scholarly journals Noli Timere: The Role of Reassuring Adults in Dealing with COVID-19 Anxiety in Pediatric Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Daniela Smirni
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Parent Communication ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
A Minor

Since the earliest stages of the Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) spread, the elderly has been identified as the most vulnerable and health authorities have rightly focused on that population. Minor attention was paid to pediatric populations and their emotional reactions. Actually, children and adolescents faced severe anxiety, fear and stress conditions. An efficient management of the pandemic, therefore, must take into account the pediatric population which cannot be neglected as a minor matter compared to the elderly, the economy and health care. Since the lockdown time is over, children and adolescents must recover sociality, return to living in the open air, rediscover playing, free time, aiming for the beauty of their everyday life. In order to mitigate the long-term impact of COVID-19, the key response is the reassuring presence of the adult as ‘a secure base’. The current study aimed to collect an overview of the recent references that report evidence on the role of adults in containing pandemic anxiety COVID-19 in pediatric populations, suggesting the need to ensure a reassuring presence of the adult, an effective child-parent communication, a child-friendly day and a long-lasting shared time with parents.

scholarly journals Physical activity versus metformin for increasing insulin sensitivity in children and adolescents at-risk for type 2 diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Andrew D Hanna ◽  
Natalie V Scime
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pediatric Populations

Global rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among children and adolescents are steadily rising. As such, an increasing amount of attention and research has begun to focus on strategies to prevent this chronic and burdensome disease in pediatric populations. The purpose of this article is to briefly review current evidence pertaining to the effectiveness of physical activity versus metformin in improving insulin sensitivity of children at-risk (ie, obese and/or insulin resistant) for developing T2D. Potential barriers to each preventative intervention will also be discussed. Physical activity, both aerobic and resistance, has demonstrated effectiveness in a moderate number of demographically diverse pediatric studies. However, the pediatric population is already alarmingly sedentary with barriers such as lack of motivation, social stigma and discomfort presenting a challenge. A small number of studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of metformin in children and adolescents for improved insulin sensitivity. However, longer and larger studies are required to confirm these findings and elucidate upon the long-term safety and efficacy of this pharmaceutical in pediatric populations. While no head-to-head studies examining physical activity and metformin exist in pediatric populations and more research is needed, current evidence seems to favour the use of physical activity given the larger quantity of studies and generalizability of its beneficial effects. Thus, physical activity should be emphasized in clinical and public health practice when targeting at-risk children and adolescents to prevent a T2D diagnosis.

The Role of Preoperative Duplex Ultrasound Vessel Mapping in Determining Primary Failure of Pediatric Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistula

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Tam T. T. Huynh ◽  
B. N. Garza ◽  
J. Geer ◽  
K. C. Broadbent ◽  
W. A. Martinek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Maturation Time ◽  
Pediatric Hemodialysis ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

The autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access for pediatric and adult patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD). However, the prevalent rate of AVF use in children remains low in the United States. Duplex ultrasonography (DUS) of arm vessels is an essential step in the planning of AVF creation in adults, but its use in children is not described in much detail. In this retrospective study, we examined the role of preoperative DUS in children and adolescents who underwent AVF creation at a single large pediatric hospital, from 2008 to 2017. In addition, we sought to determine the potential risk factors for primary failure (PF), which was defined as the inability to use the AVF for at least a sustained 6-week period either due to thrombosis or any other reasons. We created 67 AVFs in 57 patients (34 male; 60%). The overall PF was 16% (11/67), and higher in cephalic AVF (10/40, 25%) compared to basilic (1/27, 3.7%), P = .04. The median maturation time was longer for basilic compared to cephalic AVF (105±47 vs. 88±38 days, respectively, P = .006). The size of the juxta-anastomotic vein and artery on preoperative DUS was not significantly different in cephalic versus basilic AVFs. However, the median diameter of the outflow vein was significantly smaller in the cephalic compared to basilic AVF (3.4 mm vs. 4.2 mm, P = .042). In addition, the outflow vein size was the only preoperative factor found to be significant as possible predictor for PF on univariable analysis. The results of this study show that the PF rate and maturation time for AVFs created in children and adolescents are comparable to adults, with the routine use of preoperative DUS. We postulate that vessel selection for AVF in the pediatric population should take into consideration the size of the vein at the outflow (and not just at the anastomosis).

