scholarly journals Changes in Antioxidative Compounds and Enzymes in Small-Leaved Linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) in Response to Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) Infestation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1871
Author(s):  
Liubov Skrypnik ◽  
Pavel Maslennikov ◽  
Pavel Feduraev ◽  
Artem Pungin ◽  
Nikolay Belov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Tilia Cordata

Mistletoe infestation leads to a decrease in the growth of woody plants, their longevity, and partial or complete drying of the top, as well as premature death. Various environmental stress factors, both abiotic and biotic, stimulate the formation of reactive oxygen species and the development of oxidative stress in plant tissues. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mistletoe (Viscum album L.) infestation on the response of the antioxidative defense system in leaves of small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.). Leaves from infested trees were taken from branches (i) without mistletoe, (ii) with 1–2 mistletoe bushes (low degree of infestation), and (iii) with 5–7 mistletoe bushes (high degree of infestation). The relative water content and the chlorophyll a and b contents in leaves from linden branches affected by mistletoe were significantly lower than those in leaves from non-infested trees and from host-tree branches with no mistletoe. At the same time, leaves from branches with low and high degrees of infestation had significantly higher electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content, oxidized forms of ascorbic acid (dehydroascorbic and 2,3-diketogulonic acids), and oxidized glutathione. The results of principal component analysis show that the development of oxidative stress was accompanied by an increase in proline content and in superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity. Several biochemical parameters (proline, ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and dehydroascorbate reductase) were found to be altered in leaves from host-tree branches with no mistletoe. This result indicates that the mistletoe infestation of trees not only causes local changes in the locations of hemiparasite attachment, but also affects the redox metabolism in leaves from other parts of the infested tree.

scholarly journals Preclinical Study on the Ameliorating Effect of L-Ascorbic Acid for the Oxidative Stress of Caused by Chronic Administration of Organic Nitrates in Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M Hamdan ◽  
Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh ◽  
Aalaa Aboelnour ◽  
Sherif M.H. Elkhannishi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Organic Nitrates ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract PurposeThe therapeutic activity of Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) is mainly regulated by liberating nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). During this biotransformation, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation inside the red blood cells (RBCs) occur. The principal objective of our research is to explain the ameliorating effect of L-ascorbic acid for the deleterious effects of chronic administration of nitrovasodilator drugs. MethodsWe studied some biochemical parameters for the oxidative stress using groups of high sucrose/fat (HSF) diet Wistar male rats chronically orally administered ISMN. Afterwards, we evaluated the role of L-ascorbic acid against these biochemical changes. ResultsChronic treatment with organic nitrates caused elevated serum levels of lipid peroxidation, hemoglobin derivatives as methemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin, rate of hemoglobin autoxidation, the cellular levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines marker (NF-κB) and apoptosis markers (caspase-3) in myocardium muscles in a dose dependent manner. Meanwhile, such exposure caused decline in the enzymatic effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and catalase activity (CAT) accompanied with a decrease of in the level of mitochondrial oxidative stress marker (nrf2) in myocardium muscles and decrease in the serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) in a dose dependent manner. Concomitant treatment with L-ascorbic acid significantly diminished these changes for all examined parameters.ConclusionChronic administration of organic nitrates leads to the alteration of the level of oxidative stress factors in the myocardium tissue due to generation of reactive oxygen species. Using vitamin C can effectively ameliorate such intoxication to overcome the nitrate tolerance.

scholarly journals Production of Stress Tolerant Plants by Overproduction of Enzymatic Oxyradical Scavengers

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Zilinskas ◽  
Doron Holland ◽  
Yuval Eshdat ◽  
Gozal Ben-Hayyim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Antisense Construct

Most of the objectives that were outlined in the original proposal have been met with two exceptions. Briefly, our goals were to: (1) constract transgenic tobacco plants which overproduce one or more of the enzymatic oxyradical scavengers and associated ancillary enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and monodehydrascorbate reductase; (2) evaluate the tolerance of these transgenic plants to oxidative stress; and (3) extend these studies to an agronomically important crop such as citrus. As can be seen i the following pages, our objectives (1) and (2) have been achieved, although transgenic lines overexpressing phospholipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX) were not obtained and our evidence to date suggests that constitutive overexpressing of the enzyme is probably lethal. Howeever, transgenic tobacco expressing the antisense construct for PHGPX were obtained. Tobacco plants overexpressing ascorbate peroxidase and those sensesuppressing monodehydroascorbate reductase are more tolerant to oxidative stress, as mediated by the redox-cycling agent paraquant; in contrast, plants expressing the PHGPX-antisense construct are more sensitive to paraquat. Additional research is warranted on each of the six types of transgenic lines which we generated with regard to their tolerance to saline stress. Until recently, attempts to transform citrus were not very successful, and thus additional attention is currently being directed at objective (3). We are optimistic that use of the plant transformation vector, pBIN, will lead to stable transgenic citrus, as preliminary experiments demonstrate stable expression of the GUS reporter gene. Other important contributions resulting from this BARD project include the biochemical characterization of the first plant phospholipid glutathione peroxidase and the biochemical and molecular analysis of another key antioxidant enzyme, monodehydroascorbate reductase. Overall this BARD-supported project was quite successful, and the biological resource of numerous transgenic lines which have altered levels of antioxidant enzymes should be valuable for years to come.

