scholarly journals Vasorelaxant Effects Induced by Red Wine and Pomace Extracts of Magliocco Dolce cv.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Carullo ◽  
Amer Ahmed ◽  
Fabio Fusi ◽  
Fabio Sciubba ◽  
Maria Enrica Di Cocco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Wine ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Acid Radical ◽  
Rat Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Vasorelaxant Activity ◽  
Seed Extracts

Several epidemiological studies demonstrate that moderate (red) wine consumption may afford protection against cardiovascular diseases. Protection is ascribed to the biological activity of wine components, many of which, however, are discarded during winemaking. In vitro rat thoracic aorta rings contracted with phenylephrine or KCl were used to assess the vasorelaxant activity of extracts from wine pomaces (seeds and skins) of the Calabrian autochthonous grape variety Magliocco dolce (Arvino). NMR spectroscopy was used to ascertain their chemical composition. Data demonstrate that seed and skin, but not must, extracts are capable of relaxing vascular preparations in an endothelium-dependent manner, similarly to the red wine extract, due to the presence of comparable amounts of bioactive constituents. In rings pre-contracted with 20–30 mM KCl, only seed extracts showed a moderate relaxation. The most efficacious vasodilating extract (wine) showed a good antioxidant profile in both [(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)acid] radical (DPPH) and [2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] radical (ABTS) assays. In conclusion, winemaking from Magliocco dolce grape can provide potentially health-promoting by-products useful in cardiovascular disease management.

scholarly journals Phaseolin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Cells and Zebrafish

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Su-Jung Hwang ◽  
Ye-Seul Song ◽  
Hyo-Jong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bioactive Constituents

Kushen (Radix Sophorae flavescentis) is used to treat ulcerative colitis, tumors, and pruritus. Recently, phaseolin, formononetin, matrine, luteolin, and quercetin, through a network pharmacology approach, were tentatively identified as five bioactive constituents responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of S. flavescentis. However, the role of phaseolin (one of the primary components of S. flavescentis) in the direct regulation of inflammation and inflammatory processes is not well known. In this study, the beneficial role of phaseolin against inflammation was explored in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation models of RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish larvae. Phaseolin inhibited LPS-mediated production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), without affecting cell viability. In addition, phaseolin suppressed pro-inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, phaseolin reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity as well as macrophage adhesion in vitro and the recruitment of leukocytes in vivo by downregulating Ninjurin 1 (Ninj1), an adhesion molecule. Finally, phaseolin inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In view of the above, our results suggest that phaseolin could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the management of inflammation.

Vasorelaxing Activity of Stilbenoid and Phenanthrene Derivatives from Brasiliorchis porphyrostele: Involvement of Smooth Muscle CaV1.2 Channels

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (09) ◽  
pp. 631-642
Author(s):  
Watcharee Waratchareeyakul ◽  
Fabio Fusi ◽  
Miriam Durante ◽  
Amer Ahmed ◽  
Walter Knirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Spasmolytic Activity ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Cav1.2 Channels ◽  
Vasorelaxant Activity

AbstractFive compounds, 3,4′-dihydroxy-3′,5,5′-trimethoxydihydrostilbene, 1; 3,4′-ihydroxy-3′,5′-dimethoxydihydrostilbene, 2; 3,4′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethoxydihydrostilbene, 3; 9,10-dihydro-2,7-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenanthrene, 4; and the previously unreported 1,2,6,7-tetrahydroxy-4-methoxyphenanthrene, 5 were isolated from the South American orchid, Brasiliorchis porphyrostele. An in-depth analysis of their vascular effects was performed on in vitro rat aorta rings and tail main artery myocytes. Compounds 1 – 4 were shown to possess vasorelaxant activity on rings pre-contracted by the α 1 receptor agonist phenylephrine, the CaV1.2 stimulator (S)-(−)-Bay K 8644, or depolarized with high K+ concentrations. However, compound 5 was active solely on rings stimulated by 25 mM but not 60 mM K+. The spasmolytic activity of compounds 1 and 4 was significantly affected by the presence of an intact endothelium. The KATP channel blocker glibenclamide and the KV channel blocker 4-aminopyridine significantly antagonized the vasorelaxant activity of compounds 4 and 1, respectively. In patch-clamp experiments, compounds 1 – 4 inhibited Ba2+ current through CaV1.2 channels in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas neither compound 4 nor compound 1 affected K+ currents through KATP and KV channels, respectively. The present in vitro, comprehensive study demonstrates that Brasiliorchis porphyrostele may represent a source of vasoactive agents potentially useful for the development of novel antihypertensive agents that has now to be validated in vivo in animal models of hypertension.

scholarly journals Sapogenol is a Major Microbial Metabolite in Human Plasma Associated with High Protein Soy-Based Diets: The Relevance for Functional Food Formulations

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Madalina Neacsu ◽  
Vassilios Raikos ◽  
Yara Benavides-Paz ◽  
Sylvia H. Duncan ◽  
Gary J. Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Soya Meal ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Health Promoting

