scholarly journals Natura 2000 Areas, Road, Railway, Water, and Ecological Networks May Provide Pathways for Biological Invasion: A Country Scale Analysis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2670
Author(s):  
Péter Szilassi ◽  
Anna Soóky ◽  
Zoltán Bátori ◽  
Alida Anna Hábenczyus ◽  
Kata Frei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Ecological Networks ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Russian Olive ◽  
The Road ◽  
Tree Of Heaven

Invasive species are a major threat to biodiversity worldwide. Controlling their rapid spread can only be effective if we consider the geographical factors that influence their occurrence. For instance, roads, railway networks, green and blue infrastructure, and elements of ecological networks (e.g., ecological corridors) can facilitate the spread of invasive species. In our study, we mapped the occurrence of five invasive plant taxa (tree of heaven, common milkweed, Russian olive, black locust, and goldenrods) in Hungary, using field photos from the EUROSTAT Land Use and Coverage Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) database from the year 2015. Species point occurrence data were compared with the spatial characteristics of linear transport infrastructure and with the green and blue infrastructure. We found that the occurrence of tree of heaven and Russian olive was strongly related to the road and railway network. The average Euclidean distance of LUCAS points infected with these species from railway embankments and roads was much smaller than that of uninfected points. However, black locust and goldenrods were more common only along the road network. According to our results, the occurrence of some investigated invasive plants was over-represented in the HEN and within Natura 2000 areas of Hungary compared to non-infected points. Our results may provide important information for predicting the rate of invasion and for applying targeted management within the HEN, and Natura 2000 protected areas.

Detecting and Mapping Four Invasive Species along the Floodplain of North Platte River, Nebraska

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Narumalani ◽  
Deepak R. Mishra ◽  
Robert Wilson ◽  
Patrick Reece ◽  
Ann Kohler
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Russian Olive ◽  
Platte River ◽  
Canary Grass

Geospatial technologies are increasingly important tools used to assess the spatial distributions and predict the spread of invasive species. The objective of our research was to quantify and map four dominant invasive plant species, including saltcedar, Russian olive, Canada thistle, and musk thistle, along the flood plain of the North Platte River corridor within a 1-mile (1.6-km) buffer. Using the Airborne Imaging Spectroradiometer for Applications (AISA) hyperspectral imager (from visible to near infrared), we evaluated an image processing technique known as spectral angle mapping for mapping the invasive species distribution. A minimum noise fraction algorithm was used to remove the inherent noise and redundancy within the dataset during the classification. The classification algorithm applied on the AISA image revealed five categories of invasive species distribution including (1) saltcedar; (2) Russian olive; and a mix of (3) Canada and musk thistle, (4) Canada/musk thistle and reed canary grass, or (5) Canada/musk thistle, saltcedar, and reed canary grass. Validation procedures confirmed an overall map accuracy of 74%. Saltcedar and Russian olive classes showed producer and user accuracies of greater than 90%, whereas the mixed categories revealed accuracy values of between 35 and 74%. The immediate benefit of this research has been to provide information on the spatial distribution of invasive species to land managers for implementation of management programs. In addition, these data can be used to establish a baseline of the species distributions for future monitoring and control efforts.

scholarly journals Using Microwave Soil Heating to Inhibit Invasive Species Seed Germination

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélissa De Wilde ◽  
Elise Buisson ◽  
Nicole Yavercovski ◽  
Loïc Willm ◽  
Livia Bieder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Successful invasive plant eradication is rare, because the methods used target the adult stage, not taking into account the development capacity of a large seedbank. Heating by microwave was considered, because it offers a means to quickly reach the temperature required for loss of seed viability and inhibition of germination. Previous results were not encouraging, because homogeneous and deep-wave penetration was not achieved, and the various parameters that can affect treatment effectiveness were incompletely addressed. This study aimed to determine, under experimental conditions, the best microwave treatment to inhibit invasive species seed germination in terms of power (2, 4, 6 kW) and duration (2, 4, 8 min) of treatments and depending on soil moisture (10%, 13%, 20%, 30%) and seed burial depth (2, 12 cm). Three invasive species were tested: Bohemian knotweed, giant goldenrod, and jimsonweed. The most effective treatments required relatively high power and duration (2kW8min, 4kW4min, 6kW2min, and 6kW4min; 4kW8min and 6kW8min were not tested for technical reasons), and their effectiveness diminished with increasing soil moisture with germination percentage between 0% and 2% for the lowest soil moisture, 0% and 56% for intermediate soil moisture, and 27% and 68% in control treatments. For the highest soil moisture, only 2kW8min and 4kW4min reduced germination percentage between 2% and 19%. Occasionally, germination of seeds located at the 12-cm depth was more strongly affected. Giant goldenrod seeds were the most sensitive, probably due to their small size. Results are promising and justify further experiments before developing a field microwave device to treat large volumes of soil infested by invasive seed efficiently and with reasonable energy requirements. Other types of soil, in terms of texture and organic matter content, should be tested in future experiments, because these factors influence soil water content and, consequently, microwave heating.

