scholarly journals Polymeric Implants for the Treatment of Intraocular Eye Diseases: Trends in Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Materials

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Paulina García-Estrada ◽  
Miguel A. García-Bon ◽  
Edgar J. López-Naranjo ◽  
Dulce N. Basaldúa-Pérez ◽  
Arturo Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Biodegradable Implants ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Inherent Nature ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Intraocular/Intravitreal implants constitute a relatively new method to treat eye diseases successfully due to the possibility of releasing drugs in a controlled and prolonged way. This particularity has made this kind of method preferred over other methods such as intravitreal injections or eye drops. However, there are some risks and complications associated with the use of eye implants, the body response being the most important. Therefore, material selection is a crucial factor to be considered for patient care since implant acceptance is closely related to the physical and chemical properties of the material from which the device is made. In this regard, there are two major categories of materials used in the development of eye implants: non-biodegradables and biodegradables. Although non-biodegradable implants are able to work as drug reservoirs, their surgical requirements make them uncomfortable and invasive for the patient and may put the eyeball at risk. Therefore, it would be expected that the human body responds better when treated with biodegradable implants due to their inherent nature and fewer surgical concerns. Thus, this review provides a summary and discussion of the most common non-biodegradable and biodegradable materials employed for the development of experimental and commercially available ocular delivery implants.

Micro-Ribbons and Micro-Wires Silica Synthesis Using Bottom-Top Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 1008 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Marwa Nabil ◽  
Hussien A. Motaweh
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Pure Silica ◽  
One Step ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Sonication Technique ◽  
Silica Synthesis ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Silica is one of the most important materials used in many industries. The basic factor on which the selection process depends is the structural form, which is dependent on the various physical and chemical properties. One of the common methods in preparing pure silica is that it needs more than one stage to ensure the preparation process completion. The goal of this research is studying the nucleation technique (Bottom-top) for micro-wires and micro-ribbons silica synthesis. The silica nanoand microstructures are prepared using a duality (one step); a combination of alkali chemical etching process {potassium hydroxide (3 wt %) and n-propanol (30 Vol %)} and the ultra-sonication technique. In addition, the used materials in the preparation process are environmentally friendly materials that produce no harmful residues. The powder product is characterized using XRD, FTIR, Raman spectrum and SEM for determining the shape of architectures. The most significant factor of the nucleation mechanism is the sonication time of silica powder production during the dual technique. The product stages are as follows; silica nanoparticles (21-38 nm), nanoclusters silica (46 – 67 nm), micro-wires silica (1.17 – 6.29 μm), and micro-ribbons silica (19.4 – 54.1 μm). It's allowing for use in environmental applications (multiple wastewater purification, multiple uses in air filters, as well as many industrial applications).

TO THE QUESTION OF INDUSTRIAL AEROSOL CONTROL IN THE PROCESSING OF BLISTER COPPER

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.G. Drugova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Fedoruk ◽  
T.N. Shtin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Industrial Control ◽  
Silicon Iron ◽  
Carcinogenic Effect ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Toxic Potential ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Industrial Aerosol ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract. Due to the predominance of PM1 particles in the air samples, the following metals were found in the aerosol: copper, zinc, silicon, iron, lead, sulfur, arsenic, aluminum, antimony, tin, magnesium, cadmium and several other metals. The content of sulfates was significantly noted. These physical and chemical properties show a considerable toxic potential of industrial aerosol. The MPC of lead, sulfur and silicon dioxides, as well as nitrogen oxides and formaldehyde were detected in the working air. Meanwhile, copper, zinc, and iron did not exceed their MPC. Moreover, an underestimation of the aerosol was observed within the framework of industrial control. It has been found that the aerosol components may have an irritating, reprotoxic, allergenic, and carcinogenic effect on the body. Further consideration of the dispersed and chemical composition of the aerosol is required to determine the concentration of identified substances in the working air and the limiting components determining its biological effect.

scholarly journals Prospects Of Using Walnut In Technologies Of Drinks

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Inna Tiurikova ◽  
Mykhailo Peresichnyi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract The results of studies in the field of beverage functionality using walnut are presented. The main components such as celery, Jerusalem artichokes, carrots, pumpkin and rhubarb, as a dietary supplement - extracts from walnut of milk-maturity stage are offered for creating blends. The basic physical and chemical properties of fruit and vegetable raw materials and semi-finished products created on the base of them have been studied, and their nutritional and biological value has been proved. Rational technologies of fruit and vegetable blends with nut additives have been identified. Their biological value has been confirmed. Drinks are recommended for use in the daily diet of human beings to satisfy thirst and enrich the body by biologically valuable components.

scholarly journals Evaluating the materials used for hydrogen production based on photoelectrochemical technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammdreza Nazemzadegan ◽  
Roghayeh Ghasempour
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Selection Approach ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Pec Water Splitting

Hydrogen as a CO2-free fuel has been considered as a serious alternative for problematic fossil fuels in recent decades Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a developing solar-based technology for hydrogen production. In this study, some possible options for upgrading this technology from R&D stage to prototype stage through a material selection approach is investigated. For these purpose, TOPSIS algorithm through a multi criteria decision making (MCDM) approach was utilized for evaluating different (PEC)-based hydrogen production materials. TiO2, WO3 and BiVO4 as three semiconductors known for their PEC application, were selected as alternatives in this decision-making study. After defining a set of criteria, which were assessed based on similar studies and experts' visions, a group of ten PEC-experts including university professors and PhD students were asked to fill the questionnaires. The eight criteria considered in this study are include "Study Cost", "Synthesis Simplicity", "Facility & Availability", "Deposition capability on TCO", "Modifiability", "Commercialization in H2 production", "Physical and Chemical Durability" and "Eco-friendly Fabrication". The final TOPSIS results indicates that TiO2 is selected as the best semiconductor for further investments in order to upgrade the PEC-based hydrogen production technology from R&D level to prototype stage. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

