estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ. ERs belong to the nuclear receptor family and act by transcriptional regulation in the nucleus, but also exert non-genomic/extranuclear actions. Beside the decline of estrogens at menopause, abnormalities in the expression and/or function of ERs in the tissues, and particularly in arteries, could contribute to the failure of classic estrogens to protect arteries during aging. Finally, we will discuss how recent insights in the mechanisms of action of ERα could contribute to optimize the hormonal treatment of the menopause.

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