scholarly journals INVASIVE PLANTS - A BOON OR BANE TO THE LEPIDOPTERON FAUNA: CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN SUGGESTIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
Arjun C.P ◽  
Anoop V.K ◽  
Tijo K.J ◽  
Anoopkumar T.K ◽  
Roshnath R
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Long Run

Butterfly diversity was recorded from Nov (2013) - May (2014) in Pookode region. A total number of 128 species recorded from the five families; Nymphalidae (46 species) Lycaenidae (28 species), Hesperiidae (22 species), Pieridae (17 species) and Papilionidae (15 species) respectively. During the survey invasive plant species were also recorded. There were 36 species of invasive plants from 18 families identified from the study area. More butterflies were attracted towards nectar offering invasive plants. Chromolaena odorata, Ipomea cairica, Lantana camara, Merremia vitifolia, Mikania micrantha, Mimosa diplotricha, Pennisetumpolystachyon, Pteridium aquilinum, Quisqualis indica and Sphagneticola trilobata were the major invasive plants found in the Pookode region and their flower attracts butterfly for pollination. Even though nectar offered by the plants are supportive for growth, in long run these species can affect butterfly population bydeclining native host larval plant species for butterfly reproduction. Invasive species compete with the native flora and reduce its population. Management practices like physical, chemical and modern bio control measures could be used for eradicating of invasive plants. Wise use of invasive plants for other economical purpose such as bio-fuel, medicinal purpose, bio-pesticide and handicraft could be suggested. Successful management of invasive species are needed for conserving Lepidoptera fauna and other native biota of the area.

scholarly journals Problems of transporting heavy containers by road transport in Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Boris Sergeevich Petrov ◽  
Alexander Valentinovich Galin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Maximum Mass ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Axle Loads ◽  
Freight Vehicles

The article considers the problem of heavy cargo transporting as an integral part of functioning of industry in the country. The transportation of such types of cargo is regulated by the legislation related to the national transport infrastructure. There have been considered the ways of transporting heavy sea containers by road transport in the Russian Federation. Definitions of the divisible and indivisible cargo, the maximum mass of the road train have been given, the indicators of the maximum permissible mass of the vehicle and the axle load on the roads of Russia, approved by legislative acts of the Russian Federation, have been presented. The issues of the correct choice of freight vehicles and compliance with the rules for transportation of heavy cargo, in particular compliance with the permissible total weight and axle loads, have been considered. There has been proposed the method for calculating axle loads and the solution to the problem of redistributing axle loads by moving the seat of the towing vehicle, transporting a heavy sea container by train being used as the example. The obtained values make it possible to estimate the possibility of carrying heavy cargo without violating standards approved by the legislation of Russia

scholarly journals FROM THE HISTORY OF THE OPENING OF VLADIKAVKAZ RAILWAY

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Ф.С. Киреев
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
History Of ◽  
Privately Owned

В статье анализируются причины строительства Владикавказской железной дороги и механизм сооружения этой важной железнодорожной артерии. Актуальность темы анализа истории развития железнодорожной сети Северо-Кавказского региона определяется необходимостью подробного изучения проблем ее социально-экономического развития. Строительство Ростово-Владикавказской железной дороги также является примером государственно-частного сотрудничества, которое хорошо себя оправдало. Дорога была построена полностью за счет средств акционеров, среди которых были как крупные промышленники, так и простые обыватели. Находясь в частной собственности, Владикавказская железная дорога хорошо функционировала и развивалась. При этом государство получило важную транспортную артерию, имевшую большое экономическое и военно-стратегическое значение. Немаловажным было и то, что за счет Владикавказской железной дороги был построен ряд социальных объектов – больницы, учебные заведения. В статье также показана заинтересованность общественности Владикавказа и региона в целом в строительстве железной дороги. Различные варианты прокладки пути, строительства станций широко обсуждались как специалистами, так и простыми горожанами. В итоге был выбран наиболее оптимальный путь и месторасположения станции Владикавказ. В свое время, благодаря открытию Владикавказской железной дороги, был дан заметный импульс дальнейшему развитию торговли и промышленности на Северном Кавказе. Последующее расширение транспортных артерий уже в наши дни может существенно оживить экономику Кавказа и России в целом, а также внести свой вклад в деле развития туризма в регионе. В связи с этим и необходимо анализировать историю строительства Владикавказской железной дороги и перенимать лучший опыт прошлого. The article analyzes the reasons for constructing Vladikavkaz railway and the mechanism of constructing this important railway artery. The topic relevance of studying the history of the railway network in the North Caucasus is determined by the necessity for further problem research of its socio-economic development. In its time Vladikavkaz railway had a huge impact on the development of trade and industry in the North Caucasus. The construction of the Rostov-Vladikavkaz railway is also an example of public-private cooperation, which has paid off well. The road was built entirely at the expense of shareholders, among whom were both large industrialists and ordinary people. Being privately owned, the Vladikavkaz railway functioned and developedwell. At the same time, the state acquired an important transport artery of great economic and military-strategic importance. It was also important that a number of social facilities were built at the expense of the Vladikavkaz railway - hospitals, educational institutions. The article also shows the interest of the public in Vladikavkaz and the region as a whole in the construction of the railway. Various options for laying the track, building stations were widely discussed by both specialists and ordinary citizens. As a result, the most optimal route and location of the Vladikavkaz station were chosen. Further expansion of transport arteries today can significantly revive the economy of the Caucasus and Russia as a whole, as well as contribute to the development of tourism in the region. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the history of constructing Vladikavkaz railway and adopt the best experience of the past.

