Response of growth and nitrogen fixation to pod elimination of three annual Medicago species submitted to drought and subsequent recovery

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Sadeghi ◽  
Farzaneh Fakhari
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Subsequent Recovery ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Medicago Species

This research examined the effect of pod elimination on growth and N2 fixation ability in three annual Medicago species during drought stress and subsequent recovery. This study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments included annual Medicago species, presence or removal of the pod, and water stress at four levels: 100% (as a control), 80%, 60%, and 40% field capacity (FC) during the period of stress. The results showed that annual Medicago species can be considered as semi-drought tolerant species and their recovery ability from mild and moderate drought stress is relatively good. M. polymorpha performed better and showed higher recovery ability in comparison with other tested species. The results of this study showed that elimination of pods from annual Medicago species before sowing enhanced seedling performance under drought stress. However, the effect of pod elimination showed higher significance on growth parameters than nitrogen fixation. The information from this research would be useful for better understanding the physiological basis of changes in drought resistance, as well as targeted breeding programs, to improve the performance of annual Medicago species under conditions of limited or scarce water supply.

scholarly journals Respon pertumbuhan vegetatif padi varietas IPB 4S pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan

Agromix ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-226
Author(s):  
Nasrudin Nasrudin ◽  
Efrin Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design

Drought stress affected growth and decreases rice yield. The use of high yielding varieties and drought tolerance is a strategic step that can be applied during drought stress. The aim of this research was to examine the response of the growth of IPB 4S rice varieties on planting media with drought stress during vegetative phase. The research used a nonfactorial Completely Randomized Design with six levels: field capacity, 10% of field capacity, 20% of field capacity, 30% of field capacity, 40% of field capacity, and 50% of field capacity. The treatments were repeated three times. The growth parameters were plant high, number of tiller, leaf color, leaf area, root length, root dry weight, canopy dry weight, and biomass. The results showed that the drought stress significantly different to leaf area, root length, canopy dry weight, and biomass but were not significantly different to plant height, number of tiller, leaf color, dan root dry weight. Increased of drought stress 30 to 50% of field capacity decreased of leaf area, canopy dry weight, and biomass, but increased root length.

PROPERTIES IMPROVEMENT AND HYDROPHOBICITY PREVENTION OF PEAT SOIL IN OIL PALM PLANTATION THROUGH STEEL SLAG APPLICATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Winarna Winarna ◽  
Iput Pradiko ◽  
Muhdan Syarovy ◽  
Fandi Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels

Development of oil palm plantation on peatland was faced with hydrophobicity problem caused by over drained. Hydrophobicity could reduce water retention and nutrient availability in the peat soil. Beside of proper water management application, addition of soil ameliorant which contain iron could increase stability and improve peat soil fertility. The study was conducted to obtain the effect of steel slag on peat soil properties and hydrophobicity. In this study, peat soil was incorporated with steel slag and incubated in 60 days period. The research was employed completely randomized design (CRD) factorial 2 x 2 x 4. First factor is peat maturity consists of two levels: sapric (S) and hemic (H), while the second factor is soil moisture which also consist of two levels: field capacity (W1) and dry (under the critical water content) (W2). The third factor is steel slag dosage which consist of four levels: 0 g pot (TB0), 7.17 g pot (TB1), 14.81 g -1 -1 pot (TB2), and 22.44 g pot (TB3). The result showed that application of steel slag significantly increase of soil pH, ash content, and water retention at pF 4.2. Furthermore, application of steel slag significantly reduce time for water reabsorption (wettability) in sapric. On the other hand, there are negative corellation between water penetration and soil pH, ash content, and water retention at pF 4.2. Overall, application of steel slag could increase wettability and prevent peat soil hydrophobicity.

Impact of Exogenous Applications of Salicylic Acid on the Tolerance to Drought Stress in Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
zahra khazaei ◽  
Asghar Estaji
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Relative Water

Abstract Background: Drought is also one of the most widespread abiotic stresses that adversely effects the growth and development of plants. To investigate the effect of salicylic acid and drought stress on several physiological and chemical reactions in sweet pepper plants, the experiment was achieved as a factorial based on a completely randomized design in greenhouse. Drought stress levels were non-stress conditions (irrigation with field capacity), moderate stress (30% field capacity irrigation) and intense water stress (60% field capacity irrigation) and three concentrations of salicylic acid included 0 (as control), 0.5 and 1 mM were sprayed on the plant in three to four leaf stages. Results: The results showed that drought decreased fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, leaf relative water content (RWC), fruit diameter and length, the index including chlorophyll and leaf area and increased electrical conductivity (EC), antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, ascorbate, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. After application of foliar salicylic acid, all of the above parameters, except the electrical conductivity content, increased. Conclusions: From the results of this experiment it is concluded that salicylic acid provides a better tolerance for drought stress in pepper plant through its influence on vegetative, biochemical and physiological characteristics.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and carbohydrate changes of two pomegranate cultivars under deficit irrigation stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Ebtedaie ◽  
Akhtar Shekafandeh
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Four Levels

