scholarly journals Dietary Intake in Early Pregnancy and Glycemia in Late Pregnancy among Women with Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Kirsti Krohn Garnæs ◽  
Trude Elvebakk ◽  
Øyvind Salvesen ◽  
Signe Nilssen Stafne ◽  
Siv Mørkved ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mother And Child

Women with obesity have increased risk for hyperglycemia during pregnancy, with negative health consequences for mother and child. We aimed to investigate adherence to nutritional recommendations in early pregnancy and to examine associations between early pregnancy dietary intake and late pregnancy glycemia among women with obesity. We included 120 women with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 who participated in one of two randomized controlled trials. The participants completed a food frequency questionnaire in early pregnancy (gestational weeks 12–22). Fasting and 120 min glucose tolerance after ingestion of 75 g glucose were assessed in late pregnancy (gestational weeks 32–37). About 90% of the participants reported early pregnancy diary intake within the recommendations. Average intakes of vitamin D, iron, and folate were below recommended levels. High intakes of dairy products and protein in early pregnancy were associated with lower fasting glucose in late pregnancy, whereas high intake of bread was associated with lower 120 min glucose. There were no clear associations between single dietary variables and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis in late pregnancy. In conclusion, some early pregnancy dietary variables were associated with late pregnancy glycemia. Potential causality of these findings should be investigated in future studies.

scholarly journals Associations of Maternal Early-Pregnancy Glucose Concentrations With Placental Hemodynamics, Blood Pressure, and Gestational Hypertensive Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 660-669
Author(s):  
Jan S Erkamp ◽  
Madelon L Geurtsen ◽  
Liesbeth Duijts ◽  
Irwin K M Reiss ◽  
Annemarie G M G J Mulders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Glucose

Abstract BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risks of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. We hypothesized that high maternal glucose concentrations in early pregnancy are associated with adverse placental adaptations and subsequently altered uteroplacental hemodynamics during pregnancy, predisposing to an increased risk of gestational hypertensive disorders. METHODS In a population-based prospective cohort study from early pregnancy onwards, among 6,078 pregnant women, maternal early-pregnancy non-fasting glucose concentrations were measured. Mid and late pregnancy uterine and umbilical artery resistance indices were assessed by Doppler ultrasound. Maternal blood pressure was measured in early, mid, and late pregnancy and the occurrence of gestational hypertensive disorders was assessed using hospital registries. RESULTS Maternal early-pregnancy glucose concentrations were not associated with mid or late pregnancy placental hemodynamic markers. A 1 mmol/l increase in maternal early-pregnancy glucose concentrations was associated with 0.71 mm Hg (95% confidence interval 0.22–1.22) and 0.48 mm Hg (95% confidence interval 0.10–0.86) higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure in early pregnancy, respectively, but not with blood pressure in later pregnancy. Also, maternal glucose concentrations were not associated with the risks of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. CONCLUSIONS Maternal early-pregnancy non-fasting glucose concentrations within the normal range are associated with blood pressure in early pregnancy, but do not seem to affect placental hemodynamics and the risks of gestational hypertensive disorders.

Sexual Behaviour of Women With Twin Pregnancies

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Stammler-Safar ◽  
Johannes Ott ◽  
Stefanie Weber ◽  
Elisabeth Krampl
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

AbstractIt has been assumed that sexual activity during pregnancy would lead to an increased risk for miscarriage and other complications of pregnancy. Various studies showed no association of sexual behavior and pregnancy complications in single pregnancies. The aim of our study was to evaluate changes in sexual activity in women with twin pregnancies and whether a higher frequency of sexual intercourse was associated with an increased risk for pregnancy complications. We report on 50 women with twin pregnancies who answered a questionnaire on sexual behavior during pregnancy. At the time of delivery, patients were aged 31.0 ± 4.8 years. All women reported to have had sexual intercourse during pregnancy. In contrast to the first trimester in the vast majority of patients (41/50, 82.0%) the coital frequency decreased in the last month of pregnancy. Patients who had become pregnant after in-vitro fertilization were significantly less likely to have regular sexual intercourse than patients after spontaneous conception during early pregnancy (p= .002). No statistical significances were found when the rates of preterm delivery before the 37th gestational week were compared to the frequencies of sexual intercourse during early pregnancy and during late pregnancy (p>.05). In conclusion, our study demonstrates a decrease in frequency of sexual intercourse from early to late pregnancy in the specific collective of women with twin pregnancies, especially in women after in-vitro fertilization. There was no association between sexual activity and preterm delivery.

scholarly journals Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Androgenetic Alopecia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqi Qiu ◽  
Xingyu Zhou ◽  
Siqi Fu ◽  
Shuaihantian Luo ◽  
Yaping Li
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Androgenetic Alopecia ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Larger Sample

The association of androgenetic alopecia with metabolic syndrome has been investigated in several studies, with conflicting results. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the risk grade of metabolic syndrome and the metabolic profile in patients with androgenetic alopecia as compared with controls. In total, 19 articles (2,531 participants) satisfied the inclusion criteria. The pooled odds ratio for the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome between the group with androgenetic alopecia and controls was 3.46 (95% CI: 2.38–5.05; p<0.001). Female sex, early onset, and African ethnicity were associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, patients with androgenetic alopecia had significantly poorer metabolic profiles, such as body mass index, waist circumference, fasting glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure. It is important for physicians to screen metabolism-related indicators in patients with androgenetic alopecia. More rigorously designed studies and larger sample sizes are required in future studies.

