scholarly journals Rapid Accumulation of Proline Enhances Salinity Tolerance in Australian Wild Rice Oryza australiensis Domin

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2044
Author(s):  
Ha Thi Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Sudipta Das Bhowmik ◽  
Hao Long ◽  
Yen Cheng ◽  
Sagadevan Mundree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Rapid Accumulation ◽  
Oryza Australiensis

Proline has been reported to play an important role in helping plants cope with several stresses, including salinity. This study investigates the relationship between proline accumulation and salt tolerance in an accession of Australian wild rice Oryza australiensis Domin using morphological, physiological, and molecular assessments. Seedlings of O. australiensis wild rice accession JC 2304 and two other cultivated rice Oryza sativa L. cultivars, Nipponbare (salt-sensitive), and Pokkali (salt-tolerant), were screened at 150 mM NaCl for 14 days. The results showed that O. australiensis was able to rapidly accumulate free proline and lower osmotic potential at a very early stage of salt stress compared to cultivated rice. The qRT-PCR result revealed that O. australiensis wild rice JC 2304 activated proline synthesis genes OsP5CS1, OsP5CS2, and OsP5CR and depressed the expression of proline degradation gene OsProDH as early as 1 h after exposure to salinity stress. Wild rice O. australiensis and Pokkali maintained their relative water content and cell membrane integrity during exposure to salinity stress, while the salt-sensitive Nipponbare failed to do so. An analysis of the sodium and potassium contents suggested that O. australiensis wild rice JC 2304 adapted to ionic stress caused by salinity by maintaining a low Na+ content and low Na+/K+ ratio in the shoots and roots. This demonstrates that O. australiensis wild rice may use a rapid accumulation of free proline as a strategy to cope with salinity stress.

scholarly journals Evolutional analysis of heat shock transcription factors in wild and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Tao ◽  
Weifeng Wan ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Samuel Tareke Woldegiorgis ◽  
Yifan Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Oryza Rufipogon ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Heat Shock Transcription Factors

Abstract Background：Heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) take part in many physiological and biochemical pathways in plants by regulating the expression of various stress-responsive genes, such as heat shock proteins (Hsps). With the development of rice genome re-sequencing projects, some researches had been carried out to identify Hsf gene family members in rice at the whole genomic scale. However, Hsfs in cultivated and wild rice genomes has not been fully studied and compared, although genetic diversity in cultivated rice is limited compared to wild rice. Results：In this research work, Hsfs genes were screened and evolutionally compared in the genomes of 6 wild rice and 1 cultivated rice varieties, including O. barthii, O. glumaepatula, O. meridionalis, O. nivara, O. punctate, O. rufipogon and O. sativa & Nipponbare. Total 22, 23, 24, 24, 25, 25 and 25 Hsf genes were identified in the tested 7 rice genomes, respectively. The different number of Hsf genes between wild and cultivated rice genotypes was due to dispersed duplication and whole genome duplication (WGD) events, reversely contributed to different stress-tolerant ability between wild and cultivated rice. The evolutional analysis on the Hsf genes confirmed that O. rufipogon was the immediate ancestral progenitors of O. sativa. The expression profile of Hsf genes in Nipponbare and O. rufipogon under different stage of salinity stress showed that 4 root Hsf genes, including HsfA3a, HsfA4d, HsfC2a and HsfC2b, were simultaneously up-regulated by salinity stress in cultivated rice and its ancestral progenitor, implying that these 4 Hsf genes played conserved roles in rice in response to salinity stress. However, a substantial number of Hsf genes were exclusively regulated only in Oryza rufipogon rice seedling, suggesting that some of genuine salinity stress tolerance genes might be missing in cultivated rice. Conclusion：The results of this study would give insight into the evolution and function of Hsf gene members in rice, and hint to the use of wild relative genes to improve rice performance.

