scholarly journals Studies on Reproductive Development and Breeding Habit of the Commercially Important Bamboo Bambusa tulda Roxb

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2375
Author(s):  
Sukanya Chakraborty ◽  
Prasun Biswas ◽  
Smritikana Dutta ◽  
Mridushree Basak ◽  
Suman Guha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Genetic Compatibility ◽  
Sporadic Flowering ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Bambusa Tulda ◽  
Inflorescence And Floral Morphology

Compared to other grasses, flowering in bamboo is quite divergent, yet complex with respect to time to flower, number of individual culms in a population that have been induced at a time (sporadic vs. gregarious), nature of monocarpy, morphology of inflorescences (solitary spikelet vs. pseudospikelet), biology of pollen and nature of genetic compatibility. Wide diversity exists even across species and genotypes. However, due to the rarity of flowering and inaccessibility, few studies have been done to systematically analyse diverse aspects of the reproductive behaviour of bamboo. In this study, four recurrently occurring, sporadic flowering populations of Bambusa tulda have been closely observed over the last seven years. Detailed inflorescence and floral morphology and development of reproductive organs have been studied. Pollen viability was assessed by staining and in vitro germination. Self and cross pollination experiments were performed in a plantation site to assess the genetic nature of pollen-pistil interaction. The study identifies interesting reproductive features, that are not common in other grasses. A few important observations include the early appearance of a solitary spikelet vs. late appearance of a pseudospikelet in the flowering cycle, low rate of pollen germination, protandry, self-incompatibility and higher rate of seed setting by the pseudospikelet as compared to the solitary spikelet. The findings will not only be useful to understand the reproductive behaviour of this non-woody timber plant, but will also be useful for forest management and sustainable use of bamboo bioresources.

scholarly journals In Vitro Co-Exposure to CeO2 Nanomaterials from Diesel Engine Exhaust and Benzo(a)Pyrene Induces Additive DNA Damage in Sperm and Cumulus Cells but Not in Oocytes

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Martina Cotena ◽  
Mélanie Auffan ◽  
Virginie Tassistro ◽  
Noémie Resseguier ◽  
Jérôme Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a recognized reprotoxic compound and the most widely investigated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in ambient air; it is widespread by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels along with cerium dioxide nanomaterials (CeO2 NMs), which are used in nano-based diesel additives to decrease the emission of toxic compounds and to increase fuel economy. The toxicity of CeO2 NMs on reproductive organs and cells has also been shown. However, the effect of the combined interactions of BaP and CeO2 NMs on reproduction has not been investigated. Herein, human and rat gametes were exposed in vitro to combusted CeO2 NMs or BaP or CeO2 NMs and BaP in combination. CeO2 NMs were burned at 850 °C prior to mimicking their release after combustion in a diesel engine. We demonstrated significantly higher amounts of DNA damage after exposure to combusted CeO2 NMs (1 µg·L−1) or BaP (1.13 µmol·L−1) in all cell types considered compared to unexposed cells. Co-exposure to the CeO2 NMs-BaP mixture induced additive DNA damage in sperm and cumulus cells, whereas no additive effect was observed in rat oocytes. This result could be related to the structural protection of the oocyte by cumulus cells and to the oocyte’s efficient system to repair DNA damage compared to that of cumulus and sperm cells.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial, Antifertility and Antiinflammatory Approach to Tetradentate Macrocyclic Complexes of Iron(II) and Manganese(II)

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashu Chaudhary ◽  
D. P. Jaroli ◽  
R. V. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Central Metal Atom ◽  
Central Metal ◽  
Testicular Sperm ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Sperm Density ◽  
Elemental Analyses

