scholarly journals Hydro-Environmental Criteria for Introducing an Edible Halophyte from a Rainy Region to an Arid Zone: A Study Case of Suaeda spp. as a New Crop in NW México

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1996
Author(s):  
Francyelli Regina Costa-Becheleni ◽  
Enrique Troyo-Diéguez ◽  
Alejandra Nieto-Garibay ◽  
Luis Alejandro Bustamante-Salazar ◽  
Hugo Sergio García-Galindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Nw Mexico ◽  
Environmental Criteria ◽  
Humid Region ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Environmental Availability ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Availability Index ◽  
New Crop

Halophytes are capable of growing in saline environments. However, this attribute results from a wide genetic variability, making it difficult to approximate halophytes’ agroecological management. We examined the hydro-climatological attributes associated with the distribution of species of the genus Suaeda in NW Mexico and SW USA, and for S. edulis in central México. The analysis focused on the introduction of the semi-domesticated species Suaeda edulis as a new crop, from central regions of México, reaching an average yield of 8 Mg ha−1 of biomass, to arid NW México. The list of Suaeda species was elaborated from the eHALOPH and Calflora databases, and the NW México Herbarium Network. According to the Hydro-Environmental Availability Index (HEAI), the central regions of Mexico reflect a greater water availability, suitable for S. edulis. In such a humid region, HEAI varied from 6 to 18, indicating sufficient moisture for crops. In contrast, other Suaeda species, including S. nigra, S. esteroa, and S. californica, spread in NW Mexico and SW United States, where the water availability is null during the year, with HEAI scoring from 0 to 4. Under such dryness, S. edulis in NW Mexico will require water through optimized irrigation and plant breeding strategies to ensure its viability as a new crop.

Water availability index based on quality and quantity: its application in Mexico

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Jiménez-Cisneros
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
National Monitoring ◽  
Adequate Quality ◽  
Availability Index ◽  
Water Quality And Quantity ◽  
Potential Use

This paper presents an Availability Index based on water quality and quantity. The Index has two elements, the first one indicates the water availability in terms of quantity (renewable freshwater), and the second indicates the quality (in terms of the treatment needed to obtain adequate quality for potential use). Water quality is based on the calculation of another index called Potential Use Index, which enables one to classify the water in terms of its measured quality and to determine its suitability for a defined use. This methodology was applied to Mexico and it allowed a new regionalisation of the country for establishing several water quality preservation programs to start. Also, results were employed to redefine the national monitoring system as well as to initiate a process to change the water quality standards of Mexico. The Availability Index has the advantage of being very simple to evaluate and suitable for countries with no systematic monitoring (same type of information for different regions, regular periods of sampling and historical records).

Analisis Neraca Air dan Prasarana Tampungan Air di DAS Ciujung

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Yulia Dwi Kurniasari ◽  
Hadi Susilo Arifin ◽  
Muhammad Yanuar Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Consumption Index ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Availability Index

Peningkatan jumlah penduduk, laju pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pengembangan wilayah berdampak pada kondisi sumber daya air. Keterbatasan prasarana tampungan air menjadi penyebab pentingnya distribusi sumber daya air secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kondisi neraca air dan prasarana tampungan air yang ada di DAS Ciujung. Metode yang digunakan adalah menghitung kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air, Neraca surplus-defisit, Indeks Pemakaian Air (IPA) dan Indeks ketersediaan air per kapita berdasarkan metode SNI 6728.1.2015 serta indikator tampungan air. Ketersediaan air dihitung berdasarkan debit andalan 80% (Q80). Kebutuhan air dihitung dari kebutuhan rumah tangga, perkotaan, industri (RKI), irigasi, peternakan, perikanan dan pemeliharaan sungai. Prasarana tampungan air dihitung melalui indikator tampungan bangunan konservasi air yang ada. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan air di DAS Ciujung sebesar 37,52 m3/detik sedangkan ketersediaan airnya sebesar 36,57 m3/detik. Hal ini mengindikasikan adanya defisit air sebesar 0,95 m3/detik. Indeks Pemakaian Air sebesar 1,03 (kategori jelek). Indeks ketersediaan air per kapita sebesar 623,05 (indikasi kelangkaan air). Sedangkan indikator tampungan air sebesar 31,34% (kategori baik).  ABSTRACTThe population growth, the rapid rate of economic growth and regional development will have an impact on the condition of water resources. Limited water storage infrastructure is the importance cause of allocating water resources. The objective of study is to know the water balance and water storage infrastructure in Ciujung Watershed. The analysis methods was used to calculate the amount of water supply and demand, to calculate the surplus-deficit balance, Water Consumption index (IPA), Water Availability Index per Capita refers to SNI 6728.1.2015 and water storage indicator. Water supply calculation based on the mainstay discharge of 80% (Q80). Water demands calculation from the demand of households, cities and industries (RKI), irrigation, livestock, fisheries and river maintenance. Capacity of existing water conservation storage used to predict the water storage infrastructure. The results of analysis show that the water demands in Ciujung Watershed is 37,52 m3/second, while the water supply is 36,57 m3/second. This indicates there is a water deficit of 0,95 m3/second. According to calculation, Water Consumption Index is 1,03 (bad category), It resulted that Water availability index per capita is 623,05 (water scarcity indicator). On the other hand, Indicator for water storage is 31,34% (good category).

