scholarly journals An Epidemiological Survey Regarding Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases among Livestock Owners in Punjab, Pakistan: A One Health Context

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Sabir Hussain ◽  
Abrar Hussain ◽  
Jeffery Ho ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
David George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Tick Transmission ◽  
Livestock Farmers

Recent global changes have led to an increase in the spread of ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) affecting domestic ruminants and humans, with an annual loss of US $13.9–$18.7 billion. The current study determined the perception and practices of livestock farmers regarding tick infestation. A total of 112 livestock farms were surveyed in Punjab, Pakistan, among which animals from 42 (37.5%) farms were infested with ticks. Only 28.6% (n = 32) of the dairy farmers were consulting veterinarians for ticks control, while 86.7% (n = 97) of the respondents did not consider biosecurity measures in the control of tick transmission. Most of the respondents, 71.4% (n = 80), did not consider manual tick removal from their animals (i.e., by hand, followed by physically crushing) as a risky practice for spreading zoonotic diseases. Improper disposal of bottles of acaricides in the farm drainage was also observed, putting the environment and aquatic life at risk. These wrong practices may contribute to high disease burdens and economic losses, increasing the possibility of transmission of zoonotic TBDs and pollution of the environment. Therefore, an integrated One Health approach is required for the control of TBDs through environmentally friendly approaches.

scholarly journals One Health Approach: An Overview of Q Fever in Livestock, Wildlife and Humans in Asturias (Northwestern Spain)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1395
Author(s):  
Alberto Espí ◽  
Ana del Cerro ◽  
Álvaro Oleaga ◽  
Mercedes Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
Ceferino M. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Iberian Red Deer ◽  
Northwestern Spain

This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of C. burnetii in domestic ruminants, wild ungulates, as well as the current situation of Q fever in humans in a small region in northwestern Spain where a close contact at the wildlife–livestock–human interface exists, and information on C. burnetii infection is scarce. Seroprevalence of C. burnetii was 8.4% in sheep, 18.4% in cattle, and 24.4% in goats. Real-time PCR analysis of environmental samples collected in 25 livestock farms detected Coxiella DNA in dust and/or aerosols collected in 20 of them. Analysis of sera from 327 wild ungulates revealed lower seroprevalence than that found in domestic ruminants, with 8.4% of Iberian red deer, 7.3% chamois, 6.9% fallow deer, 5.5% European wild boar and 3.5% of roe deer harboring antibodies to C. burnetii. Exposure to the pathogen in humans was determined by IFAT analysis of 1312 blood samples collected from patients admitted at healthcare centers with Q fever compatible symptoms, such as fever and/or pneumonia. Results showed that 15.9% of the patients had IFAT titers ≥ 1/128 suggestive of probable acute infection. This study is an example of a One Health approach with medical and veterinary institutions involved in investigating zoonotic diseases.

scholarly journals Q fever prevention and vaccination: Australian livestock farmers' knowledge and attitudes to inform a One Health approach

One Health ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 100232
Author(s):  
Md Rezanur Rahaman ◽  
Helen Marshall ◽  
Adriana Milazzo ◽  
Deane Crabb ◽  
Peng Bi
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Livestock Farmers

scholarly journals Tick incidence in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mildred Cortés ◽  
Alberto Pantoja ◽  
Wilfredo Robles ◽  
José Pantoja
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Average Annual Cost

Incidence of tick infestation in Puerto Rico was evaluated, as well as control mechanisms, and economic losses due to ticks in dairy herds. Data were obtained by means of questionnaire information from 261 dairy herds representing 85% of all dairies in Puerto Rico. Seventy-one percent of those interviewed confirmed tick infestation in their herds. To control tick infestation 97% used fumigation of animals; 8%, fumigation of structures. The most common method used for pesticide application (73%) was by fumigating animals in chutes by using a pump. Tick incidence was 72% in dry cows and 54% in milk cows. Poisson regression analysis showed no significant differences in mortality rates between the northeast and northwest zones of the island. Differences were found among municipalities. The average annual cost of the tick control program that farmers maintained was $28.09 per cow but mortality losses are much more costly.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Economic Impacts of Regional Milk Pricing Authorities: The Case of Dairy Compacts

