scholarly journals Response of Three Greek Populations of Aegilops triuncialis (Crop Wild Relative) to Serpentine Soil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Maria Karatassiou ◽  
Anastasia Giannakoula ◽  
Dimitrios Tsitos ◽  
Stefanos Stefanou
Keyword(s):  
Common Garden ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Serpentine Soil ◽  
Aegilops Triuncialis ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Soil Stress ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Nickel Accumulation

A common garden experiment was established to investigate the effects of serpentine soil on the photosynthetic and biochemical traits of plants from three Greek populations of Aegilops triuncialis. We measured photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, proline content, and nutrient uptake of the above plants growing in serpentine and non-serpentine soil. The photochemical activity of PSII was inhibited in plants growing in the serpentine soil regardless of the population; however, this inhibition was lower in the Aetolia-Acarnania population. The uptake and the allocation of Ni, as well as that of some other essential nutrient elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn), to upper parts were decreased with the lower decrease recorded in the Aetolia-Acarnania population. Our results showed that excess Ni significantly increased the synthesis of proline, an antioxidant compound that plays an important role in the protection against oxidative stress. We conclude that the reduction in the photosynthetic performance is most probably due to reduced nutrient supply to the upper plant parts. Moreover, nickel accumulation in the roots recorded in plants from all three populations seems to be a mechanism to alleviate the detrimental effects of the serpentine soil stress. In addition, our data suggest that the population from Aetolia-Acarnania could be categorized among the nickel excluders.

Selection of tree species for forests under climate change: is PSI functioning a better predictor for net photosynthesis and growth than PSII?

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1561-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Pollastrini ◽  
Elisabetta Salvatori ◽  
Lina Fusaro ◽  
Fausto Manes ◽  
Riccardo Marzuoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Seasonal Temperature

Abstract A chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) assessment was carried out on oak seedlings (Quercus ilex L., Quercus pubescens Willd., Quercus frainetto Ten.) of Italian and Greek provenance, during the years 2017 and 2018, in a common garden in central Italy planted in 2017. This trial aimed to test the relative performances of the oak species in the perspective of assisted migration as part of the actions for the adaptation of forests to climate change. The assessment of the photosynthetic performance of the tree species included the analysis of the prompt chlorophyll fluorescence (PF) transient and the modulated reflection (MR) at 820 nm, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf gas exchange (net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance), plant growth (i.e., height) and mortality rate after 2 years from the beginning of the experiment. The assessment of the performance of the three oak species was carried out ‘in vivo’. Plants were generated from seeds and exposed to several environmental factors, including changing seasonal temperature, water availability, and soil biological and physical functionality. The results of PF indicate a stable functionality of the photosynthetic system PSII (expressed as FV/FM) across species and provenances and a decline in photochemistry functionality at the I–P phase (ΔVIP) in Q. frainetto, thus indicating a decline of the content of PSI in this species. This result was confirmed by the findings of MR analysis, with the speed of reduction and subsequent oxidation of PSI (VRED and VOX) strongly correlated to the amplitude of ΔVIP. The photosynthetic rates (net photosynthesis, PN) and growth were correlated with the parameters associated with PSI content and function, rather than those related to PSII. The low performance of Q. frainetto in the common garden seems to be related to early foliar senescence with the depletion of nitrogen, due to suboptimal climatic and edaphic conditions. Chlorophyll fluorescence allowed discrimination of populations of oak species and individuation of the less (or/and best) suitable species for future forest ecology and management purposes.

Variability in physiological responses of Venezuelan cacao to drought

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilmer Tezara ◽  
Gabriela Pereyra ◽  
Eleinis Ávila-Lovera ◽  
Ana Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Isotopic Ratio ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
N Content ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