Some antifertility inhibitors of 18 to 24-membered tetraazamacrocyclic complexes of iron(II) and manganese(II) have been synthesised by the template condensation using 1,3-phenylenediamine with malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid. The reaction proceed smoothly to completion. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight determinations, infrared, electronic, magnetic moment, mössbaur and mass spectral studies. The elemental analyses are consistent with the formation of the complexes [M(N4Ln)Cl2] (M = Fe(lI) or Mn(II)). All these complexes are stable and monomeric in nature as indicated by the molecular weight determinations. The spectral studies confirm the octahedral geometry around the central metal atom. The complexes have been screened in vitro against a number of fungi and bacteria to assess their growth inhibiting potential. The testicular sperm density and testicular sperm morphology, sperm motility, density of cauda epididymal spermatozoa and fertility in mating trials and biochemical parameters of reproductive organs have been examined and discussed.

In vitro mass proliferation of two commercially important Turkish Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. S121
Author(s):  
Farzad Nofouzi ◽  
Mohsen Mirzapour ◽  
Sam Mokhtarzadeh ◽  
Khalid Mahmood Khawar
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Commercially Important

scholarly journals Overexpression of the Matrix Metalloproteinase Matrilysin Results in Premature Mammary Gland Differentiation and Male Infertility

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Rudolph-Owen ◽  
Paul Cannon ◽  
Lynn M. Matrisian
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
The Matrix

To examine the role of matrilysin (MAT), an epithelial cell-specific matrix metalloproteinase, in the normal development and function of reproductive tissues, we generated transgenic animals that overexpress MAT in several reproductive organs. Three distinct forms of human MAT (wild-type, active, and inactive) were placed under the control of the murine mammary tumor virus promoter/enhancer. Although wild-type, active, and inactive forms of the human MAT protein could be produced in an in vitro culture system, mutations of the MAT cDNA significantly decreased the efficiency with which the MAT protein was produced in vivo. Therefore, animals carrying the wild-type MAT transgene that expressed high levels of human MAT in vivo were further examined. Mammary glands from female transgenic animals were morphologically normal throughout mammary development, but displayed an increased ability to produce β-casein protein in virgin animals. In addition, beginning at approximately 8 mo of age, the testes of male transgenic animals became disorganized with apparent disintegration of interstitial tissue that normally surrounds the seminiferous tubules. The disruption of testis morphology was concurrent with the onset of infertility. These results suggest that overexpression of the matrix-degrading enzyme MAT alters the integrity of the extracellular matrix and thereby induces cellular differentiation and cellular destruction in a tissue-specific manner.

scholarly journals Low sperm to egg ratio required for successful in vitro fertilisation in a pair-spawning teleost, Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ramos-Júdez ◽  
Wendy Ángela González-López ◽  
Jhons Huayanay Ostos ◽  
Noemí Cota Mamani ◽  
Carlos Marrero Alemán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Solea Senegalensis ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Senegalese Sole ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Close Proximity

AbstractCultured Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) breeders fail to spawn fertilised eggs and this bottleneck could be solved with the implementation of large-scale in vitro fertilisation protocols. However, low production of poor-quality sperm has frustrated the development of in vitro fertilisation protocols. Cultured females were induced to ovulate with a 5 µg kg-1 single injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) and good quality eggs (82.6 ± 9.2% fertilisation) were stripped 41:57 ± 1:46 h after the injection. Sperm was collected from cultured males, diluted in modified Leibovitz and used fresh to fertilise the eggs. A non-linear regression, an exponential rise to a maximum (R = 0.93, P < 0.0001) described the number of motile spermatozoa required to fertilise a viable egg and 1617 motile spermatozoa were sufficient to fertilise 99 ± 12% (± 95% CI) of viable eggs. Similar, spermatozoa egg-1 ratios of 592 ± 611 motile spermatozoa egg-1 were used in large-scale in vitro fertilisations with 190,512 ± 38,471 eggs. The sperm from a single male (145 ± 50 µL or 8.0 ± 6.8 × 108 spermatozoa) was used to fertilise the eggs. The mean hatching rate of the large-scale in vitro fertilisations was 70 ± 14 % to provide 131,540 ± 34,448 larvae per fertilisation. When unfertilised eggs were stored at room temperature the percentage of viable eggs decreased gradually and indicated the sooner eggs were fertilised after stripping the higher the viability of the eggs. The collection of sperm directly into a syringe containing modified Leibovitz significantly increased the percentage of motile spermatozoa (33.4 ± 12.2 %) compared to dilution in modified Leibovitz immediately after collection (6.6 ± 4.9 %). Senegalese sole have a pair-spawning reproductive behaviour characterised by external gamete fertilisation in close proximity with no sperm competition. The low spermatozoa egg-1 ratio required for maximum fertilisation was consistent with this reproductive behaviour and strategy. The provision of a large-scale in vitro fertilisation protocol (200 µL of sperm per 100 mL of eggs) will enable the industry to operate sustainably and implement breeding programs to improve production.