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Class I ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Compact Region ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Economic Tradeoffs

Congress consented to the creation of the Northeast Interstate Dairy Compact in the 1996 Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act. Interest is now growing in expanding this compact and creating new multi-regional dairy compacts. Dairy compacts provide a floor for Class I fluid prices and thus stabilize and enhance farm milk prices in compact regions. This analysis indicates that multi-regional dairy compacts will result in clear economic tradeoffs between dairy farmers, processors, retailers, and consumers. While dairy farmers within the compact region may economically benefit from higher farm milk prices, processors, retailers and consumers in the compact region and dairy farmers outside the compact region will face economic losses.

scholarly journals West Nile Virus: An Update on Pathobiology, Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Control and “One Health” Implications

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gervais Habarugira ◽  
Willy W. Suen ◽  
Jody Hobson-Peters ◽  
Roy A. Hall ◽  
Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
One Health ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Control Programmes

West Nile virus (WNV) is an important zoonotic flavivirus responsible for mild fever to severe, lethal neuroinvasive disease in humans, horses, birds, and other wildlife species. Since its discovery, WNV has caused multiple human and animal disease outbreaks in all continents, except Antarctica. Infections are associated with economic losses, mainly due to the cost of treatment of infected patients, control programmes, and loss of animals and animal products. The pathogenesis of WNV has been extensively investigated in natural hosts as well as in several animal models, including rodents, lagomorphs, birds, and reptiles. However, most of the proposed pathogenesis hypotheses remain contentious, and much remains to be elucidated. At the same time, the unavailability of specific antiviral treatment or effective and safe vaccines contribute to the perpetuation of the disease and regular occurrence of outbreaks in both endemic and non-endemic areas. Moreover, globalisation and climate change are also important drivers of the emergence and re-emergence of the virus and disease. Here, we give an update of the pathobiology, epidemiology, diagnostics, control, and “One Health” implications of WNV infection and disease.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Setaria digitata (Nematoda: Setariidae) from China

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 772-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.-H. Liu ◽  
J.-Y. Li ◽  
X.-Q. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Setaria Digitata ◽  
Livestock Farmers ◽  
Mt Genome

AbstractSetaria digitata is a filarial parasite that causes fatal cerebrospinal nematodiasis in goats, horses and sheep, resulting in substantial economic losses to livestock farmers. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of S. digitata from China was determined, characterized and compared with that of S. digitata from Sri Lanka. The identity of the mt genomes was 98.3% between S. digitata from China and Sri Lanka, and the complete mt genome sequence of S. digitata from China was slightly shorter (25 bp) than that from Sri Lanka. For the 12 protein genes, this comparison revealed sequence differences at both the nucleotide (1.4%) and amino acid (2.2%) levels. The present study determined the complete mt genome sequence of S. digitata from China, providing novel genetic markers for the study of the population genetics and molecular epidemiology of S. digitata in animals.

