Antibacterial Activities of Acetic Acid against Major and Minor Pathogens Isolated from Mastitis in Dairy Cows

The present study evaluated the antimicrobial activities of acetic acid against bovine mastitis pathogens compared to lactic acid and lauric and caprylic saturated fatty acids. Eleven mastitis pathogens were isolated from sub-clinical and clinical bovine mastitis cases for the study. An initial screening of their antibacterial activities by agar well diffusion method was performed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of each acid were obtained using a microdilution method; each acid was diluted from stock solution and then were diluted with culture broth to reach concentrations ranging from 4 to 0.004% w/v. The results showed acetic acid had the highest zone of inhibition against all pathogens except Escherichia coli compared with lauric and caprylic acids. The MIC and MBC were lowest for acetic acid against both Gram-positive (except Staphylococcus chromogenes from the coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) group) and Gram-negative pathogens, intermediate for lactic and caprylic acids and greatest for lauric acid. In conclusion, acetic acid had antimicrobial activities against most mastitis pathogens compared with other acids. Further studies are needed to optimize the formulation and concentration of acetic acid for teat-dipping agent in the future.

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Exploitation of Potentially New Antibiotics from Mangrove Actinobacteria in Maowei Sea by Combination of Multiple Discovery Strategies

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics8040236 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 236 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qin-Pei Lu ◽

Jing-Jing Ye ◽

Yong-Mei Huang ◽

Di Liu ◽

Li-Fang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Early Stage ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Culture Broth ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Reporter System ◽

Mangrove Soil ◽

New Antibiotics

Rediscovery of known antibiotics from actinobacteria, especially Streptomyces, has become a bottleneck issue. Nowadays, more specific identification and dereplication could be acquired by a combination of modern analytic techniques with various databases. In this study, 261 actinobacterial strains were isolated from 8 mangrove soil samples by culture-dependent method. A total of 83 strains were selected to evaluate antibacterial activities and mechanisms by disc diffusion method and a unique double fluorescent protein reporter system (pDualrep2), respectively. Thirty-two strains exhibited antagonistic activity against at least one of the “ESKAPE” pathogens. Four Streptomyces strains (B475, B486, B353, and B98) showed strong inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria and induced DNA damage SOS response. One Micromonospora strain (B704) exhibited inhibitory activity against several pathogens and induced attenuation-based translational inhibitors reporter. Seven members of quinoxaline-type antibiotics including quinomycin A, quinomycin monosulfoxide, and other five putative new analogues were found from the culture broth of strain B475 by a combination of anti-MRSA guide, HPTLC, HPLC-UV, and UPLC-UV-HRESIMS/MS analysis, Chemspider searching, and MS/MS-based molecular networking analysis. In conclusion, this study not only demonstrated that mangrove is a rich source of actinobacteria with the potentially new antibiotics but showed rapid dereplication of known antibiotics in the early stage can improve efficiency for the discovery of new antibiotics.

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AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK DAUN JAMBU BIJI DARI BEBERAPA KULTIVAR TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 DENGAN HOLE-PLATE DIFFUSION METHOD

Journal of Biological Researches ◽

10.23869/bphjbr.9.1.200310 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 49-51

Author(s):

Farida Lanawati Darsono ◽

Stephanie Devi Artemisia

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Activity Test

A study has been performed on the antimicrobial activities of jambu biji (Psidium guajava Linn) leaves from several cultivars (red, white and yellow cultivar) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 representing the Gram positive bacteria. The reason for conducting this research is that the leaves of jambu biji are frequently used in traditional medicine as a remedy against diarrhoea. The hole-plate diffusion method was used for conducting the antimicrobial activity test with antibiotics (Ampicilline trihidrat) as reference standards. The extracts of jambu biji for each cultivar were obtained by reflux with ethanol 96 percent. The concentrations of the extracts applied to the holes were 10 percent, 20 percent, and 30 percent w/v, the extracts were reconstituted with tween 80 and ethanol 96 percent. Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that the extract of jambu biji from each cultivar with the concentration of 10 percent, 20 percent, and 30 percent w/v showed antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The result obtained statictically evaluated using Anava Factorial 3x3 and furthery tested for significancy (a = 0.05). Based on the results of study, it can be concluded that the extract of jambu biji leaves from red cultivar, white cultivar and yellow cultivar showed antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

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Molecular identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis and detection of β-lactam resistance

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.5871 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (09) ◽

pp. 1022-1027 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mariela Elizabeth Srednik ◽

Mario Andres Grieben ◽

Adriana Bentancor ◽

Elida Raquel Gentilini

Keyword(s):