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biochemical responses to water stress tolerance of two pomegranate cultivars, ‘Rabbab’ and ‘Shishehgap’. After the establishment of rooted stem cuttings of both cultivars under greenhouse conditions, they were treated with four levels of deficit irrigations (100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of field capacity) in a completely randomized design with four replications. The results showed a significant difference between the two cultivars regarding antioxidant enzymes activities. In both cultivars, the water stress increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. However, at high water deficit (25% field capacity, FC), ‘Rabbab’ showed significantly higher enzyme activity than ‘Shishehgap’. In each level of irrigation, there were not considerable differences in peroxidase activity between the two cultivars. An increment of 162% and 65.5% in soluble sugar was gained at 50% FC in ‘Rabbab’ and ‘Shishehgap’, respectively. ‘Rabbab’ showed better growth performance in each level of irrigation than ‘Shishehgap’. Therefore, it can be concluded that 'Rabbab', with lesser decline in leaf relative water content (RWC), a strong antioxidant system and accumulation of more soluble carbohydrates, can resist higher water stress than 'Shishehgap'.

scholarly journals Germination and seedling growth of indigenous aman rice under salt stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-187
Author(s):  
D Das ◽  
MA Ali ◽  
TA Sarkar ◽  
MY Ali
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Four Levels

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Laboratory of Agrotechnology Discipline, KhulnaUniversity, Khulnato determine the effect of salt stress on germination and seedling growth of indigenous Aman rice varieties during June, 2015 to December, 2015.  The salt tolerant landraces will be used as genetic resource for variety development program in future. The factorial experiment consists of two factors such as ten indigenous Aman rice varieties and four levels of salt solutions viz EC (dS m−1) of 5, 10 and 15 with control (distilled water). The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The interaction effects between variety and salinity on germination and seedling growth parameters of indigenous Aman rice varieties were varied significantly. It was found that germination capacity, energy, speed, seedling vigor index, root length and shoot length of rice were decreased gradually with increasing salinity. The germination energy and germination speed of most varieties were drastically reduced at 10 dS m−1 or higher salinity levels. The germination capacity of Hatibazor, Boushohagi, Shadagotal and Moinamoti were recorded 97.66 %, 99.33%, 98.0 % and 97.33%, respectively at 15 dS m−1 water salinity in laboratory condition. The results revealed that the indigenous Aman rice varieties named Boushohagi, Shadagotal, Hatibazor, Moinamoti, Motha were performed better over other varieties considering of germination and seedling growth parameters.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 182-187, December 2017

Growth Indices of Kimiya Cultivar of Lentil in Response to Drought Stress at Flowering and Pod Filling Stages under Greenhouse Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Jahantigh ◽  
Seyed Reza Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Net Assimilation

Drought stress is one of the most important environmental factors which can limit the lentil production. To evaluate the effect of drought stress at flowering and pod filling stages on growth indices of lentil cultivar Kimiya (a new high yielding lentil cultivar for moderate cold and semi warm climate of Iran), an experiment was conducted at the research greenhouse of Higher Educational Complex of Saravan in completely randomized design with four replications. The drought stress was applied by withholding irrigation until the soil moisture reached to 20% of field capacity at stages of flowering and pod filling. In this experiment, we measured grain yield per plant, growth indices including plant leaf area (PLA), relative growth rate (RGR), plant growth rate (PGR), and net assimilation rate (NAR). Results showed that the flowering stage in lentil plant is more sensitive to drought as exhibited significant decline in PLA, RGR, PGR and NAR. PGR declined at the end of growing season when vegetative growth stop, senescence of leaves, the reduction of NAR, and the allocation of assimilate to the seeds.

scholarly journals Morpho-physiological Changes in Chilli under Drought and Heat Stress

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
V. Rajeswari ◽  
D. Vijayalakshmi ◽  
S. Srinivasan ◽  
R. Swarnapriya ◽  
S. Varanavasiappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Drought And Heat Stress ◽  
Near Future

Drought spells and heat stress have become quite common and agricultural production would experience a lag in near future. The combined effect of heat and drought stress is expected to cause negative impact on crop growth. Hence, an experiment was framed to assess the morphological and photosynthetic characters of chilli under combined drought and heat stress. Three different genotypes of chilli viz., K1, TNAU chilli hybrid CO 1, Ramanathapuram gundu were subjected to seven drought and temperature treatments. The experiment was designed in factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) at temperature controlled Open Top Chambers (OTC) and drought stress was gravimetically assesed. The results showed that, morphology and photosynthetic characters were affected irrespective of genotypes. The maximum reduction in plant height and leaf area was observed when plants were grown under 40% pot capacity and temperature of + 5°C from the ambient condition. The study also revealed that, the reduction of gas exchange parameters at 40% PC and A + 5°C with yield reduction of almost 76 per cent irrespective of genotypes. Stress treatments reduced the fruit length, fruit diameter compared to control in all genotypes. Stress Tolerence Index was calculated to study the physiological basis under combined drought and heat stress. The optimum level of stress by STI of 0.501 in 60% PC and A+ 3°C was standardized to study the basic physiological functions of chilli.