Legumes are a source of health-promoting macro- and micronutrients, but also contain numerous phytochemicals with useful biological activities, an example of which are saponins. Epidemiological studies suggest that saponins may play a role in protection from cancer and benefit human health by lowering cholesterol. Therefore, they could represent good candidates for specialised functional foods. Following the consumption of a soya-rich high-protein weight-loss diet (SOYA HP WL), the concentrations of Soyasaponin I (SSI) and soyasapogenol B (SSB) were determined in faecal samples from human volunteers (n = 10) and found to be between 1.4 and 17.5 mg per 100 g fresh faecal sample. SSB was the major metabolite identified in volunteers’ plasma (n = 10) after consumption of the soya test meal (SOYA MEAL); the postprandial (3 h after meal) plasma concentration for SSB varied between 48.5 ng/mL to 103.2 ng/mL. The metabolism of SSI by the gut microbiota (in vitro) was also confirmed. This study shows that the main systemic metabolites of soyasaponin are absorbed from the gut and that they are bioavailable in plasma predominantly as conjugates of sapogenol. The metabolism and bioavailability of biologically active molecules represent key information necessary for the efficient development of functional foods.

scholarly journals A Glycosaminoglycan-Rich Fraction from Sea Cucumber Isostichopus badionotus Has Potent Anti-Inflammatory Properties In Vitro and In Vivo

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1698
Author(s):  
Leticia Olivera-Castillo ◽  
George Grant ◽  
Nuvia Kantún-Moreno ◽  
Hirian A. Barrera-Pérez ◽  
Jorge Montero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Sea cucumber body wall contains several naturally occurring bioactive components that possess health-promoting properties. Isostichopus badionotus from Yucatan, Mexico is heavily fished, but little is known about its bioactive constituents. We previously established that I. badionotus meal had potent anti-inflammatory properties in vivo. We have now screened some of its constituents for anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Glycosaminoglycan and soluble protein preparations reduced 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammatory responses in HaCaT cells while an ethanol extract had a limited effect. The primary glycosaminoglycan (fucosylated chondroitin sulfate; FCS) was purified and tested for anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. FCS modulated the expression of critical genes, including NF-ĸB, TNFα, iNOS, and COX-2, and attenuated inflammation and tissue damage caused by TPA in a mouse ear inflammation model. It also mitigated colonic colitis caused in mice by dextran sodium sulfate. FCS from I. badionotus of the Yucatan Peninsula thus had strong anti-inflammatory properties in vivo.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities of Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica Sprouts and Microgreens: An Updated Overview from a Nutraceutical Perspective

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Ninh Le ◽  
Chiu-Hsia Chiu ◽  
Pao-Chuan Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Sprouts and microgreens, the edible seedlings of vegetables and herbs, have received increasing attention in recent years and are considered as functional foods or superfoods owing to their valuable health-promoting properties. In particular, the seedlings of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) have been highly prized for their substantial amount of bioactive constituents, including glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and essential minerals. These secondary metabolites are positively associated with potential health benefits. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that broccoli seedlings possess various biological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and antidiabetic activities. The present review summarizes the updated knowledge about bioactive compounds and bioactivities of these broccoli products and discusses the relevant mechanisms of action. This review will serve as a potential reference for food selections of consumers and applications in functional food and nutraceutical industries.

scholarly journals Metformin Inhibits Tumor Metastasis through Suppressing Hsp90α Secretion in an AMPKα1-PKCγ Dependent Manner

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanchao Gong ◽  
Caihong Wang ◽  
Yi Jiang ◽  
Shaosen Zhang ◽  
Shi Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Secreted Proteins ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Mcf 7

Metformin has been documented in epidemiological studies to mitigate tumor progression. Previous reports show that metformin inhibits tumor migration in several cell lines, such as MCF-7 and H1299, but the mechanisms whereby metformin exerts its inhibitory effects on tumor metastasis remain largely unknown. The secreted proteins in cancer cell-derived secretome have been reported to play important roles in tumor metastasis, but whether metformin has an effect on tumor secretome remains unclear. Here we show that metformin inhibits tumor metastasis by suppressing Hsp90α (heat shock protein 90α) secretion. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis and functional validation identify that eHsp90α (extracellular Hsp90α) is one of the most important secreted proteins for metformin to inhibit tumor cells migration, invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we find that metformin inhibits Hsp90α secretion in an AMPKα1 dependent manner. Our data elucidate that AMPKα1 (AMP-activated protein kinase α1) decreases the phosphorylation level of Hsp90α by inhibiting the kinase activity of PKCγ (protein kinase Cγ), which suppresses the membrane translocation and secretion of Hsp90α. Collectively, our results illuminate that metformin inhibits tumor metastasis by suppressing Hsp90α secretion in an AMPKα1 dependent manner.

scholarly journals Genoprotective Properties and Metabolites of β-Glucan-Rich Edible Mushrooms Following Their In Vitro Fermentation by Human Faecal Microbiota