Analysis of Glutathione-Dependent Enzyme Activities in two Different Rat Hepatomas and in Normal Liver in Relation to their Role in Resistance to Oxidative Stress

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Armida Rossi ◽  
Mario Umberto Dianzani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Glutathione Reductase Activity

The importance of some glutathione metabolic pathways was examined in two highly dedifferentiated hepatomas, Yoshida AH-130 and Morris 3924 A hepatomas, and in normal liver in relation to their role against oxidative stress. The cytosol prepared from Yoshida hepatoma cells decreased the peroxidation rate in normal liver microsomes and mitochondria, but this antioxidant property was not displayed by Morris hepatoma. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferases activities were extremely low in both hepatomas; glutathione reductase activity values were about half the normal liver values. The large decrease in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferases suggests that in these two tumors only small amounts of GSH can be used in reduction or conjugation reactions, such as the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides or the conjugation of GSH with the end products of lipoperoxidation, aldehydes or ketones. The hypothesis of a more efficient GSSG reduction in hepatomas, due to the low glutathione peroxidase/glutathione reductase activity ratio, is also discussed. The described changes in glutathione related enzymes do not seem to have any correlation with the protective effect against the lipoperoxidative processes displayed by some tumors since these enzymatic activities were similar in both hepatomas whereas only Yoshida hepatoma showed antioxidant properties.

Oxidative stress in the testis of hyperglycemic rabbits treated with repaglinide

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-546
Author(s):  
Anna Gumieniczek ◽  
Hanna Hopkała ◽  
Marcin Pruchniak
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Diabetic Rabbits

AbstractIn the present study, the induction of oxidative stress was examined in the testis of alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. In addition, the protective effect of repaglinide, an oral anti-diabetic, at a dose of 1 mg daily was studied after four and eight weeks of the treatment. For these purposes, the levels of superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSSG-R), glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AA), lipid peroxidation products (LPO) and protein carbonyl groups (PCG) were quantified. Hyperglycemia resulted in significant increases in the antioxidative enzymes, Cu, Zn-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and GSSG-R after four and eight weeks, respectively. There was also an increase in GSH level, and a decrease in the level of AA. These effects were accompanied by an elevation in testicular LPO levels and PCG levels. Repaglinide was found to normalize the activity of GSSG-R and levels of GSH and AA, and blunted the increased lipid peroxidation, however no decrease in PCG levels were observed. In conclusion, some oxidative changes provoked in the testis of rabbits by hyperglycemia, were found to be reduced with repaglinide treatment at therapeutic dose.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Fruit Wines against Hydrogen Peroxide—Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Synaptosomes

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Uroš Čakar ◽  
Mirjana Čolović ◽  
Danijela Milenković ◽  
Branislava Medić ◽  
Danijela Krstić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Black Chokeberry

This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the antioxidative potential of fruit wines produced from berry fruits (i.e., black chokeberry, blueberry, blackberry, and raspberry), cherry, and apple by different technological processes. For this purpose, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content as a marker of membrane damage were determined in wine-treated synaptosomes with hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. All studied wines induced increased antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased MDA levels compared to hydrogen peroxide-treated synaptosomes (i.e., control). The highest SOD activity was observed in synaptosomes treated with blackberry wine (6.81 U/mg), whereas blueberry wine induced the highest catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities (0.058 U/mg and 0.017 U/mg, respectively). Black chokeberry proved to be the best in lipid peroxidation protection with the lowest MDA value (1.42 nmol/mg). Finally, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis additionally highlighted a higher antioxidant capacity of wines produced from dark-skinned fruits (i.e., blackberry, black chokeberry, and blueberry). The results suggest protective effects of the fruit wines against oxidative damage, and, accordingly, their promising application as functional food.

scholarly journals Deficient metabolic utilization of hydrogen peroxide in Trypanosoma cruzi

