scholarly journals Effects on Puberty of Nutrition-Mediated Endocrine Disruptors Employed in Agriculture

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4184
Author(s):  
Anastasia Konstantina Sakali ◽  
Alexandra Bargiota ◽  
Ioannis G. Fatouros ◽  
Athanasios Jamurtas ◽  
Djuro Macut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
System Access ◽  
The Impact

Pesticide residues are largely found in daily consumed food because of their extensive use in farming and their long half-life, which prolongs their presence in the environment. Many of these pesticides act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals after pre- or postnatal exposure, significantly affecting, among other things, the time of puberty onset, progression, and completion. In humans, precocious or delayed puberty, and early or delayed sexual maturation, may entail several negative long-term health implications. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the impact of endocrine-disrupting pesticides upon the timing of the landmarks of female and male puberty in both animals (vaginal opening, first estrus, and balanopreputial separation) and humans (thelarche, menarche, gonadarche). Moreover, we explore the possible mechanisms of action of the reviewed endocrine-disrupting pesticides on the human reproductive system. Access to safe, healthy, and nutritious food is fundamental for the maintenance of health and wellbeing. Eliminating the presence of hazardous chemicals in largely consumed food products may increase their nutritional value and be proven beneficial for overall health. Consequently, understanding the effects of human exposure to hazardous endocrine-disrupting pesticides, and legislating against their circulation, are of major importance for the protection of health in vulnerable populations, such as children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Endobolome, a New Concept for Determining the Influence of Microbiota Disrupting Chemicals (MDC) in Relation to Specific Endocrine Pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Aguilera ◽  
Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros ◽  
Ana Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
The Impact

Endogenous steroid hormones and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDC) interact with gut microbiota through different pathways. We suggest the use of the term “endobolome” when referring to the group of gut microbiota genes and pathways involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones and EDC. States of dysbiosis and reduced diversity of the gut microbiota may impact and modify the endobolome resulting at long-term in the development of certain pathophysiological conditions. The endobolome might play a central role in the gut microbiota as seen by the amount of potentially endobolome-mediated diseases and thereby it can be considered an useful diagnostic tool and therapeutic target for future functional research strategies that envisage the use of next generation of probiotics. In addition, we propose that EDC and other xenobiotics that alter the gut microbial composition and its metabolic capacities should be categorized into a subgroup termed “microbiota disrupting chemicals” (MDC). This will help to distinguish the role of contaminants from other microbiota natural modifiers such as those contained or released from diet, environment, physical activity and stress. These MDC might have the ability to promote specific changes in the microbiota that can ultimately result in common intestinal and chronic or long-term systemic diseases in the host. The risk of developing certain disorders associated with gut microbiota changes should be established by determining both the effects of the MDC on gut microbiota and the impact of microbiota changes on chemicals metabolism and host susceptibility. In any case, further animal controlled experiments, clinical trials and large epidemiological studies are required in order to establish the concatenated impact of the MDC-microbiota-host health axis.

scholarly journals Relationship between Prenatal or Postnatal Exposure to Pesticides and Obesity: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7170
Author(s):  
Helena Pinos ◽  
Beatriz Carrillo ◽  
Ana Merchán ◽  
Judit Biosca-Brull ◽  
Cristian Pérez-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults and children has dramatically increased. The conventional model regarding the onset of obesity is based on an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. However, other possible environmental factors involved, such as the exposure to chemicals like pesticides, cannot be discarded. These compounds could act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) that may interfere with hormone activity related to several mechanisms involved in body weight control. The main objective of this study was to systematically review the data provided in the scientific literature for a possible association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to pesticides and obesity in offspring. A total of 25 human and 9 animal studies were analyzed. The prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal exposure to organophosphate, organochlorine, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid, and carbamate, as well as a combined pesticide exposure was reviewed. This systematic review reveals that the effects of pesticide exposure on body weight are mostly inconclusive, finding conflicting results in both humans and experimental animals. The outcomes reviewed are dependent on many factors, including dosage and route of administration, species, sex, and treatment duration. More research is needed to effectively evaluate the impact of the combined effects of different pesticides on human health.

scholarly journals A Global Perspective on Firefly Extinction Threats

BioScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M Lewis ◽  
Choong Hay Wong ◽  
Avalon C S Owens ◽  
Candace Fallon ◽  
Sarina Jepsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recent Attention

Abstract Insect declines and their drivers have attracted considerable recent attention. Fireflies and glowworms are iconic insects whose conspicuous bioluminescent courtship displays carry unique cultural significance, giving them economic value as ecotourist attractions. Despite evidence of declines, a comprehensive review of the conservation status and threats facing the approximately 2000 firefly species worldwide is lacking. We conducted a survey of experts from diverse geographic regions to identify the most prominent perceived threats to firefly population and species persistence. Habitat loss, light pollution, and pesticide use were regarded as the most serious threats, although rankings differed substantially across regions. Our survey results accompany a comprehensive review of current evidence concerning the impact of these stressors on firefly populations. We also discuss risk factors likely to increase the vulnerability of certain species to particular threats. Finally, we highlight the need to establish monitoring programs to track long-term population trends for at-risk firefly taxa.

scholarly journals Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Their Effects during Female Puberty: A Review of Current Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lucaccioni ◽  
Viola Trevisani ◽  
Lucia Marrozzini ◽  
Natascia Bertoncelli ◽  
Barbara Predieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Secondary Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Single Chemical ◽  
Windows Of Susceptibility ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Temporal Windows