Artificial maturation, fertilization, and early development of the American eel (Anguilla rostrata)

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1121-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Oliveira ◽  
W. E. Hable
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Anguilla Rostrata ◽  
Sargasso Sea ◽  
American Eel ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Elusive Species ◽  
American Eels

Spawning for the American eel ( Anguilla rostrata (Le Sueur, 1817)) takes place in secretive locations within the Sargasso Sea, which has thus far prevented investigations of gametogenesis and early development in this ecologically and commercially important species. Attempts to induce maturation and reproduction in this species have been few and have produced limited results, with a single report of the production of gastrula-stage embryos. Here we report the successful maturation of female American eels. Maturation occurred within 13 weeks and ovulation was induced with a single injection of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP). Following in vitro fertilization, embryogenesis through hatching was observed and larvae were maintained for up to 6 days. We show that a crucial factor for successful fertilization is the stage of the oocyte at the time of induced ovulation. Oocytes that had not reached the migratory nucleus stage, or had passed this stage, were not successfully fertilized. These findings demonstrate that American eel can reproduce in the laboratory and previously untestable hypotheses pertaining to the developmental biology of this elusive species can now be explored.

Reproductive success in a reintroduced population of a critically endangered shrub, Symonanthus bancroftii (Solanaceae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qigang Ye ◽  
Eric Bunn ◽  
Siegfried L. Krauss ◽  
Kingsley W. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sterile Culture

Symonanthus bancroftii is a critically endangered dioecious shrub, with only one male and one female plant known in the wild. Micropropagated, clonal plants of the male and female parents were hand-pollinated. Seed was germinated in sterile culture and a subsequent daughter (F1) seedling was multiplied in vitro. Micropropagated plants of the original parents and daughter were reintroduced to a natural habitat site. We detail the first study of pollination biology and reproductive success in this extremely rare species. Floral morphology, flowering phenology, pollen viability, female receptivity and fruit set of reintroduced plants of S. bancroftii were investigated. Flower viability of S. bancroftii shows a 25-day maximum for male flowers, whereas non-pollinated female flowers remain viable for a maximum of 38 days (female parent) and 41 days (daughter), respectively. Flowering of reintroduced male and female plants overlaps from mid-June to early November. Pollen remained viable for at least 8 days after anther dehiscence. Maximum stigma longevity recorded was 28 days (female parent) and 39 days (daughter) and maximum ovule longevity varied from 13 days (female parent) to 28 days (daughter). The mean percentage of flowers setting fruit was 39 ± 13% for female parent plants and 48 ± 4% for daughter plants. Empirical reproductive success measures for male–daughter crosses generally exceeded those of the original parent crosses. The reproductive success of S. bancroftii so soon after reintroduction of plants is a positive sign indicating that rapid accumulation of a soil seedbank is feasible and is thus an important first step towards successful establishment of self-sustaining populations of this critically endangered species.

scholarly journals Steroidal Androgens and Nonsteroidal, Tissue-Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator, S-22, Regulate Androgen Receptor Function through Distinct Genomic and Nongenomic Signaling Pathways

