scholarly journals Piriformospora indica Primes Onion Response against Stemphylium Leaf Blight Disease

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1085
Author(s):  
Praveen Roylawar ◽  
Kiran Khandagale ◽  
Pragati Randive ◽  
Bharat Shinde ◽  
Chandrashekhar Murumkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Piriformospora Indica ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Defence Signalling ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Insight Into

The root-endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica (=Serendipita indica) has been revealed for its growth-promoting effects and its capacity to induce resistance in a broad spectrum of host plants. However, the bioefficacy of this fungus had not yet been tested against any pathogen affecting onion (Allium cepa). In this study, the biocontrol potency of P. indica against onion leaf blight, an impacting disease caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Stemphylium vesicarium, was evaluated. First, it was proved that colonisation of onion roots by P. indica was beneficial for plant growth, as it increased leaf development and root biomass. Most relevantly, P. indica was also effective in reducing Stemphylium leaf blight (SLB) severity, as assessed under greenhouse conditions and confirmed in field trials in two consecutive years. These investigations could also provide some insight into the biochemical and molecular changes that treatment with P. indica induces in the main pathways associated with host defence response. It was possible to highlight the protective effect of P. indica colonisation against peroxidative damage, and its role in signalling oxidative stress, by assessing changes in malondialdehyde and H2O2 content. It was also showed that treatment with P. indica contributes to modulate the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase, in the course of infection. qPCR-based expression analysis of defence-related genes AcLOX1, AcLOX2, AcPAL1, AcGST, AcCHI, AcWRKY1, and AcWRKY70 provided further indications on P. indica ability to induce onion systemic response. Based on the evidence gathered, this study aims to propose P. indica application as a sustainable tool for improving SLB control, which might not only enhance onion growth performance but also activate defence signalling mechanisms more effectively, involving different pathways.

scholarly journals Insight into the Interaction between Plants and Associated FluorescentPseudomonasspp.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akansha Jain ◽  
Sampa Das
Keyword(s):  
Model Organism ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Induce Systemic Resistance ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
Insight Into

FluorescentPseudomonasare known for their plant growth promoting and disease protection abilities. In past years, a number of studies have focused on how these bacteria suppress disease and induce resistance. They are known to produce antibiotics and siderophores, promote growth, and induce systemic resistance in the host plant. This bacterium has come out as a model organism for ecological studies going on in rhizosphere and for studying plant-beneficial microbe interaction. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge on biocontrol potential of fluorescentPseudomonasstrains and the mechanisms adopted by them.

scholarly journals Induction of resistance in chili against Sclerotium rolfsii by plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and Anagallis arvensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Warda Sharf ◽  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Amna Shoaib ◽  
Iqra Haider Khan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Southern Blight ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Blight Disease

Abstract Background Sclerotium rolfsii is a soil-borne fungal pathogen causing diseases in more than 500 plant species. It causes southern blight disease in chili. Chemical fungicides are used to control this disease, which also pollute the environment. The present study was designed to assess the potential of two species of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) viz. Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescence, and an allelopathic weed, Anagallis arvensis L., for the control of southern blight disease of chili. Results Initially, three PGPR strains, viz. B. megaterium OSR3, B. megaterium ZMR6, and P. fluorescence PF-097, were selected for their in vitro antagonistic assessment against S. rolfsii by dual culture technique on potato dextrose agar medium. OSR3 showed the highest antagonistic potential (68%), followed by PF-097 (54%) and ZMR6 (33%). In a pot experiment, the two best strains of PGPR, namely OSR3 and PF-097, and dried biomass of A. arvensis (DBA) in different concentrations (1, 2 and 3%) were used to manage southern blight disease of chili. In positive control treatment (S. rolfsii only), plant survival was low (73%) than the negative control (100%). OSR3, PF-097, OSR3 + 2% DBA, and PF-097 + 2% DBA significantly enhanced plant survival over positive control. The highest increase in chili growth over positive control was recorded due to OSR3, followed by PF-097 inoculations. Contents of carotenoid and chlorophyll were significantly decreased due to the fungal pathogen and improved due to PGPR strains. Application of the two PGPR strains and different concentrations of A. arvensis distinctly increased the catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol peroxidase (PPO) activities over positive control. Conclusions The present study concluded that PGPR strains B. megaterium OSR3 and P. fluorescence PF-097 can control southern blight disease effectively and increase growth and yield of chili.

scholarly journals Strategies for the Management of Leaf Blight Disease Caused by Alternaria alternata in Gloriosa superba (L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (March) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
◽  
Meena B ◽  
Rajamanickam S ◽  
Meena R. P ◽  
Nalina L ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Blight Disease

Leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler is a severe disease of Gloriosa, causing severe yield loss in every part of Gloriosa growing areas of Tamil Nadu. The foliar pathogen was isolated from disease-infected leaves and proved its pathogenicity. Further, the molecular analysis of the pathogen using 18S rDNA confirmed the pathogen as Alternaria alternata. Attempts were made to explore the biocontrol agents and fungicides for the management of leaf blight incidence under field conditions. Four field trials conducted from 2014 to 2018 revealed that foliar application of talc-based formulation of Bacillus subtilis significantly reduced the leaf blight incidence and increased the seed yield under field conditions. Besides, prophylactic application of these biocontrol agents has also increased the plant growth parameters like plant height, number of flowers/plant, no. of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod. Similarly, foliar application of chlorothalonil (0.1%) and mancozeb (0.2%) was also credited to managing the leaf blight disease under field conditions.