1980 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Boveris ◽  
H Sies ◽  
E E Martino ◽  
R Docampo ◽  
J F Turrens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Cumene Hydroperoxide ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Enzymic Oxidation

The glutathione peroxidase-glutathione reductase system, an alternative pathway for metabolic utilization of H2O2 [Chance, Sies & Boveris (1979) Physiol. Rev. 59, 527-605], was investigated in Trypanosoma cruzi, an organism lacking catalase and deficient in peroxidase [Boveris & Stoppani (1977) Experientia 33, 1306-1308]. The presence of glutathione (4.9 +/- 0.7 nmol of reduced glutathione/10(8) cells) and NADPH-dependent glutathione reductase (5.3 +/- 0.4 munit/10(8) cells) was demonstrated in the cytosolic fraction of the parasite, but with H2O2 as substrate glutathione peroxidase activity could not be demonstrated in the same extracts. With t-butyl hydroperoxide or cumene hydroperoxide as substrate, a very low NADPH-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity was detected (equivalent to 0.3-0.5 munit of peroxidase/10(8) cells, or about 10% of glutathione reductase activity). Blank reactions of the glutathione peroxidase assay (non-enzymic oxidation of glutathione by hydroperoxides and enzymic oxidation of NADPH) hampered accurate measurement of peroxidase activity. The presence of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activity in, as well as the absence of catalase from, epimastigote extracts was confirmed. Ascorbate peroxidase activity was cyanide-sensitive and heat-labile, but no activity could be demonstrated with diaminobenzidine, pyrogallol or guaiacol as electron donor. The summarized results support the view that T. cruzi epimastigotes lack an adequate enzyme defence against H2O2 and H2O2-related free radicals.

scholarly journals Assessment of Oxidative Status in Foot Diseases of Sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Yurdakul ◽  
Betul Apaydin Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Foot Diseases ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Interdigital Dermatitis

Background: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiology and/or progression of various diseases in the livestock. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between foot diseases and oxidant and antioxidant levels, determining catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations in sheep with foot disease such as interdigital dermatitis, footrot and interdigital pouch infection (biflex canal inflammation).Materials, Methods & Results: In the study, a total of 70 sheep aged between 1 and 3, 20 sheep with interdigital dermatitis, 20 with foot-rot, 10 with interdigital pouch inflammation and 20 clinically healthy Akkaraman sheep, were used. The blood samples collected from the V. Jugularis of the sheep were centrifuged and their serums were obtained. MDA and NO levels of the sheep with interdigital dermatitis, footrot and interdigital pouch infection were found to be significantly higher than those of animals in the control group (P < 0.001). CAT activity was determined to be significantly lower in all diseased animals than in the animals in the control group (P < 0.001). GSH-Px and GSH levels were significantly lower in the animals with interdigital dermatitis than in the control group (respectively P < 0.001, P < 0.05).Discussion: Oxidative stress regulates the metabolic activity of some organs and plays an important role in productivity in livestock. The oxidative stress is reported that caused by the increase in the production of excessive free radicals resulting from the exposure of animals to various stress factors and by the weakening of the antioxidant defense has an important role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases such as foot diseases. In the presence of various stress factors, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) increases. MDA is determine the degree of cellular damage in tissues. Nitric oxide is produced in large quantities by macrophages in case of bacterial infections and exhibits antibacterial properties against pathogenic microorganisms. For this reason, NO is very high levels in inflammatory diseases. Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione (GSH) is some of the important antioxidants and play an important role in the oxidative defense of tissues. In this study, the increase in serum MDA and NO levels was mostly found in interdigital dermatitis cases, then in footrot cases and finally in interdigital pouch infection cases. Serum CAT levels were found to be significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.001). In this study, the highest decrease in serum CAT levels was detected in interdigital dermatitis cases and followed by footrot cases and interdigital pouch infection cases, respectively. Serum GSH-Px and GSH levels were found to be significantly lower in interdigital dermatitis cases than those in the control group (respectively P < 0.001, P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference found between the serum GSH-Px and GSH levels of footrot and interdigital pouch infection cases, and the control group (P > 0.05). We found that serum MDA and NO levels were found to significantly increase in sheep with foot disease and serum CAT levels were found to be significantly lower. The results of this research indicate that MDA, NO and CAT activities may be more reliable parameters than GSH-Px and GSH activities in order to determine oxidative stress in sheep with foot diseases. In conclusion, this study reveals that there is a relationship between foot diseases and oxidant/antioxidant balance in sheep and it shows that the oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation develop due to the increase of free radicals.