1421-P: Associations of Sleep Disturbances Before and During Early Pregnancy with Increased Risk of Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1421-P
Author(s):  
SYLVIA E. BADON ◽  
FEI XU ◽  
ASSIAMIRA FERRARA ◽  
MONIQUE M. HEDDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Increased Risk

Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Klinefelter’s Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (43) ◽  
pp. 5556-5563
Author(s):  
Franz Sesti ◽  
Riccardo Pofi ◽  
Carlotta Pozza ◽  
Marianna Minnetti ◽  
Daniele Gianfrilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chromosome Disorder

More than 70 years have passed since the first description of Klinefelter Syndrome (KS), the most frequent chromosome disorder causing male infertility and hypogonadism. KS is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) mortality due to several comorbidities, including hypogonadism, as well as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, which are highly prevalent in these patients. Aside from metabolic disturbances, patients with KS suffer from both acquired and congenital CV abnormalities, cerebrovascular thromboembolic disease, subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction, which may all contribute to increased CV mortality. The mechanisms involved in this increased risk of CV morbidity and mortality are not entirely understood. More research is needed to better characterise the CV manifestations, elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and define the contribution of testosterone replacement to restoring CV health in KS patients. This review explores the complex association between KS, metabolic syndrome and CV risk in order to plan future studies and improve strategies to reduce mortality in this high-risk population.

The Effects of Smoking Cessation on Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Ali Alshahrani
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Tailored Intervention ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diabetes Progression

Background: Smoking is an established predictor of type 2 diabetes. However, the link between smoking cessation and diabetes progression remains a subject of scholarly investigation. Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to establish the link between smoking cessation and diabetes. Data Sources: The study utilized conference abstracts and peer-reviewed journals that reported randomized controlled trials smoking cessation interventions for diabetes patients. Results: Results from the review were inconclusive on the link between smoking cessation and diabetes. On one hand, several researchers have confirmed a positive correlation between smoking cessation and decreased risk of diabetes. On the other hand, some researchers have demonstrated that immediate withdrawal of nicotine resulted in increased risk of diabetes; however, this risk reduces with time. Conclusion: The result of this review did not estblish a clear relationship between smoking cessation and diabates. Limitations: Compared to other studies examining the implication of smoking on chronic diseases, this study identified a very small number of trials evaluating the effect of smoking cessation on diabetes. The small number of studies implies that the results may not be suitable for generalization. Implication: Results from the review can help in the development of a tailored intervention for effective management of diabetes in smoking patients.

Should all Hypertensive Patients be Screened for Primary Aldosteronism?

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Stelina Alkagiet ◽  
Konstantinos Tziomalos
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is not only a leading cause of secondary and resistant hypertension, but is also quite frequent in unselected hypertensive patients. Moreover, PA is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, which is disproportionate to BP levels. In addition, timely diagnosis of PA and prompt initiation of treatment attenuate this increased risk. On the other hand, there are limited data regarding the usefulness of screening for PA in all asymptomatic or normokalemic hypertensive patients. More importantly, until now, no well-organized, large-scale, prospective, randomized controlled trial has proved the effectiveness of screening for PA for improving clinical outcome. Accordingly, until more relevant data are available, screening for PA should be considered in hypertensive patients with spontaneous or diuretic-induced hypokalemia as well as in those with resistant hypertension. However, screening for PA in all hypertensive patients cannot be currently recommended.

Measuring Acceptability and Engagement of the Keep It Up! Internet-based HIV Prevention Randomized Controlled Trial for Young Men who have Sex with Men (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystal Madkins ◽  
David Moskowitz ◽  
Kevin Moran ◽  
Trey Dellucci ◽  
Brian Mustanski
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
P Values ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Intervention Acceptability ◽  
Intervention Content ◽  
Sex With Men

BACKGROUND Since 2010, HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men (MSM) have remained stably high while decreasing for heterosexual men and women. The burden of infection has disproportionately impacted younger MSM of color relative to other populations. Despite the increased risk, there are few HIV prevention programs targeted to diverse and young MSM. The Keep It Up! (KIU!) online intervention was created to address the HIV prevention needs of this population. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the acceptability and engagement of KIU!, and explore any differences by demographics, within the context of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). METHODS Between May 2013 and December 2015, 445 participants were randomized into the intervention arm of the KIU! RCT. Data were taken from the baseline assessment, KIU! 2.0 intervention modules, and immediate post-test assessments of intervention acceptability and engagement. Outcomes of interests were qualitative and quantitative measures of intervention acceptability and engagement as well as process measures (i.e., star ratings of intervention content and paradata on time spent in intervention). RESULTS Participants were an average of 24 years old, 62.9% (280/445) identified as a racial or ethnic minority, 86.5% (385/445) identified as gay, and 84.3% (375/445) reported having at least some college education. Most participants rated the intervention content highly (4 out of 5 stars) and gave the intervention an average acceptability score of 3.5 out of 4. Compared to White participants, Black participants found the intervention more useful (p = .03), engaging (p < .001), and acceptable (p = .001); Latino participants found the intervention more engaging (p = .03); and “other” non-White participants found the intervention more engaging (p = .008) and acceptable (p = .02). Participants with high school or less education found the intervention more useful, engaging, and acceptable, and were more likely to give intervention content a five star rating than college educated participants (p-values = .047, <.001, .002, .01 respectively) or those with graduate degrees (p-values = .04, .001, < .001, .004 respectively). White participants showed the most variation between education levels and reporting positive attitudes towards the intervention. Among Black participants, graduate degree-earning participants spent significantly more time on the intervention than high-school or less educated participants (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS Overall, participants gave the intervention high acceptability and engagement ratings; but it was most acceptable and engaging to participants who were younger, identified as racial and ethnic minorities, had less education, and lived in the South. As these are all groups with greater burden of HIV infection, the KIU! intervention is promising as a primary HIV prevention tool. Future implementations of KIU! are needed to assess its acceptability outside of the highly controlled environment of an RCT. CLINICALTRIAL RCT# NCT01836445

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