Film coating of seeds with Bacillus cereus RS87 spores for early plant growth enhancement

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 861-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchalee Jetiyanon ◽  
Sakchai Wittaya-Areekul ◽  
Pinyupa Plianbangchang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Film Coating ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus cereus RS87 was previously reported to promote plant growth in various crops in both greenhouse and field trials. To apply as a plant growth promoting agent with practical use, it is essential to ease the burden of routine preparation of a fresh suspension of strain RS87 in laboratory. The objectives of this study were to investigate the feasibility of film-coating seeds with B. cereus RS87 spores for early plant growth enhancement and to reveal the indoleacetic acid (IAA) production released from strain RS87. The experiment consisted of the following 5 treatments: nontreated seeds, water-soaked seeds, film-coated seeds, seeds soaked with vegetative cells of strain RS87, and film-coated seeds with strain RS87 spores. Three experiments were conducted separately to assess seed emergence, root length, and plant height. Results showed that both vegetative cells and spores of strain RS87 significantly promoted (P ≤ 0.05) seed emergence, root length and plant height over the control treatments. The strain RS87 also produced IAA. In conclusion, the film coating of seeds with spores of B. cereus RS87 demonstrated early plant growth enhancement as well as seeds using their vegetative cells. IAA released from strain RS87 would be one of the mechanisms for plant growth enhancement.

Thymol and its Derivatives for Management of Phytopathogenic fungi of maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Gaba ◽  
Sunita Sharma ◽  
Harleen Kaur ◽  
Pardeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Mannich Bases ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
Thymol Derivatives ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Blight Disease

Background: Thymol is a bioactive compound having many pharmacological activities. Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the fungi toxic effects of thymol and derivatives against phytopathogenic fungi of maize. Method: Thymol was derivatized to get formylated thymol, Mannich bases, and imine derivatives. All the synthesized thymol derivatives were characterized by their physical and spectral properties. Synthesized thymol derivatives were screened for their in vitro antifungal effects using poisoned food technique against three maize pathogenic fungi namely Fusarium moniliforme, Rhizoctonia solani and Dreschlera maydis. Results: Thymol and formylated thymol showed promising results for control of D. maydis with ED50 values less than standard carbendazim and comparable to standard mancozeb. These two compounds were further evaluated for control of D. maydis causative maydis leaf blight disease on maize plants grown in the field during the Kharif season (June to October) 2018. Conclusion: Thymol exhibited significant control of maydis leaf blight disease of maize and emerged as a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides used in cereal crops.

A Review of Corynespora cassiicola and Its Increasing Relevance to Tomato in Florida

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keevan J. MacKenzie ◽  
Leilani G. Sumabat ◽  
Katia V. Xavier ◽  
Gary E. Vallad
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Varietal Resistance ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Pathogen Diversity ◽  
Target Spot ◽  
Insight Into

Corynespora cassiicola is a highly diverse fungal pathogen that can infect more than 500 species of plants, including many economically important crops such as cotton, soybean, tomato, and cucumber. In Florida, the number one vegetable crop by market value are fresh-market tomatoes, which generate nearly half a billion dollars annually. Florida’s subtropical to tropical climate is conducive to infection and development of the target spot pathogen on tomato caused by C. cassiicola. There is no varietal resistance available for target spot of tomato, and preventative fungicide treatments are the primary method for control. In the last decade, C. cassiicola has been more frequently reported by Florida tomato growers, appearing not only more aggressive but also increasingly insensitive to various fungicides. This review brings together the most recent C. cassiicola literature, providing a history and understanding of the immense pathogen diversity and its relevance to tomato. It also provides insight into fungicide resistance development and pathogen survivability, which are important factors in providing effective control recommendations and in understanding the epidemiology of this disease, respectively.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Cercospora cf. sigesbeckiae, a Causal Agent of Cercospora Leaf Blight on Soybean

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Albu ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Burton H. Bluhm ◽  
Paul P. Price ◽  
Raymond W. Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Agricultural Commodities

ABSTRACT Cercospora cf. sigesbeckiae is an ascomycete fungal pathogen that infects various plants, including important agricultural commodities, such as soybean. Here, we report the first draft genome sequence and assembly of this pathogen.

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