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Gap Gene ◽

Mastitis Pathogens

Introduction: Bovine mastitis is a frequent cause of economic loss in dairy herds. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are increasing in importance as causeof bovine intramammary infection (IMI) throughout the world in recent years. CoNShave been isolated from milk samples collected from cows with clinical andsubclinical mastitis in several countries. Identification of mastitis pathogensis important when selection appropriate antimicrobial therapy.Methodology: A total of 93 strains of Staphylococcusspp isolated from bovine clinical andsubclinical mastitis in Argentina during 2010-2013 were identified by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR using the gap gene. The isolates were tested by PCR for the presence of blaZ gene and mecA gene and were tested by disk diffusion for the susceptibilityto penicillin and cefoxitin. Results: The most common CoNS species was S.chromogenes 46.2% (43/93), followed by S. devriesei 11.8% (11/93) and S. haemolyticus 9.7% (9/93). The blaZ gene was detected in 19 (20.4%) but only 16 (17.2%) isolates were resistant to penicillin; the mecA was detected in6 (6.5%) isolates but only 4 (4.3) were resistant to cefoxitin. The 6 mecA-positive isolates showed oxaxillinMICs ≥ 0.5 μg/ml. Discussion: CoNSare important minor mastitis pathogens and can be the cause of substantial economic losses. Despite the low resistance to PEN in Argentina, the presenceof MR isolates found in this study emphasize the importance of identificationof CoNS when an IMI is present because of the potentially risk of lateraltransfer of resistance genes between staphylococcal species.

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Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Cobalt(III) Complexes of 4-(2-Substituted Phenylimino)-2-(4-Substituted Phenyl)-4H-chromen-3-ol

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2019.22068 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (9) ◽

pp. 2015-2021

Author(s):

Ashok K. Singh ◽

Suresh K. Patel ◽

Asif Jafri

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Measurements ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Mass Spectral ◽

Antimicrobial Evaluation ◽

Uv Visible ◽

Paper Disc

A series of eight Co(III) complexes [CoL1-8(H2O)2Cl] (I-1 to I-8) incorporating 4-(2-substituted phenylimino)-2-(4-substituted phenyl)-4H-chromen-3-ol, as a tridentate imino flavone ligands (L1 to L8, 2-sub. = NH2, SH, 4-sub. = OMe, OH, Cl, NMe2) have been synthesized, characterized and the geometry of the complexes were optimized by DFT. The chemical structure of synthesized imino flavone ligands and their complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV-visible, IR, ESI-mass spectral data, conductometric and magnetic measurements. The synthesized compounds have been screened for their in vitro antibacterial activities against bacteria Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and antifungal activities against fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus by paper disc diffusion method. The complexes I-3, I-4, I-7 and I-8 showed good antimicrobial activities against pathogens.

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Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activities of Atalantia monophylla (L) Correa and Atalantia racemosa Wight and Arn

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407214666180521105026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 427-436

Author(s):

Mahadevan Subramaniyan ◽

Vijayakumar Subramaniyan ◽

Arulmozhi Praveenkumar

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Root Bark ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Isolation And Characterization

Background: Infectious diseases are major leading cause of death in all parts of the world, because of the appearance of new multi drug resistant microbes. Therefore, the discovery of potential drug for effective treatment will help the slaughter of the microbes. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the presence of photochemical and antimicrobial activities of various crude extracts of leaves, fruits and root bark of Atalantia monophylla and Atalantia racemosa against human pathogens by using well diffusion method. Methods: Antimicrobial properties of the various extracts of Atalantia monophylla and Atalantia racemosa were studied against some human pathogenic microbes such as Gram-positive Bacteria, (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus) Gram-negative Bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) and human opportunistic fungal pathogens (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger). All the extracts were comparable with standard drugs (Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Nystatin. and Amphotericin B). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal /fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) values were determined through a microdilution method. The phytochemical analysis of these plant extracts were carried out using standard mthods. Results: Methanolic leaf extract of A. monophylla has showed excellent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (40mm). As well, the A. racemosa methanolic leaf extract shows notable inhibitory activity against S. aureus (38mm). At the same time, the least inhibition was observed in aqueous extract of A. monophylla against E.coli (9mm). The MIC ranged from 0.78 µg/mL to 50 µg/mL and MBC/MFC 1.56 to 50 µg/mL were recorded. Phytochemical analysis of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, phenolics and cardiae glycoside were recorded in various extracts of A. monophylla and A. racemosa respectively. Flavonoids, phenolics and cardiac glycoside were present only in methonalic leaf extract of A. monophylla. Conclusion: The result of this study concluded that methanolic leaf extract has possessed novel compounds with significant antimicrobial properties. Hence, we recommend this plant for further studies on the isolation and characterization of that lead antimicrobial potential molecule.