Emotional responses of children and adolescents to parents with multiple sclerosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivka Yahav ◽  
Janine Vosburgh ◽  
Ariel Miller
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Household Tasks ◽  
Active Protection ◽  
Fear And Anxiety

The effect of a chronic illness of one parent on children is determined by a complicated interaction of various emotional components. Our focus was on the children’s and adolescent’s emotional reactions and feelings towards their multiple sclerosis (MS)-affected parents, including: degree of responsibility, obligation and concern, yielding behaviour and active protection, fear and anxiety related to the state of illness, their sense of burden in connection with household tasks and errands, and anger. Fifty-six children, ages 10=18, each having a parent with MS, were examined. The results were compared to a control group of 156 age-matched children with healthy parents. Feelings were examined by means of a questionnaire previously constructed by us. We found that children of parents with MS felt more responsibility and obligation than children of healthy parents. They also exhibited more yielding behaviour, more fear and anxiety related to states of illness, a greater sense of burden and a greater degree of anger. We consider the interaction between the sex of the parent and the sex of the child in connection with these feelings and discuss the implications of the ‘parental child’ role of these children.

scholarly journals Asthma Linked with Rhinosinusitis: An Extensive Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. ar.2014.5.0083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Frieri
Keyword(s):  
Early Recognition ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Immune Genes

Current literature related to asthma diagnosis, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment linked with rhinosinusitis is important. Asthma is very heterogeneous; new theories and treatments are emerging. It is a growing epidemic among children and adults in the United States and the severity of asthma is caused by many factors such as lack of education, poor early recognition, decreased symptom awareness, improper medications, and phenotypic changes. Genetic variation, innate immune genes, those involved in tissue remodeling and arachidonic acid metabolism, and inflammatory mediators might contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) linked with asthma. This extensive review addresses concepts of the burden of asthma and sinusitis, altered innate immunity, adaptive immunity, asthma remodeling, the airway epithelium, the role of airway smooth muscle cells, united allergic airway, genetics, an integral part in asthma, and CRS. In addition, the role of vitamin D in both asthma and CRS in the elderly and pediatric population, various treatment options, and exhaled nitric oxide are briefly addressed.

scholarly journals Antiretroviral Therapy in Children and Adolescents: A Look Into Modern Single Tablet Regimens

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 783-794
Author(s):  
Clara Lee ◽  
Jenna Sapasap ◽  
Joseph LaRochelle ◽  
Renata O. Smith ◽  
Melissa E. Badowski
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Caregiver Health ◽  
Factorial Approach ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Optimal Regimen

Single tablet regimens (STRs) have simplified antiretroviral therapy (ART) over the years in the adult human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) population. However, there is still a prevalent need to simplify regimens in children and adolescents living with HIV. Finding the optimal regimen requires a multi-factorial approach due to their complex pharmacokinetic profiles throughout childhood and the challenges and limitations of medication non-adherence in the pediatric population. These challenges include pill size, available formulations, palatability, and caregiver health literacy, which can all affect the proper administration of medications. The complexity of this population implies the importance of customizing everyone's antiretroviral regimen so that the patient and family can successfully adhere to the therapy. The current recommendations for ART in the adult and pediatric populations are similar, yet the use of STRs are limited. The goal of this review was to assess current data on available STRs and determine their utility as ART in the pediatric population.

scholarly journals Bruxism in Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Elisa Luconi ◽  
Lucrezia Togni ◽  
Marco Mascitti ◽  
Andrea Tesei ◽  
Alessandra Nori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Oral Breathing ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

The role of bruxism in children and adolescents with Down syndrome, the most often diagnosed congenital syndrome, is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a narrative review of the literature about bruxism in children and adolescents with Down syndrome to identify the prevalence, risk factors, and possible treatments of this disorder. Although an accurate estimate of its prevalence could not be inferred, it appears that bruxism is more prevalent in Down syndrome individuals rather than in the general pediatric population. No gender difference was observed, but a reduction in its prevalence was described with increasing age (around 12 years). The variability in the diagnostic techniques contributed to the heterogeneity of the literature data. Clinicopathological features of Down syndrome, such as muscle spasticity, oral breathing, and a predisposition to obstructive sleep apnea, may suggest a higher prevalence of bruxism in this patient group. Finally, given the paucity of studies on the management of bruxism in this population, it was not possible to outline a standard protocol for the non-invasive treatment of cases in which an observational approach is not sufficient.

scholarly journals Energetic therapy for psycho-emotional conditions in children and adolescents with vegetative dystonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
E.V. Neudakhin ◽  
◽  
O.E. Talitskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Keywords Children ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
And Child Health