Effect of Exposure to Mixture of Heavy Metals Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead on Reproductive Function and Oxidative Stress in Female Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Choudhuri D. ◽  
Bhattacharjee T.
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Oestrus Cycle ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Live Fetus

Background : Toxicological consequences arising from exposure to mixtures of heavy metals especially at low, chronic and environmentally relevant doses are poorly recognised. In the present study, we evaluated effects of chronic exposure to combinations of three metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) present frequently in drinking water on reproductive function and oxidative damage caused to reproductive organs of female rats. Method : Female rats were exposed to mixture of metals (As, Cdand Pb) for 90 consecutive days. The gain in body weight and weight of reproductive organs were recorded following autopsy on 91 stday. The oestrus cycle were monitored during entire treatment period. Numbers of corpora lutea, implantation sites, live fetus and survival of the fetus were evaluated in rats mated successfully with untreated male after completion of their respective treatment. Ovarian cholesterol, protein, ascorbic acid and enzyme Δ 5 -3β HSD levels were estimated. Serum levels of steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone were estimated. Histopathological picture of both ovary and uterus were assessed. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidise (GPX) activity, amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondyaldehyde (MDA) in blood, ovary and uterus were measured as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Results : The treated rats showed reduced body weight gain and reduction in the weight of ovary and uterus. Oestrus cycle was disrupted with continuous diestrous in treated animals. Number of corpora lutea, implantation sites and live fetus and the survival of fetus evaluate were reduced significantly in treated groups. The levels of ovarian cholesterol and ascorbic acid increased in treated rats with decrease Δ5 -3β HSD level. There was reduction in serum level of both the ovarian steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone. The protein levels did not differ between the groups. There was a significant increase in levels of MDA and decrease in levels of all the antioxidant enzymes in treated group. Conclusion : The results revealed there was disruption to reproductive functions with decrease in stereoidogenic activity and associated oxidative stress in female rats treated with combination of mixture of metals (Cd, As and Pb) at low dose for 90 consecutive days.

State of the enzyme link of antioxidant protection in boys with hypoandrogenism

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
L. K. Parkhomenko ◽  
◽  
L. A. Strashok ◽  
S. I. Turchina ◽  
G. V. Kosovtsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Conjugated Dienes ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Radical Oxidation

Recently, interest in the problem of free radical oxidation in biological membranes, which is directly related to both the normal functioning of cells and the occurrence, course and outcome of many pathological conditions, has increased again in clinical medicine. The aim was to determine the role and impact of antioxidant defense in boys with hypoandrogenism. The study involved 75 adolescents with hypoandrogenism aged 13–18 years, who underwent a complex of clinical and laboratory examinations. All patients were conducted complex of anthropometric research and determination of the degree of delayed puberty, laboratory and instrumental examination. Free radical oxidation was determined by the levels of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, carbonated proteins, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the serum, and restored glutathione and glutathione peroxidase in whole blood. Based on their determination, the coefficient of oxidative stress was calculated. Statistical processing of results was performed using parametric and nonparametric methods. The study of indicators of the free radical oxidation process found that adolescents with hypoandrogenism have multidirectional changes in the oxidation of proteins and lipids, namely: the level of conjugated dienes increases, the concentration of malondialdehyde remains at the level of the control group, and the level of carbonated proteins tends to decrease. As for the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes, a significant decrease in the level of glutathione peroxidase was detected, while the level of superoxide dismutase and catalase remained at the level of normative indicators. Oxidative stress accompanies and is one of the pathogenetic links in the formation or maintenance of the state of hypoandrogenism in boys. This requires the use of antioxidants, the complex of which must be selected individually.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity of the Isoflavonoids from the Roots of Maackia amurensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezda I. Kulesh ◽  
Sergey A. Fedoreyev ◽  
Marina V. Veselova ◽  
Natalia P. Mischenko ◽  
Vladimir A. Denisenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Formalin Injection ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Maackia Amurensis

Seven isoflavonoids, including a new glycoside, (6a R,11a R)-medicarpin-3- O-gentiobioside (6), were isolated from the roots of Maackia amurensis using repeated column chromatography on a Toyopearl HW-50F sorbent and identified by HPLC–PDA–MS, 1H NMR, 13C, 1H–1H COSY, HSQC NMR and HMBC NMR analyses as daidzin (1), genistein-7- O-gentiobioside (2), pseudobaptigenin-7- O-gentiobioside (3), formononetin-7- O-gentiobioside (4), (6a R,11a R)-maackiain-3- O-gentiobioside (5), and 5- O-methylgenistein-7- O-gentiobioside (7). In the model of oxidative stress induced by formalin injection, the isolated isoflavone and pterocarpan glucosides 1-7 were shown to reduce the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and other thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPO) activity in rats.

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