Sucrose transport and metabolism control carbon partitioning between stem and grain in rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotirmaya Mathan ◽  
Anuradha Singh ◽  
Aashish Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Sucrose Transport ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Oryza Australiensis

Abstract The source-sink relationship is key to overall crop performance. Detailed understanding of the factors that determine source-sink dynamics is imperative for the balance of biomass and grain yield in crop plants. We investigated the differences in the source-sink relationship between a cultivated rice Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare and a wild rice Oryza australiensis that show striking differences in biomass and grain yield. Oryza australiensis, accumulating higher biomass, not only showed higher photosynthesis per unit leaf area but also exported more sucrose from leaves than Nipponbare. However, grain features and sugar levels suggested limited sucrose mobilization to the grains in the wild rice due to vasculature and sucrose transporter functions. Low cell wall invertase activity and high sucrose synthase cleavage activity followed by higher expression of cellulose synthase genes in Oryza australiensis stem utilized photosynthates preferentially for the synthesis of structural carbohydrates, resulting in high biomass. In contrast, the source-sink relationship favored high grain yield in Nipponbare via accumulation of transitory starch in the stem, due to higher expression of starch biosynthetic genes, which is mobilized to panicles at the grain filling stage. Thus, vascular features, sucrose transport, and functions of sugar metabolic enzymes explained the differences in the source-sink relationship between Nipponbare and Oryza australiensis.

Identification of neutral alleles at pollen sterility gene loci of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) from wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 298 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Quan Li ◽  
Muhammud Qasim Shahid ◽  
Jiu Huan Feng ◽  
Xiang Dong Liu ◽  
Xing Juan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Sterility Gene

RFLP analysis of the progeny from Oryza alta Swallen × Oryza sativa L.

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 913-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Mao ◽  
Lihuang Zhu ◽  
Qin Zhou ◽  
Xianping Wang ◽  
Han Hu
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Chromosome ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Wide Hybridization ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Chromosome Segments

RFLP analyses were carried out in the progeny from a cross of two phylogenetically distant rice species, wild rice Oryza alta Swallen (CCDD, 2n = 48) and cultivated rice O. sativa L. (AA, 2n = 24). The sterile plants gave heterozygous RFLP patterns at most of the loci detected. They looked more like their wild rice parent, with 36 chromosomes in their root-tip cells and pollen mother cells. In two partially fertile plants, however, most of the markers that were used showed RFLP patterns similar to the cultivated parent, O. sativa. By cytological study, it was found that nearly one-third of the chromosomes had been eliminated in the partially fertile plants. Their seeds have short awns, which is a characteristic of their wild parent, O. alta. An introgression occurred in one of the partially fertile plants, which led to the discussion about a nonconventional mechanism in wide hybridization for transference of wild rice chromosome segments to cultivated rice chromosomes.Key words: RFLP, Oryza alta, rice, Oryza sativa, wide hybridization.

Origin and evolution of aus type fragrant rice (Oryza sativa L.) : A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
S Das ◽  
CM Khanda
Keyword(s):  
Wild Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Fragrant Rice ◽  
Wild Rice Species

Diversity in wild forms and landraces of a crop in a region is an indicator and the core tenet of determining its centre of origin. Jeypore tract of Odisha with diverse rice forms is considered as the earliest, independent rice domestication region of aus ecotype. The aus group of Asian cultivated rice is a distinct population with unique alleles for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and high genetic diversity even in its fragrant accessions, detected at the molecular level. Annual wild rice Oryza nivara is considered as the progenitor of aus rice. The aus type fragrant rice is the original crop of Indian sub-continent, domesticated in hill areas by primitive tribes, around 4500 years ago. The Chinese japonica rice which came to India later, inherited chloroplast and nuclear genome from wild aus rice and the resulting hybrids formed the aromatic group. Loss or gain of phenotypic characters is the common feature of evolution. The aus landraces possessing characters such as black hull, red pericarp, poor panicle features, low grain yield, associated with wild rice species have evolved into cultivated forms from the intermediate stages of domestication. Considering the archeological evidences, genetic inferences and correlations of different investigations relating to aus type fragrant rice, Jeypore tract is regarded as the place of origin and evolution of this small but significant group of fragrant rice.

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