AbstractIn order to assess the response of cocoa trees to drought, changes in water status, gas exchange, leaf carbon isotopic ratio (δ13C), photochemical activity, and leaf N and chlorophyll content during the rainy and dry season were measured in 31 Venezuelan cocoa clones (17 Trinitarios, 6 Criollos, and 8 Modern Criollos) grown in a common garden. Drought caused a 40% decrease in water potential (ψ) in all but the Modern Criollos, and a reduction in net photosynthetic rate (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) without an increase in instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) in 93% of clones, and an increase in δ13C (long-term WUE) in 74% of clones; these responses suggest differences in tolerance to drought among clones. A positive correlation between A and both gs and leaf N content was found for all genotypes. Leaf N content, chlorophyll content, and photochemical activity were reduced during drought, suggesting that metabolism was also inhibited. The best performance during drought was shown by Modern Criollos with the highest WUE, while five Trinitario clones seemed to be less sensitive to drought, since neither chlorophyll, N, total soluble protein concentration, nor gs changed with drought, indicating that those Trinitario clones, with lower A, have a conservative water use. Modern Criollos showed no reductions in either ψ or gs; A remained unchanged, as did WUE, which was the highest, suggesting that these clones would be more successful in environments with low water availability. Our results indicate large variation in physiological response to drought over a range of parameters, suggesting possible differences in tolerance among clones.

scholarly journals Salinity-Induced Changes of Photosynthetic Performance, Lawsone, VOCs, and Antioxidant Metabolism in Lawsonia inermis L.

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
Basma Najar ◽  
Laura Pistelli ◽  
Ilaria Marchioni ◽  
Luisa Pistelli ◽  
Beatrice Muscatello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Induced Changes

The present study aimed to elucidate the salinity influence on the bioactive metabolites of Lawsonia inermis L. (henna) plants. Young henna plants were cultivated under salinity stress with two NaCl concentrations (75 mM and 150 mM) in controlled environmental conditions and the leaves were investigated to check their adaptative responses. The modulation of photosynthetic performance to salinity stress was demonstrated by gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The partial stomatal closure triggered an enhanced water-use efficiency, and a proline accumulation was observed, leading to an osmotic adjustment. The increased capacity to dissipate the excess excitation energy at photosystem II as heat was associated with changes in chlorophylls, anthocyanins, and carotenoids. The higher antioxidant activity at 150 mM salt level suggested its scavenger role on reactive oxygen species (ROS) dissipation and photoprotection. The reduced CO2 uptake and the higher metabolic costs necessary to sustain the henna tolerance mechanism against high NaCl concentration negatively affected lawsone production. Leaf volatile organic compounds (VOCs) showed changes in the amount and composition of VOCs with increasing salinity level. Overall, this study revealed efficient physiological and biochemical adaptations of henna leaves to salt stress despite an altered production of important economic metabolites such as lawsone.

Effect of sodium on the growth of and ion uptake by barley, sugar beet and broad beans

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hamid ◽  
O. Talibudeen
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ion Uptake ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Broad Beans ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Na Uptake ◽  
Synergism And Antagonism

SUMMARYThe effect of soil salinity (ECe range 2–9 mmhos/cm) on the growth of and ion uptake by barley, sugar beet and broad beans (crops increasingly sensitive to salinity) was investigated in a glasshouse experiment.Barley and sugar-beet yields benefited from the added Na in the soil but broad beans were always adversely affected. Changes in growth and ion uptake are discussed in terms of Na:K synergism and antagonism.Sodium:potassium antagonism was observed in barley just after germination, and in sugar beet throughout growth, but not in barley at other growth stages nor in broad beans. Greater Na uptake promoted increases in dry-matter yields of all plant parts with barley and sugar beet, indicating that Na played a specific role in their metabolism. In sugar-beet roots, sugar concentrations and dry-matter yields increased with added Na by half as much more than without added Na, suggesting that Na is an essential nutrient.We conclude from our experiments that the effects of salinity caused by Na salts when water is not limiting, is related not only to plant species but also to their stages of growth.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation and changes in the photosynthetic apparatus of Prosopis juliflora exposed to copper

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Yared Michel-Lopez ◽  
Francisco Espadas-Gil ◽  
Gabriela Fuentes-Ortiz ◽  
Jorge M. Santamaria ◽  
Daniel González-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters

