scholarly journals Green Manure Amendment Can Reduce Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates for Oilseed Rape in Maize–Oilseed Rape Rotation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2640
Author(s):  
Chiming Gu ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Yinshui Li ◽  
Changbin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers

Excessive use of chemical fertilizers has led to a reduction in the quality of arable land and environmental pollution. Using green manure to replace chemical fertilizers is one of the most effective solutions. To study the effect of green manure on the requirement for nitrogen fertilizer in oilseed rape, a field experiment with maize–oilseed rape rotation was conducted. Green manure was intercropped between rows of maize and returned after the maize harvest, with no green manure intercropped as control. Different nitrogen fertilizer treatments (0, 65%, 75% and 100% N rates, respectively) were applied during the oilseed rape season. The results showed that with a 35% reduction in nitrogen application rate, the rapeseed grain yield was significantly higher with the maize intercropping with green manure returned to the field than with the maize monocropping treatment at the same nitrogen level. Under conditions of intercropping and return of green manure, compared with the full standard rate of nitrogen fertilizer treatment, a reduction in nitrogen application of 25–30% in the rape season had no significant effect on rape yield. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer on oilseed rape increased significantly, by 47.61–121%, with green manure incorporation. In addition, green manure incorporation significantly increased the soil organic matter content and the soil-available nitrogen content when chemical nitrogen fertilization was abandoned. Benefit analysis showed that a 25–35% reduction in chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied to oilseed rape crops could be achieved by intercropping green manure in the maize season before the sowing of rapeseed in the experimental area. In the long-term, this measure would increase nitrogen utility, reduce production costs, and have concomitant environmental benefits of improving the quality of cultivated land.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer applied to winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) on soil mineral nitrogen after harvest and on the response of a succeeding crop of winter wheat to nitrogen fertilizer

1996 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Shepherd ◽  
R. Sylvester-Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Optimum Amount

SUMMARYSoil mineral nitrogen (Nmin) was measured to 90 cm at a total of 12 sites in the UK in the autumn after an oilseed rape experiment, which measured responses to fertilizer N. On average, Nmin, increased by 15 kg/ha per 100 kg/ha fertilizer nitrogen (N) applied to the rape, up to the economic optimum amount of N (Nmin). There were larger increases in Nmin where fertilizer applications exceeded Nopt, thus super-optimal fertilizer applications disproportionately increased the amount of nitrate likely to leach over-winter. The small effects of sub-optimal N on Nmin were associated with large increases in N offtake by the oilseed rape, whereas the larger effects of super-optimal N on Nmin were associated with only small increases in N offtake. Over 70% of the variation in autumn Nmin was explained by the previous rape's N fertilizer rate and the topsoil organic matter content.Nitrogen applied to the rape increased grain yields of the succeeding wheat crops when no further fertilizer N was applied to the wheat. It was concluded that N applied to oilseed rape significantly affected Nmin after harvest, and these effects were not completely nullified by leaching over-winter, so soil N supply to the succeeding wheat crop was significantly increased. Responses in grain yield indicated that each 100 kg/ha N applied to the rape provided N equivalent to c. 30 kg/ha for the following cereal. Each 1% of soil organic matter further contributed N to the wheat, equivalent to 25 kg/ha.It is important to ensure that oilseed rape receives no more than the optimum amount of fertilizer N if subsequent leaching is to be minimized. Reductions below optimum amounts will have only a small effect on leaching. Substantial changes in the economic optimum N for rape production should be accompanied by adjustment in fertilizer N application to following wheat crops. Fertilizer recommendation systems for wheat should take account of the fertilizer N applied to the preceding oilseed rape and the topsoil organic matter content.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer treatment and source and season on grain quality of IR64 rice

1990 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo M. Perez ◽  
Bienvenido O. Juliano ◽  
S. K. De Datta ◽  
Serafin T. Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels Affect the Growth and Quality Parameters of Astragalus mongolica

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Wang ◽  
Lucun Yang ◽  
Feng Xiong ◽  
Xiuqing Nie ◽  
Changbin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Yield And Quality

Owing to overexploitation, wild resources of Astragalus mongolica, a Chinese herbal plant that is widely distributed in the arid and semi-arid areas of Northern China, have gradually become exhausted, and therefore, commercial cultivation is increasingly important to meet the growing demand for astragalus and reduce the pressure on wild populations. Nitrogen level is an important factor that affects the yield and quality of A. mongolica. However, uniform standards for fertilization among production areas have not yet been determined. In this study, the effect of nitrogen fertilizer treatment on the yield and quality of A. mongolica in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was explored using a control treatment (no added nitrogen, N0) and five different nutrient levels: 37.5 kg/ha (N1), 75 kg/ha (N2), 112.5 kg/ha (N3), 150 kg/ha (N4), and 187.5 kg/ha (N5). According to grey relational analysis, the optimal nitrogen fertilizer treatment was the N4 level followed by the N5 and N2 levels. Nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the root biomass, plant height, root length, and root diameter. However, nitrogen fertilization had no significant effect on the content of Astragaloside IV and mullein isoflavone glucoside. The content of ononin and calycosin continually accumulated throughout the growing period. The results showed that the ononin and calycosin content under N4 and N2 is higher than other levels and there is not significantly different between different nitrogen fertilizer levels about them. The content of formononetin decreased gradually with the progression of the growing season. The optimal nitrogen fertilizer treatment for A. mongolica is recommended to be 150 kg/ha and the content of active compounds and yield were observed to reach the maximum in October.