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Antimicrobial Activities of Bryophyllum pinnatum on Some Selected Clinical Isolates.

Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences ◽

10.53704/fujnas.v6i1.135 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

I A Ibikunle

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Bryophyllum Pinnatum

Ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum obtained through cold maceration, were screened for their antibacterial activities against selected multi-drug resistant bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi Staphylococcus aureus) using the agar well diffusion method. Broth dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts at concentrations ranging from 100mg/ml to 25mg/ml. The ethanol extract was the most reactive while the aqueous extract showed lesser antibacterial activity. Ofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic in the antibiotic susceptibility profiling of the test organisms. It was however evident that the ethanol extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum has higher antibacterial efficacy on the test organisms than Ofloxacin. Bacteriostatic and -cidal activities were exhibited by the plant extracts against the organisms ranging from 25 â€“ 100 Ã— 103 Âµg/ml. Succinctly, Bryophyllum pinnatum possesses biologically active constituents with explorable pharmacological potentials.

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Isolation, characterization and HPLC quantification of compounds from Aquilegia fragrans Benth: Their in vitro antibacterial activities against bovine mastitis pathogens

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.039 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 178 ◽

pp. 9-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Saleem Mushtaq ◽

Mushtaq A. Aga ◽

Parvaiz H. Qazi ◽

Md. Niamat Ali ◽

Aabid Manzoor Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Mastitis Pathogens

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Effect of bovine lactoferrin on the internalization of coagulase-negative staphylococci into bovine mammary epithelial cells under in-vitro conditions

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029908003774 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 144-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Paula Hyvönen ◽

Sari Käyhkö ◽

Suvi Taponen ◽

Atte von Wright ◽

Satu Pyörälä

Keyword(s):

Cell Model ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Mammary Epithelial ◽

Bovine Lactoferrin ◽

Intracellular Replication ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

In Vitro Susceptibility ◽

Intramammary Infection ◽

Mastitis Pathogens

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) have emerged as bovine mastitis pathogens in many countries. CNS mastitis is generally mild but can persist in the udder for long periods. Pathogenesis of CNS intramammary infection is not well understood. In the present study, adhesion, invasion and intracellular replication of twenty-two CNS strains isolated from bovine mastitis and the effect of bovine lactoferrin (bLf) on the internalization were studied in vitro in a bovine mammary epithelial (BME) cell model. The CNS strains were ofStaphylococcus chromogenes, Staph. simulans, Staph. epidermidis, Staph. haemolyticusandStaph. cohnii urealyticus; two strains ofStaph. aureuswere used as controls. Seven of the CNS strains originated from persistent and five from transient mastitis infections. The in-vitro susceptibility of the strains to bLf was also investigated. All CNS species examined had an adhesive ability equal to that ofStaph. aureus, but internalization varied among staphylococcal strains. The antagonistic effect of bLf on the adhesion and invasion of CNS strains was weak, but bLf significantly decreased intracellular replication and replication rates of CNS. No correlation between the in-vitro susceptibility of the strain to bLf or internalization among clinical signs of mastitis was established. No difference between the persistent and transient CNS strains in adhesion, invasion or replication rate was recorded. This in-vitro BME cell model can be used to study the virulence potential of mastitis pathogens, although the severity and persistence of eventual infections shall be further investigated in vivo. The role of bLf in intramammary infection caused by CNS may be limited.

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A Novel Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Seven Mycoplasma Species of Cattle Origin

10.21203/rs.3.rs-551853/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jyhmirn Lai ◽

Hengching Lin ◽

Peichuan Hsu ◽

Satoshi Gondaira ◽

Hidetoshi Higuchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Annealing Temperature ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Mycoplasma Species ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Streptococcus Uberis ◽

The Common ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Mastitis Pathogens

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop a pair of primers for detecting ruminant mycoplasma pathogens. We designed a set of primers based on the most similar sequences within 16sRNA regions of seven Mycoplasma spp. These primers have high sensitivity for detecting Mycoplasma dispar, M. arginine, M. canadense, M. bovis, M. alkalescens, M. californicum, and M. bovisgenitalium within the annealing temperature range of 46°C to 48°C. The minimum amount of DNA that can be detected using the protocol is 250 ng, which is equivalent to 2,000 cfu/mL. The primers can detect mycoplasma from DNA extracted directly from milk samples. The common bovine mastitis pathogens of Staphylococcus aureus coagulase-negative staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus uberis, Klebiella pneumonia, Korucia rosea, and Acholeplasma spp. were not detected by the primers. We believe the high sensitivity and specificity of these primers make them useful for detecting infection with seven Mycoplasma species in ruminants, allowing the primers to be used in clinical settings.

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