Puberty is the process of physical changes between childhood and adulthood during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction. It is considered one of the main temporal windows of susceptibility for the influence of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs may act as single chemical agents or as chemical mixtures; they can be pubertal influencers, accelerating and anticipating the processing of maturation of secondary sexual characteristics. Moreover, recent studies have started to point out how exposure to EDCs during puberty may predispose to breast cancer later in life. In fact, the estrogen-mimicking endocrine disruptors (EEDs) may influence breast tissue development during puberty in two main ways: the first is the action on the proliferation of the breast stromal cells, the second concerns epigenetic mechanisms. The aim of this mini-review was to better highlight what is new and what is not completely known regarding the role of EDCs during puberty.

scholarly journals Long-Term Growth in Phenylketonuria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Ilgaz ◽  
Alex Pinto ◽  
Hülya Gökmen-Özel ◽  
Julio César Rocha ◽  
Esther van Dam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Impact

There is an ongoing debate regarding the impact of phenylketonuria (PKU) and its treatment on growth. To date, evidence from studies is inconsistent, and data on the whole developmental period is limited. The primary aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of a phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet on long-term growth in patients with PKU. Four electronic databases were searched for articles published until September 2018. A total of 887 results were found, but only 13 articles met eligibility criteria. Only three studies had an adequate methodology for meta-analysis. Although the results indicate normal growth at birth and during infancy, children with PKU were significantly shorter and had lower weight for age than reference populations during the first four years of life. Impaired linear growth was observed until the end of adolescence in PKU. In contrast, growth impairment was not reported in patients with mild hyperphenylalaninemia, not requiring dietary restriction. Current evidence indicates that even with advances in dietary treatments, “optimal” growth outcomes are not attained in PKU. The majority of studies include children born before 1990s, so further research is needed to show the effects of recent dietary practices on growth in PKU.

scholarly journals Environmental epigenetics: a role in endocrine disease?

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. R61-R67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby F Fleisch ◽  
Robert O Wright ◽  
Andrea A Baccarelli
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Endocrine Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disease ◽  
Environmental Epigenetics ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Endocrine disrupting chemicals that are structurally similar to steroid or amine hormones have the potential to mimic endocrine endpoints at the receptor level. However, more recently, epigenetic-induced alteration in gene expression has emerged as an alternative way in which environmental compounds may exert endocrine effects. We review concepts related to environmental epigenetics and relevance for endocrinology through three broad examples: 1) effect of early-life nutritional exposures on future obesity and insulin resistance, 2) effect of lifetime environmental exposures such as ionizing radiation on endocrine cancer risk, and 3) potential for compounds previously classified as endocrine disrupting to additionally or alternatively exert effects through epigenetic mechanisms. The field of environmental epigenetics is still nascent, and additional studies are needed to confirm and reinforce data derived from animal models and preliminary human studies. Current evidence suggests that environmental exposures may significantly impact expression of endocrine-related genes and thereby affect clinical endocrine outcomes.

scholarly journals Human Health Consequences of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan M. Heshmati
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Fetus And Neonate

Daily use of chemicals is an essential part of modern life. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a heterogeneous group of exogenous chemicals or chemical mixtures that interfere with the action of hormones and consequently cause adverse effects to humans and wildlife. The number of EDCs has markedly increased over the past 60 years. Humans are constantly exposed to hundreds of EDCs mainly through air, water, and food. Exposure to EDCs (in utero or lifetime) may be a significant component of the environmental origin of several medical conditions. The developing fetus and neonate are more sensitive than adults to perturbation by EDCs. The prenatal damage can cause adverse consequences later in life (developmental origins of adult disease). In many cases, the damage is irreversible. There is also a possibility of transgenerational effects. By interfering with hormonal functions, EDCs can contribute to a variety of dysfunctions and diseases including obesity, diabetes, reproductive disorders, and cancers. Information on long-term effects of chronic, low-dose exposure to EDCs is relatively limited. EDCs represent a global threat for human health and cause a high cost for the society. Promoting public knowledge and initiating preventive measures will help minimizing the health and economic consequences of EDCs for future generations.

scholarly journals First trimester maternal exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals and metals and fetal size in the Michigan Mother–Infant Pairs study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn M. Goodrich ◽  
Mary E. Ingle ◽  
Steven E. Domino ◽  
Marjorie C. Treadwell ◽  
Dana C. Dolinoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
The Impact

AbstractExposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals and metals are near ubiquitous worldwide, and their potential impact on children is a major public health concern. This pilot study was designed to characterize exposures to phthalates, phenols and metals among pregnant women in the first trimester, and to examine associations with fetal biometrics and birth weight. A total of 41 chemicals and elements were analyzed in urine from 56 mothers with full-term newborns from the Michigan Mother–Infant Pairs study. Bivariate analyses identified predictors of exposure biomarkers. Associations between birth weight, Fentonz-scores and second trimester fetal biometrics with toxicants were examined via multivariable linear regression. An average of 30 toxicants were detected in maternal urine. Fast food consumption was associated with several phthalate metabolites, phenols and metals, and canned food consumption with bisphenol F (P<0.05). Mono (3-carboxypropyl) phthalate was significantly associated with higher birth weight and Fentonz-score while the opposite was observed for bisphenol S. Estimated femur length from ultrasonography was significantly inversely associated with arsenic, barium and lead. While limited by sample size, this study is one of the first to evaluate birth outcomes with respect to emerging endocrine disrupting chemicals and to examine associations between toxicants and fetal biometrics. Exposure assessment was provided by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences’ Children’s Health Exposure Analysis Resource (NIEHS CHEAR), a resource available to children’s studies with the goal of combining data across cohorts in an effort to characterize the impact of toxicants on child health from birth and beyond.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document