Factors affecting the nutritional quality of crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon B. Hornick
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
And Storage

AbstractSeveral factors can directly or indirectly affect the nutritional quality of crops. Among these are soil factors, such as pH, available nutrients, texture, organic matter content and soil-water relationships; weather and climatic factors, including temperature, rainfall and light intensity; the crop and cultivar; postharvest handling and storage; and fertilizer applications and cultural practices. This paper deals primarily with fertilizer and cultural management practices, and on certain environmental factors that affect the nutritional quality of field crops and of fruits and vegetables. Earlier research that has investigated the nutritional status of crops grown with either chemical fertilizers or organic fertilizers is discussed. These studies often have given contradictory results on crop yields and on crops' mineral and vitamin contents. Other factors, such as maturity at harvest, postharvest handling and storage, anti-nutritive components, and residues of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are reviewed with respect to food safety and quality, and their implications for human and animal health. Future research needs are identified so that comparable results and valid comparisons can be obtained to identify the best management practices to ensure that food is safe and nutritious for the consumer.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Mineralization of Recirculating Aquaculture Drum Screen Effluent for Use as a Naturally-Derived Nutrient Solution in Hydroponic Cropping Systems

Conservation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-167
Author(s):  
Joseph Tetreault ◽  
Rachel Fogle ◽  
Todd Guerdat
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

Operation and effluent treatment costs are limiting factors for the success of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in meeting seafood demand in the United States. Adopting a capture-and-reuse waste management model similar to terrestrial agriculture farmers would allow RAS farmers to monetize effluent and offset production costs. The moisture content and nutrient profile of RAS effluent makes it a potential option for use as a hydroponic fertilizer. Treatment of RAS waste is needed to mineralize particulate-bound nutrients before becoming a viable hydroponic nutrient solution. Anaerobic treatment (AT), a method used by municipal and agricultural waste treatment facilities to reduce total solids, has been shown to successfully mineralize particulate-bound nutrients from RAS effluent. Continuously mixed anaerobic batch bioreactors were used to evaluate the degree to which AT may mineralize particulate-bound nutrients in solid RAS waste. Concentrations of twelve different macro- and micro-nutrients were analyzed in the waste before and after treatment. Effluent samples were analyzed to determine the fraction of each nutrient in the solid and aqueous forms. This study showed that AT is an effective method to mineralize particulate-bound nutrients in RAS effluent and the mineralization rate data may be used to design a pilot-scaled flow-through RAS effluent treatment system.

scholarly journals The Role of Trees and Pastures in Organic Agriculture

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Heckman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Tree Crops ◽  
Organic Farm

<p>Environmental concerns associated with annual row crop grain production – including soil erosion, soil carbon loss, intensive use of chemicals and petroleum, limited arable land, among others – could be addressed by converting conventional livestock production to an organic pasture based system. The inclusion of tree crops would further enhance the opportunity for feeding pasture- raised livestock by providing shelter and alternative feed sources. Biodiversity is an essential aspect of an organic farm plan. The idea of including tree crops and other perennials into the vision of an organic farm as a “living system” is very much compatible with the goals and philosophy of organic farming. Before modern no-till farming systems were developed, tree crops and pasture systems were found to provide similar benefits for controlling soil erosion and conserving soil carbon. For example, J. Russell Smith’s <em>Tree Crops: A Permanent Agriculture</em> (Smith, 1950) and pioneered tree crop agriculture as the alternative to annual row crops for protecting soils from erosion while producing livestock feed such as acorns, nuts, and fodder. A survey of Mid-Atlantic USA soils under pasture found 60% higher soil organic matter content than cultivated fields. Because United States Department of Agriculture’s National Organic Program (USDA-NOP) standards require dairy cattle consume pasture forage and limited grain (7 C.F.R. pt. 206), organic milk contains higher concentrations of omega-3 and fewer omega-6 fatty acids than conventional milk. Organic standards also state “the producer must not use lumber treated with arsenate or other prohibited materials for new [fence posts] installations or replacement purposes in contact with soil or livestock.” Black locust (<em>Robinia pseudoacacia</em>) is a fast growing renewable alternative to treated lumber with many attributes compatible with organic farming. This versatile tree fixes nitrogen (N), provides flowers for honey bees and other pollinators, and produces a highly durable dense wood ideal for fence posts useable for up to 50 year.</p>

Influence of long-term manure application on mineral composition of irrigated barley silage

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
B. W. Beasley ◽  
C. F. Drury ◽  
F. J. Larney ◽  
X. Hao
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Barley Silage

Miller, J. J., Beasley, B. W., Drury, C. F., Larney, F. and Hao, X. 2015. Influence of long-term manure application on mineral composition of irrigated barley silage. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 759–770. The long-term effect of land application of manure type (composted vs. stockpiled manure), bedding type (wood-chips vs. straw), and application rate on feed quality of barley silage as feed for beef cattle is unknown. We measured selected minerals [P, Ca, Ca:P ratio, Mg, K, K:(Ca+Mg) ratio, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu] of irrigated barley silage (Hordeum vulgare L.) on a clay loam soil after 4 (2002), 7 (2005) and 11 (2009) years of annual applications of composted (CM) or stockpiled (SM) feedlot manure with wood-chips (WD) or straw (ST) bedding at three application rates (13, 39, 77Mg ha−1 dry wt.). The treatments also included an unamended control and inorganic fertilizer treatment. Manure type generally had inconsistent or no significant (P≤0.05) effect on the concentrations of these minerals in barley silage. Most crop minerals were generally greater under ST than WD. The findings for P, K, Na, and K:(Ca+Mg) ratio generally supported our hypothesis of greater crop concentrations with greater application rate, but Ca and Mg decreased at higher rates. Overall, our findings suggest that bedding and application rate have more potential than manure type for managing the feed quality of barley silage.

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