The effect of copper toxicity on the photosynthetic activities and bioaccumulation in different tissues of <em>Prosopis juliflora</em> was investigated using three CuSO<sub>4</sub> concentrations (10, 50 and 100 mM) added under hydroponic conditions. Copper concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured after 48 h of copper stress. The results obtained in this study show that increasing levels of 50 and 100 mM Cu<sup>2+ </sup>resulted in a significant accumulation of this metal mainly in roots compared with control roots. On the other hand, our result showed a significant reduction of maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F<em>v</em>/F<em>m</em>) and the activity of photosystem II (F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>0</sub>) ratios in <em>P.</em><em> </em>juliflora leaf treated with<em> </em>100 mM Cu<sup>2+</sup> with respect to control after 4h of exposure. These changes suggested that the photosynthetic apparatus of P. juliflora was the primary target of the Cu<sup>2+ </sup>action. Therefore the information provided by this short-term (48 h) experiment in <em>P. juliflora</em> showed that several physiological processes are activated, in which the copper uptake by roots and their accumulation in tissues play a central role. In conclusion, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters can be used as a useful physiological tool to assess early changes in photosynthetic performance of <em>P.</em> juliflora in response to copper pollution in short-term. Finally, the present study showed that <em>P. juliflora </em>is a promising prospect for heavy metals phytoremediation purposes occurring in arid and semi-arid climates in the northwest Mexico.

Screening of growth phases of Antarctic algae and cyanobacteria cultivated on agar plates by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-181
Author(s):  
Kristýna Dufková ◽  
Miloš Barták ◽  
Jana Morkusová ◽  
Josef Elster ◽  
Josef Hájek
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Nostoc Commune ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Cultivation Time ◽  
Antarctic Algae

Recently, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging is frequently used non-invasive method to monitor the metabolic state and photosynthetic activities of vascular plants and other autotrophic organisms. In our study, we used the measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics to follow the development of culture of Antarctic algae (Macrochloris rubrioleum, Zygnema sp.) and cyanobacteria (Hassalia antarctica, Nostoc commune). On the cultures grown on agar plates, Bold´s Basal Medium (BBM), slow Kautsky kinetics supplemented with saturation pulses were measured repeatedly in a week interval. On the kinetics, typical points (OPSMT) were distinguished and species-specific and time of cultivation-dependent differences in shape of the OPSMT kinetics evaluated. We tested sensitivity of various chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to cultivation time on agar plates. In the algae, the most pronounced changes were the decrease in maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (FV/FM) and quenching of basal chlorophyll fluorescence qF0 (M. rubrioleum, Zygnema sp.). In cyanobacteria, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters did not show clear trends with the time of cultivation. F0 quenching (qF0) reached positive values in H. antarctica, while it was negative in N. commune. In both cases, however, qF0 showed an increase with cultivation time. The differences are discussed as well as the potential of the emerging area of the application of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging for evaluation of photosynthetic performance of algal/cyanobacterial cultures on agar plates.

Patterns of dry-matter distribution in transplanted populations of Trifolium repens and its bearing on ecological interpretations

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2014-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Turkington ◽  
Jack Maze
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Plastic Response ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Plant Variation ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

An experiment was carried out to examine the degree of plasticity of various plant parts in Trifolium repens L. when transplanted from 12 widely different sites to a common garden. Plasticity was structure specific. Inflorescence production displayed the most plastic response after transplanting; leaf and root production were less plastic. Stolon production did not show a plastic response to transplanting but did show significant between-plant variation. These responses may be explained by past selection pressures, acting to maintain the structure which is most important for survival under conditions which have deleterious effects on plant growth. An alternate interpretation suggests that the range of responses may also be explained by different developmental patterns.

Distribution and Ecotypic Variation of the Invasive Annual Barb Goatgrass (Aegilops triuncialis) on Serpentine Soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly G. Lyons ◽  
A. M. Shapiro ◽  
Mark W. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Serpentine Soil ◽  
Serpentine Soils ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Aegilops Triuncialis ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Sierra Nevada Mountains