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3554
Author(s):  
Athina Boulaka ◽  
Paraschos Christodoulou ◽  
Marigoula Vlassopoulou ◽  
Georgios Koutrotsios ◽  
Georgios Bekiaris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cells ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Dose Dependent

A variety of bioactive compounds, constituents of edible mushrooms, in particular β-glucans, i.e., a group of β-d-glucose polysaccharides abundant in the fungal cell walls, have been linked to immunomodulating, anticancer and prebiotic activities. The aim of the study was the investigation of the genoprotective effects of edible mushrooms produced by Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus and Cyclocybe cylindracea (Basidiomycota). Mushrooms from selected strains of the species mentioned above were fermented in vitro using faecal inocula from healthy volunteers. The cytotoxic and anti-genotoxic properties of the fermentation supernatants (FSs) were investigated in Caco-2 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. The FSs were cytotoxic in a dose-dependent manner. Non-cytotoxic concentrations were used for the genotoxicity studies, which revealed that mushrooms’ FSs have the ability to protect Caco-2 cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH), a known genotoxic agent. Their global metabolic profiling was assessed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. A total of 37 metabolites were identified with the use of two-dimensional (2D) homo- and hetero-nuclear NMR experiments. Multivariate data analysis monitored the metabolic variability of gut microbiota and probed to biomarkers potentially associated with the health-promoting effects of edible mushrooms.

scholarly journals Effects of Coffee and Its Components on the Gastrointestinal Tract and the Brain–Gut Axis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Amaia Iriondo-DeHond ◽  
José Antonio Uranga ◽  
Maria Dolores del Castillo ◽  
Raquel Abalo
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Antiproliferative Effects ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Brain

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages consumed worldwide. Roasted coffee is a complex mixture of thousands of bioactive compounds, and some of them have numerous potential health-promoting properties that have been extensively studied in the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, with relatively much less attention given to other body systems, such as the gastrointestinal tract and its particular connection with the brain, known as the brain–gut axis. This narrative review provides an overview of the effect of coffee brew; its by-products; and its components on the gastrointestinal mucosa (mainly involved in permeability, secretion, and proliferation), the neural and non-neural components of the gut wall responsible for its motor function, and the brain–gut axis. Despite in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies having shown that coffee may exert multiple effects on the digestive tract, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects on the mucosa, and pro-motility effects on the external muscle layers, much is still surprisingly unknown. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of action of certain health-promoting properties of coffee on the gastrointestinal tract and to transfer this knowledge to the industry to develop functional foods to improve the gastrointestinal and brain–gut axis health.

scholarly journals Potential Beneficial Effects of Wine Flavonoids on Allergic Diseases

Diseases ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Tanaka ◽  
Atsuhiko Iuchi ◽  
Hiroshi Harada ◽  
Shoji Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Red Wine ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Flavonoid Intake ◽  
Ige Synthesis

Wine, a widely consumed beverage, comprises several biophenols that promote health. Flavonoids, majorly present in red wine, have been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activities. Regular consumption of red wine (100 mL/day) is estimated to provide an average of 88 mg of flavonoids, whereas recent epidemiological studies indicate that wine is one of the major sources of flavonoid intake amongst wine lovers in European countries (providing an average intake of 291–374 mg/day of flavonoids). In addition to being antioxidants, in vitro studies suggest that flavonoids also have anti-allergic activities that inhibit IgE synthesis, activation of mast cells and basophils or other inflammatory cells, and production of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines. Furthermore, they affect the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into effector T cell subsets. Moreover, several studies have reported the benefits of flavonoids in allergic models such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, anaphylaxis, and food allergy; however, evidence in humans is limited to allergic rhinitis and respiratory allergy. Although further evaluation is required, it is expected that an appropriate intake of flavonoids may be beneficial in preventing, and eventually managing, allergic diseases.

scholarly journals Feature-Based Molecular Networking Analysis of the Metabolites Produced by in vitro Solid-State Fermentation Reveals Pathways for the Bioconversion of Epigallocatechin Gallate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Fen Xie ◽  
Ya-Shuai Kong ◽  
Ru-Ze Li ◽  
Louis-Felix Nothias ◽  
Alexey V. Melnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Inclusion Complexation ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Molecular Networking ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Feature Based

Dark teas are prepared by a microbial fermentation process. Flavan-3-ol B-ring fission analogues (FBRFAs) are some of the key bioactive constituents that characterise dark teas. The precursors and the synthetic mechanism involved in the formation of FBRFAs are not known. Using a unique solid-state fermentation system with <i>β</i>-cyclodextrin inclusion complexation, as well as targeted chromatographic isolation, spectroscopic identification, and Feature-based Molecular Networking (FBMN) on the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) web-platform, we reveal that dihydromyricetin and the FBRFAs, including teadenol A and fuzhuanin A, are derived from epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) upon exposure to fungal strains isolated from Fuzhuan brick tea. In particular the strains from subphylum Pezizomycotina were key drivers for these B-/C-ring oxidation transformations. These are the same transformations seen during the fermentation process of dark teas. These discoveries set the stage to enrich dark teas and other food products for these health promoting constituents.

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