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2448-2465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Narayanan ◽  
Christopher C. Coss ◽  
Muralimohan Yepuru ◽  
Jeffrey D. Kearbey ◽  
Duane D. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocyte ◽  
Muscle Weight

Abstract Androgen receptor (AR) ligands are important for the development and function of several tissues and organs. However, the poor oral bioavailability, pharmacokinetic properties, and receptor cross-reactivity of testosterone, coupled with side effects, place limits on its clinical use. Selective AR modulators (SARMs) elicit anabolic effects in muscle and bone, sparing reproductive organs like the prostate. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the tissue selectivity remain ambiguous. We performed a variety of in vitro studies to compare and define the molecular mechanisms of an aryl propionamide SARM, S-22, as compared with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Studies indicated that S-22 increased levator ani muscle weight but decreased the size of prostate in rats. Analysis of the upstream intracellular signaling events indicated that S-22 and DHT mediated their actions through distinct pathways. Modulation of these pathways altered the recruitment of AR and its cofactors to the PSA enhancer in a ligand-dependent fashion. In addition, S-22 induced Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation and rapid phosphorylation of several kinases, through pathways distinct from steroids. These studies reveal novel differences in the molecular mechanisms by which S-22, a nonsteroidal SARM, and DHT mediate their pharmacological effects.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Hemibagrus guttatus (Bagridae, Siluriformes) in the larger subtropical Pearl River based on COI and Cyt b genes analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Tianxu Kuang ◽  
Fangmin Shuai ◽  
Xinhui Li ◽  
Weitao Chen ◽  
Sovan Lek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
The Pearl River ◽  
F Statistics

Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of fish species is crucial for the sustainable use and protection of fish germplasm resources. Hemibagrus guttatus (Bagridae, Siluriformes) is widely distributed in the large subtropical Pearl River (China) and is commercially important. It's population have been declining. The genetic diversity of wild H. guttatus is not clear, despite its important ecological significance. In this paper, genes mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cyt b) were used to analyze the genetic structure of H. guttatus population collected from six geographical populations in the main streams of the Pearl River. The results showed that the nucleotide diversity (π) and haplotype diversity (Hd) of wild H. guttatus was low (π < 0.005; Hd < 0.5). In addition, H. guttatus haplotypes did not cluster into clades according to geographical distribution, as revealed by neighbor-joining tree analysis. Analysis of molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) and F-statistics (Fst) values showed high homogeneity among wild H. guttatus populations. Our results suggest that there is degradation in germplasm resources of H. guttatus that could destabilize the sustainable use of this species and there was an urgent need for conservation of this species in South China.

scholarly journals Fruit Seeds as Sources of Bioactive Compounds: Sustainable Production of High Value-Added Ingredients from By-Products within Circular Economy

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidelis ◽  
Moura ◽  
Kabbas Junior ◽  
Pap ◽  
Mattila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds

The circular economy is an umbrella concept that applies different mechanisms aiming to minimize waste generation, thus decoupling economic growth from natural resources. Each year, an estimated one-third of all food produced is wasted; this is equivalent to 1.3 billion tons of food, which is worth around US$1 trillion or even $2.6 trillion when social and economic costs are included. In the fruit and vegetable sector, 45% of the total produced amount is lost in the production (post-harvest, processing, and distribution) and consumption chains. Therefore, it is necessary to find new technological and environmentally friendly solutions to utilize fruit wastes as new raw materials to develop and scale up the production of high value-added products and ingredients. Considering that the production and consumption of fruits has increased in the last years and following the need to find the sustainable use of different fruit side streams, this work aimed to describe the chemical composition and bioactivity of different fruit seeds consumed worldwide. A comprehensive focus is given on the extraction techniques of water-soluble and lipophilic compounds and in vitro/in vivo functionalities, and the link between chemical composition and observed activity is holistically explained.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document