Epidemiological survey of classical swine fever in Tibetan pigs in Nyingchi, Tibet China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Kui Li ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Peng Shang ◽  
Yangzom Chamba
Keyword(s):  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immune Effect ◽  
Tibetan Pigs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a major hazardous disease to the pigs and as a dangerous epidemic; it causes a serious economic losses to the pig industry. Though, a national compulsory immunization of CSF vaccines had been carried out for a long time, scarce information can be got about the immune effect of CSF in Tibetan pigs. The present study was to investigate the seroprevalence of CSF in Tibetan pigs in Nyingchi area of Tibet, China. A total 454 samples were collected from November 2014 to January 2015 and were investigated through enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that 241 (53.1%, 95% CI 48.4-57.8) pigs were found to be positive for CSF with the further distribution of 53.3% (95% CI 46.8–59.6), 49.5% (95% CI 42.2-56.8) and 93.8% (95% CI 69.8-99.8) in Tibetan counties of Nyingchi, Mainling and Gongbo'gyamda, respectively. There was no significant difference in male (52.8%, 95% CI 46.4-59.1) and female pigs (50.0%, 95% CI 42.6-57.4). Though, 53.1% of the serum samples were tested out positive to CSF, only the seroprevalence of CSF in Tibetan pigs in Gongbo'gyamda were higher than 70% which was ruled by the government. The low seroprevalence of CSF in Tibetan pigs should arise a serious concern and effective methods should be taken, in order to prevent CSF infection effectively.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Maiduguri Central ‎Abattoir, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
F. A. Lawan ◽  
E. F. Ejeh ◽  
A. Waziri ◽  
C. N. Kwanashie ◽  
K. B. Kadima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
One Health ◽  
Demographic Variable ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Thin Body ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Thoracic Lymph Node ◽  
Female Cattle ◽  
Acid Fast Staining

Bovine tuberculosis is an important public health and economic disease in Nigeria. This study reports the prevalence of tuberculosis in cattle slaughtered at the central abattoir in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Post mortem examination of 664 cattle carcasses was done at the abattoir for 6 months. The lesions collected were processed by using NALC-NaOH and subjected to acid-fast staining and microscopy. The overall prevalence of tuberculosis based on gross tubercle lesions in cattle slaughtered at Maiduguri abattoir was 62 (9.3%). Female cattle 43 (16.7%) had significantly (p = 0.0001) higher prevalence of tubercle lesions than male cattle 19 (4.7%). Cattle with thin body condition had 44 (21.2%), optimal body condition 16 (5.8%) and overweight cattle 2 (1.1%). There was significant (p = 0.0001) difference between body condition and occurrence of tubercle lesions. Prevalence of tubercle lesions in adult cattle was 29 (17.7%), young adults (25 (7.8%) and calves 8 (4.3%).  Tubercle lesions were most common in thoracic lymph node and lungs than other organs. The prevalence of tuberculosis by Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy was 6.2% (41/664). There was significant (p=0.0001) differences in the prevalence of tuberculosis by Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy and demographic variable except for breeds. Tubercle lesion is endemic in cattle slaughtered in Maiduguri central abattoir. One Health approach is recommended to prevent zoonotic transmission to humans and economic losses among farmers and butchers.

scholarly journals Valuing Economic Impact Reductions of Nutrient Pollution from Livestock Waste

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apoorva Sampat ◽  
Andrea Hicks ◽  
Gerardo Ruiz-Mercado ◽  
Victor M. Zavala
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Nutrient Pollution ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Phosphorus Runoff

Nutrient pollution from livestock waste impacts both fresh and marine coastal waters. Harmful algae blooms (HABs) are a common ecosystem-level response to such pollution that is detrimental to both aquatic life and human health and that generates economic losses (e.g., property values and lost tourism). Waste treatment and management technologies are not well established practices due, in part, to the difficulty to attribute economic value to associated social and environmental impacts of nutrient pollution. In this work, we propose a computational framework to quantify the economic impacts of HABs. We demonstrate the advantage of quantifying these impacts through a case study on livestock waste management in the Upper Yahara watershed region (in the state of Wisconsin, USA). Our analysis reveals that every excess kilogram of phosphorus runoff from livestock waste results in total economic losses of 74.5 USD. Furthermore, we use a coordinated market analysis to demonstrate that this economic impact provides a strong enough incentive to activate a nutrient management and valorization market that can help balance phosphorus within the study area. The proposed framework can help state, tribes, and federal regulatory agencies develop regulatory and non-regulatory policies to mitigate the impacts of nutrient pollution.

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