AbstractSuccessful colonization of newly introduced species is driven by a multitude of factors and is highly dependent on the species. It has long been hypothesized that preadaptation and postestablishment natural selection of introduced species can facilitate their invasion; however, to date, limited research has been dedicated to these theories. In addition, although the correlation between establishment of invasive species and disturbance has been noted and widely studied, the susceptibility of undisturbed habitats to invasion remains unclear. In California, serpentine habitats are severe edaphic environments that have been relatively free of anthropogenic disturbance and nonindigenous species invasions. In this study, we documented the occurrence of the nonindigenous barb goatgrass on serpentine and nonserpentine grasslands in the California Northern Interior Coast Range and the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and conducted greenhouse and field experiments to assess the species' degree of adaptation to serpentine soils. Reconnaissance of serpentine intrusions and yearly monitoring suggest that barb goatgrass may grow preferentially on serpentine soil, particularly disturbed serpentine sites. In the greenhouse, for most measures of performance, serpentine populations performed better than nonserpentine populations when grown on serpentine soil. Particularly noteworthy was that serpentine populations had higher root-mass ratios than nonserpentine populations when grown on serpentine soil. In contrast to the greenhouse study, field-grown populations from serpentine and nonserpentine sources performed equally well on nonserpentine; alluvial, disturbed serpentine; and shallow, undisturbed serpentine, although the overall species' performance was diminished on severe serpentine soils. Alarmingly, even in the absence of previous exposure to serpentine, barb goatgrass was capable of establishing and spreading into minimally disturbed sites with strong serpentinitic characteristics.

Photosynthetic Performance of Invasive Vincetoxicum Species (Apocynaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine M. Averill ◽  
Antonio DiTommaso ◽  
Thomas H. Whitlow ◽  
Lindsey R. Milbrath
Keyword(s):  
Common Garden ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
High Light ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Specific Leaf Mass ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Wide Range

Knowledge of photosynthetic capacity is crucial for fully understanding a species’ invasive potential and for the development of appropriate control strategies. Although growth and reproductive data are available for the invasive swallowwort vines Vincetoxicum nigrum and V. rossicum, photosynthetic data are wanting. These herbaceous, perennial congeners were introduced from separate European ranges during the late 19th century and became invasive during the following century in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. Vincetoxicum nigrum has been observed growing mainly in high light environments, whereas V. rossicum occurs across a wide range of light environments, suggesting niche divergence and that different management strategies might be needed for the two species. In this work, we investigated whether the differing habitat associations of these species is reflected in their photosynthetic capacities and leaf morphology. Photosynthetic parameters and specific leaf mass were determined across a range of light environments represented by four field habitats (common garden, forest edge, old field, and forest understory) and two greenhouse environments (high and low light). In the high-light common garden habitat, V. nigrum achieved 37% higher maximum photosynthetic rates than V. rossicum, but photosynthetic performance of the two species was the same in the forest edge habitat. Additionally, species’ performance was virtually identical in high light, low light, and transitions between high and low light regimes in the greenhouse. Specific leaf mass of V. nigrum was 17% higher in the common garden and 19% higher in the greenhouse compared with V. rossicum. Both invasive Vincetoxicum spp. appear capable of growing within a broad range of light environments and their management should be similar regardless of light environment. Other explanations are required to explain the scarcity of V. nigrum in low light natural areas.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the effect of salt stress, Alternaria alternata attack or combined stress on the Cakile maritima growth and physiological performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 12446
Author(s):  
Arbia CHALBI ◽  
Besma SGHAIER-HAMMAMI ◽  
Narjes BAAZAOUI ◽  
Sofiene B.M. HAMMAMI ◽  
Hatem BEN-JOUIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Physiological Performance ◽  
Fungal Attack ◽  
Cakile Maritima

Cakile maritima is a halophytic plant model that is well known by its ability to tolerate high salt concentrations. Salinity was reported to improve the tolerance of halophytes to several abiotic stresses; however, the involvement of salt in the tolerance to biotic stress is still scant. In the present work, the effect of salt on C. maritima responses towards the pathogenic Alternaria alternata was investigated. For that, C. maritima seeds were germinated for four weeks. Plants were then divided into four groups: i) Plants irrigated with salt (200mM NaCl); ii) Plants infested by fungus; iii) Plants irrigated with salt and infested by fungus and finally control plants (0mM NaCl, without inoculation). Our results showed that upon salt stress or fungal attack, plants reduced biomass production, hydration status and photosynthetic performance which were associated with a decrease in the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, with a more pronounced effect upon fungal attack. However, under combined stress, a significant increase of these parameters was noticed, with a level close to that of control. Concerning nutrient contents, K, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mg decreased in the C. maritima leaves exposed to both stresses applied individually. In contrast, all these nutrients were increased in plants grown under combined stress. Taken together, we can conclude that plants grown under combined stresses had better growth rate and physiological performance compared to all other treated plants, and that salt may be the key in improving the C. maritima ability to tolerate fungal attack.

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