scholarly journals ANALISIS SISTEM DINAMIK NERACA AIR DI PULAU TIDORE

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halima Malaka ◽  
M. Yanuar ◽  
J. Purwanto ◽  
Alinda Zein
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Simulation Scenario ◽  
Availability Index

This research was conducted at Tidore Island, –Tidore City, North Maluku Archipelago Province. Objective of this study were  1) build a water balance model Tidore Island. This Method used in this research is method of survey with water balance analysis. Analysis of the data used is the analysis of dynamic system to determine the balance of the year 2009 - 2032 with software stella version 9.0.2. The result of analysis showed that in 2009 there were water balance 21,189,941.20 m3 / year and in 2032 there was a deficit of 427,678.61 m3 / year. Water availability index (IKA) in 2009 amounted to 1416.10 and in the year 2032 amounted to 82.54 IKA the value, it indicates that in 2032 the availability of groundwater only able to serve 82.54% the water demand. To improve the balance of water needed for water saving and conservation policies at each land use.Saving measures water use and conservation of groundwater done using three policy scenarios, the model simulation results indicate that both scenarios can increase the efficiency of water use and water balance in 2009 to 21,270,444.14 m3 / year with a value of 1490.63 and value IKA in 2032 can be water deficit of 31128.46 m3 / year. While the results of the simulation scenario 3 scenario between saving integrated water use and conservation can improve the water balance in 2009 amounted to 21,350,947.08 m3 / year and the value IKA 1573.44, and in 2032 the value decreased to 117.92 IKA shows the availability of ground water able to serve 117.92% of  water demand  people. Keywords: water balance,system dynamic, water demand, ground water availability

scholarly journals Sophisticated Light Shelf System in South Orientation in Hot Arid Zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Fekry ◽  
Reham H. Eldesoky ◽  
Doha M. Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Main Design ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Previous Phase

In the framework of achieving advanced (sophisticated) light shelf system for deep office spaces in south in hot, arid zones, this study is based on the use of the parametric design approach in creating and investigating various combinations of the main design parameters of light shelf systems, in order to determine the design indicators and the key design elements that can help in developing and optimizing the performance of such daylight systems. Therefore a “819” study cases were created and tested in the previous phase of this study, as well as a “16” study cases have been tested in this study that produced from one hypothetical optimized parametric study case which was established by integrate the main design features of the best two case studies in the results of the previous study phase, in term of daylighting and energy consumption performance.  This study has identified several basic designs and considerations for developing and optimizing the light shelf systems, in addition to the invention of two sophisticated design cases for deep office spaces with different ceiling heights (3.30 & 3.80 m.) in south in hot, arid zones (New Cairo area).

scholarly journals RAINFALL UNCERTAINTY AND WATER AVAILABILITY: ELEMENTS FOR PLANNING WATER ALLOCATION TO USERS IN IRRIGATION DISTRICTS OF MEXICO. STUDY CASE IRRIGATION DISTRICT 041 YAQUI RIVER

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Sánchez Cohen ◽  
Gerardo Esquivel Arriaga ◽  
Maritza Argelia Macías Corral ◽  
Julián Cerano Paredes ◽  
Marco Antonio Inzunza Ibarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Irrigation Districts ◽  
Study Case

scholarly journals Phenotypic flexibility in heat production and heat loss in response to thermal and hydric acclimation in the zebra finch, a small arid-zone passerine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał S. Wojciechowski ◽  
Anna Kowalczewska ◽  
Roger Colominas-Ciuró ◽  
Małgorzata Jefimow
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Zebra Finch ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Phenotypic Flexibility ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractTo maintain constant body temperature (Tb) over a wide range of ambient temperatures (Ta) endothermic animals require large amounts of energy and water. In hot environments, the main threat to endothermic homeotherms is insufficient water to supply that necessary for thermoregulation. We investigated flexible adjustment of traits related to thermoregulation and water conservation during acclimation to hot conditions or restricted water availability, or both, in the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata a small arid-zone passerine. Using indirect calorimetry, we measured changes in whole animal metabolic rate (MR), evaporative heat loss (EHL) and Tb before and after acclimation to 23 or 40 °C, with different availability of water. Additionally, we quantified changes in partitioning of EHL into respiratory and cutaneous avenues in birds exposed to 25 and 40 °C. In response to heat and water restriction zebra finches decreased MR, which together with unchanged EHL resulted in increased efficiency of evaporative heat loss. This facilitated more precise Tb regulation in heat-acclimated birds. Acclimation temperature and water availability had no effect on the partitioning of EHL into cutaneous or respiratory avenues. At 25 °C, cutaneous EHL accounted for ~ 60% of total EHL, while at 40 °C, its contribution decreased to ~ 20%. Consistent among-individual differences in MR and EHL suggest that these traits, provided that they are heritable, may be a subject to natural selection. We conclude that phenotypic flexibility in metabolic heat production associated with acclimation to hot, water-scarce conditions is crucial in response to changing environmental conditions, especially in the face of current and predicted climate change.

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