scholarly journals Production of Brachiaria decumbens Grass at Various Levels of Drought Stress Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A F A Putra ◽  
N D Hanafi ◽  
Hamdan ◽  
M Tafsin ◽  
R E Mirwandhono
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study aims to determine effects of production of Brachiaria decumbens grass on different drought stress treatments. Research was conducted at the Greenhouse Faculty of Agriculture University of North Sumatera from Desember 2016 until April 2017. The design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with three treatments and seven replications. The treatment consisted of three levels of drought stress which were control (100% field capacity=fc), medium drought stress (25% fc), and heavy drought stress (50% fc). The variable were fresh weight production, dry weight production and plant height. The results showed that drought stress treatment control (100% fc) significantly (P<0,05) affect fresh weight production, dry weight production, but not plant height. It is concluded that increasing water volume of field capacity increase production Brachiaria decumbens grass.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOIL OXIDO-REDUCTION STATUS ON AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF RICE ON TWO TEXTURALLY DIFFERENT SOILS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Dayo-Olagbende, G.O. ◽  
Ogunleye B.A ◽  
Unabor E.
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rule Number ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Set Up ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Different Soils

The production of rice has its own requirements like other crops, among these requirements include the various soil reactions like acid-base reaction and redox reaction. The experient was set up to determine the effect of different oxido-reduction status of soil on rice performance. The trial was a 3x2x2 factorial experiment laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. The variables included 3 levels of organic matter from poultry source (0t/ha, 6t/ha and 8t/ha), two levels of NPK 15-15-15 fertilizers (0kg/ha and 200kg/ha) and two watering regimes (Field capacity and waterlogged) this gave rise to twelve treatments and four redox status (oxidized, moderately reduced, reduced and highly reduced). Redox potential was measured using a redox potential meter, growth parameters of rice collected included plant height measured with tape rule, number of leaves and number of tillers which were counted. Yield parameters collected includes 1000 grain weight and grain yield measured with a electrical weighing balance. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS version 17 and means were separated using Tukey HSD. Results from the result indicated that rice performance was best under highly reduce and moderately reduced soils.

Tolerance of aluminium toxicity in annual Medicago species and lucerne

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Scott ◽  
M. A. Ewing ◽  
R. Williams ◽  
A. W. Humphries ◽  
N. E. Coombes
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Root Regrowth ◽  
Selection Intensities ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Medicago Species ◽  
Relative Root

A rapid (7 day) solution-based screening test was developed using 15 annual Medicago cultivars and one M. sativa. Based on a relative root regrowth after exposures to aluminium (Al), Zodiac (M. murex), Orion (M. sphaerocarpos) and the M. polymorha cultivars Santiago, Cavalier and Serena had the greatest Al tolerance. Herald (M. littoralis) and Rivoli (M. tornata) were most sensitive. Ranking for Al tolerance from the solution culture correlated well (r = 0.80) with ranking for tolerance of the 16 genotypes grown in an acidic soil (unlimed pHCa 4.1). We screened 17 Australian populations of lucerne (M. sativa) using a 24 h ‘pulse’ of 75 µmol/L Al, and a three day ‘recovery’ of 10 µmol/L Al. We identified and recovered plants with a root regrowth of ≥5 mm in all 17 populations with selection intensities of 2 to 4%. Four of these selected populations (Aurora, UQL-1, A513 and TO2-011) were polycrossed within each population to produce four populations of seed from the cycle 1 selections. The length of root regrowth under Al stress was improved for all four populations of cycle 1 selection (P ≤ 0.001; from 2.6 mm for the original populations to 6.3 mm for the cycle 1 selections). In a subsequent experiment the cycle 2 selections from Aurora, UQL-1 and TO2-011 had significantly greater root regrowth than both the cycle 1 selections (P ≤ 0.001; 8.3 cf. 6.6 mm) and the unselected populations (3.0 mm). The selections from TO2-011 appeared to have greater improvement in the average length of root regrowth after 2 cycles of selection. Selected germplasm was more tolerant than GAAT in our evaluation. Based on estimation of realised heritability, it seemed likely that higher selection intensities would give more rapid improvements in tolerance. Our studies have not investigated the physiological basis of any tolerance of Al which we observed.

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