This paper discusses the evolution of the knowledge on some aspects of vegetative dystonia and psychosomatic conditions as well as the hierarchy of various organs and systems. The role of the immune system in the development of psychosomatic conditions is emphasized. The data on the specifics of psycho-emotional reactions in children depending on age and the type of underlying pathological condition are addressed. Adaptation compensatory role of emotions is highlighted. Chronic stress and impaired activity of enzymes contribute to the development of vegetative dystonia and associated psycho-emotional conditions. Carnitine is involved in metabolic processes from conception to aging. Multiple studies demonstrate high efficacy of energetic preparations (e.g., L-carnitine, coenzyme Q10 etc.) for psycho-emotional conditions in children with vegetative dystonia. KEYWORDS: children, stress, vegetative dystonia, neuroimmunoendocrinology, emotions, energetic therapy, L-carnitine. FOR CITATION: Neudakhin E.V., Talitskaya O.E. Energetic therapy for psycho-emotional conditions in children and adolescents with vegetative dystonia. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(1):77–84. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-1-77-84.

scholarly journals EL MATRIMONIO INFANTIL EN MÉXICO

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Del Carmen Olán Campos ◽  
Josefina De la Cruz Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Marital Rape ◽  
Forced Marriage ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
A Minor

Child marriage is a major social phenomenon in which children and adolescents are abused and exposed. Their rights are violated and they are exposed to both physically and psychologically dangers, since it is a forced marriage between an adult and a minor. It is a disorder where drastically change from a child or teenager to play the role of and adult with a series of responsibilities not suitable for their age. The child not only have to be inserted into adulthood but they also develop as wives or husbands, even in mothers without having reached adulthood or without even knowing what marriage and motherhood implies. Child marriage is a serious violation of the Rights of the Child, and girls are more vulnerable to this situation, as they have to bear the obligation to be both wife and marital rape is increasing when they are in. Leaving childhood and moving into adulthood is not easy, nor is it possible to assimilate from one day to another, so children who suffer from this violation have serious problems developing before society because they are prevented from physical freedom, as well as the ability to decide their future for themselves.

scholarly journals Reasons in favour of universal vaccination campaign against COVID-19 in the pediatric population

2022 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Principi ◽  
Susanna Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Vaccines For Children

Abstract Background Despite the growing evidence of the extreme efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in adults and the elderly, the administration of the same prophylactic measures to pediatric subjects is debated by some parents and by a number of researchers. The aim of this manuscript is to explain the reasons for overcoming hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents and to highlight the importance of universal COVID-19 vaccination in the pediatric population. Main findings Recent epidemiological data suggest that the risk that a child with COVID-19 is hospitalized or admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit is greater than initially thought. Children may also suffer from long COVID and school closure because of COVID-19 can cause relevant mental health problems in the pediatric population. Placebo-controlled, observer-blinded, clinical trials showed appropriate efficacy, safety and tolerability of authorized mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents 12–17 years old. Vaccination in children younger than 12 years of age will allow further benefits . Conclusions COVID-19 vaccine administration seems mandatory in all the children and adolescents because of COVID-19 related complications as well as the efficacy, safety and tolerability of COVID-19 vaccines in this population. Due to the recent approval of COVID-9 vaccines for children 5–10 years old, it is desirable that vaccine opponents can understand how important is the universal immunization against COVID-19 for the pediatric subjects.

School Success and School Engagement of Immigrant Children and Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frosso Motti-Stefanidi ◽  
Ann S. Masten
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
School Success ◽  
Immigrant Children ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
The Individual

Academic achievement in immigrant children and adolescents is an indicator of current and future adaptive success. Since the future of immigrant youths is inextricably linked to that of the receiving society, the success of their trajectory through school becomes a high stakes issue both for the individual and society. The present article focuses on school success in immigrant children and adolescents, and the role of school engagement in accounting for individual and group differences in academic achievement from the perspective of a multilevel integrative model of immigrant youths’ adaptation ( Motti-Stefanidi, Berry, Chryssochoou, Sam, & Phinney, 2012 ). Drawing on this conceptual framework, school success is examined in developmental and acculturative context, taking into account multiple levels of analysis. Findings suggest that for both immigrant and nonimmigrant youths the relationship between school engagement and school success is bidirectional, each influencing over time the other. Evidence regarding potential moderating and mediating roles of school engagement for the academic success of immigrant youths also is evaluated.

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