Biocompatibility in regenerative nanomedicine

Nanomedicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 2763-2775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Zor ◽  
Fatma Nurefsan Selek ◽  
Giuseppe Orlando ◽  
David F Williams
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Common Word ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Biomaterial Science ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Biocompatibility is a very common word that is used within biomaterial science and used for description of the interactions between the foreign material and the body. However, the meaning of biocompatibility as well as the mechanisms that collectively constitutes is still unclear. With the advance of nanotechnology, new concerns have been observed related to biocompatibility of these biomaterials. Due to their small size and variability of their physical and chemical properties, nanoparticles’ (NP) distribution within the body and interactions with the target cells and tissues are highly variable. Here, we tried to provide an overview about NPs, the concept of biocompatibility and biocompatibility-related issues in nanomedicine and several different NPs.

scholarly journals Nanoparticle interaction with the immune system / Interakcije nanodelcev z imunskim sistemom

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veno Kononenko ◽  
Mojca Narat ◽  
Damjana Drobne
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Nanoparticle Interactions ◽  
Biological Environment ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract When nanoparticles enter the body, their interactions with cells are almost unavoidable. Unintended nanoparticle interaction with immune cells may elicit a molecular response that can have toxic effects and lead to greater susceptibility to infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer development. As evidenced by several studies, nanoparticle interactions with biological systems can stimulate inflammatory or allergic reactions and activate the complement system. Nanoparticles can also stimulate immune response by acting as adjuvants or as haptens. Immunosuppressive effects have also been reported. This article gives a brief review of in vitro and in vivo research evidencing stimulatory or suppressive effects of nanoparticles on the immune system of mammals. In order to ensure safe use of nanosized particles, future research should focus on how their physical and chemical properties influence their behaviour in the biological environment, as they not only greatly affect nanoparticle-immune system interactions but can also interfere with experimental assays

scholarly journals Criteria of medical response to radiological emergencies in the Republic of Belarus

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
C. N. Buzdalkin ◽  
N. G. Vlasova ◽  
A. V. Rozhko ◽  
V. N. Bortnovsky
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emergency Plans ◽  
Specialized Treatment ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology in the Internal and External Emergency Plans of the Belarusian nuclear power plant is specified as an institution that provides specialized treatment for personnel, as well as persons from the population living in the emergency zone of the station. The plant is the first facility in the Republic that used nuclear energy. There is no experience in treating radiation injuries in Belarus. This is the first time that the National Health Service has been assigned the task of ensuring readiness for the reception and specialized treatment of people who have been exposed to emergency or unplanned radiation. The purpose of the work is to establish criteria for radiation exposure for use in a Belarusian specialized medical institution in case of medical response to radiological accidents. As a result of the analysis of publications of international organizations, the criteria of radiation exposure that can be applied in the conditions of Belarusian specialized medical institutions were selected. Assessment of the criteria was made taking into account existing national technical regulations and the available capabilities of emergency response participants. To account for the quality of radiation in relation to deterministic effects “Gy-equivalent” is used. The criteria include both dosimetric values for cases of external and internal accidental and unplanned exposure, and levels of radioactive substances with unknown physical and chemical properties entering the body that require urgent medical intervention. Criteria for cases of surface contamination of skin and wounds require separate consideration.

scholarly journals Lead: A concise review of its toxicity, mechanism and health effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 055-062
Author(s):  
Aliyu Haruna Sani ◽  
Musa Amanabo
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Environmental Disease ◽  
Route Of Exposure ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Heavy metal toxicity over the years has been proven to be a source of diverse health risks. Thou these metals, play certain biological roles, they are in excess amount get accumulated in the body and food chain displaying a chronic effect in the long run. Lead toxicity is an important environmental disease and its effects on the human body are devastating with its toxicity dependent upon the absorbed dose, the route of exposure as well as the duration of exposure. There is almost no function in the human body which is not affected by lead toxicity. Lead is highly persistent in the environment and because of its continuous use, its levels rise in almost every country particularly in developing countries like Nigeria where it occupies unique physical and chemical properties that make it suitable for a large number of applications. Various public health measures have been undertaken to control, prevent and treat lead toxicity occurring at various levels, such as occupational exposure, accidents and environmental factors. This article reviews the works listed in scientific literatures with recent updates regarding the toxicity of lead. Focus is also on the biomarkers of lead toxicity on the renal, hematological and oxidative stress conditions.

Feasibility of immobilizing fluorinated pyrochemical reprocessing salts in a glass-ceramic matrix

2004 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Grandjean
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Molten Fluoride ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACTSpent fuel reprocessing by an innovative reductive extraction process in a molten fluoride medium (LiF/AlF3) is now being evaluated; in this hypothesis, all the unrecoverable fission products would be conditioned as fluorides. A preliminary study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of incorporating these fluorides by melting in a glass-ceramic matrix. The containment matrix for the fluorinated waste stream was selected after examining the consequences of fluorinated compounds on the vitreous state and on the physical and chemical properties of the melt and the solidified glass. The presence of fluorinated compounds in the raw materials used to produce the vitreous material raises the problem of the volatility of some fluorides, of their solubility in the melt, and of possible crystallization of the material.

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