scholarly journals MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA'S ROAD SECTOR: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-11
Author(s):  
Наталья Борисова ◽  
Natal'ya Borisova ◽  
Елена Егорова ◽  
Elena Egorova ◽  
Александр Борисов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Advanced Development

The article considers the most important component of the transport infrastructure - the road infrastructure, which at the same time is one of the most important spheres of economic activity. The socio-economic development of the Russian Federation has been studied, requiring advanced development and modernization of the road network as part of the transport infrastructure of the country and world space, as well as improving the technical level of road construction.

The Beginning of the Formation of the Railway Network in the North Caucasus

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Zabelin
Keyword(s):  
Main Line ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
Further Development

The problem of the need for construction of railways in the North Caucasus as a strategically and economically important enterprise for maintaining and developing the viability of the region is considered. Preconditions and opinions on the appropriateness of railway connection are given. To achieve this goal in the region, it was decided to establish a new joint-stock company of the Rostov-Vladikavkaz railway. The dynamics is investigated from planning, choosing the final direction from those proposed by the engineers who carried out surveys on the ground, to the actual opening of permanent traffic on the first (main) line of the Rostov-on-Don - Vladikavkaz Society - the first highway that connected the Caucasus with the central part of the state in 1875 ... A brief description of this path is given. The geography of the line was investigated. Some stages of further development are given, the results and opinions obtained during the operation of the road are summed up. The issue of location and development of the Rostov railway junction is considered. Already in the first years of operation, the enormous potential of railway transport in the North Caucasus was obvious, not only strategically, but also as an economically important enterprise that opened up new opportunities for the development of the region, which in turn made the railway the main industrial giant.

scholarly journals Shaping the Common Ground: State-Building, the Railway Network, and Regional Development in Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-296
Author(s):  
Eduard J. Alvarez-Palau ◽  
Jordi Martí-Henneberg
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
The Common ◽  
Municipal Level

Transport infrastructure played a key role in redefining Finland’s economic geography. An empirical investigation involving new gis databases that combine data about railways, population, and administrative boundaries at the municipal level between 1870 and 2000 permits the identification of three main phases of railway expansion: The first phase was a concentration of railways around Helsinki; the second, the construction of a grid-based national railway network, which coincided with a spread of the population into rural areas; and the third, an expansion of the railway into local networks when Finland’s industry began to coalesce around metropolitan areas.

scholarly journals The late flowering of invasive species contributes to the increase of Artemisia allergenic pollen in autumn: an analysis of 25 years of aerobiological data (1995–2019) in Trentino-Alto Adige (Northern Italy)

Aerobiologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Cristofori ◽  
Edith Bucher ◽  
Michele Rossi ◽  
Fabiana Cristofolini ◽  
Veronika Kofler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Pollen Season ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Allergenic Pollen ◽  
Pollen Concentration ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Negative Impacts

AbstractArtemisia pollen is an important aeroallergen in late summer, especially in central and eastern Europe where distinct anemophilous Artemisia spp. produce high amounts of pollen grains. The study aims at: (i) analyzing the temporal pattern of and changes in the Artemisia spp. pollen season; (ii) identifying the Artemisia species responsible for the local airborne pollen load.Daily pollen concentration of Artemisia spp. was analyzed at two sites (BZ and SM) in Trentino-Alto Adige, North Italy, from 1995 to 2019.The analysis of airborne Artemisia pollen concentrations evidences the presence of a bimodal curve, with two peaks, in August and September, respectively. The magnitude of peak concentrations varies across the studied time span for both sites: the maximum concentration at the September peak increases significantly for both the BZ (p < 0.05) and SM (p < 0.001) site. The first peak in the pollen calendar is attributable to native Artemisia species, with A. vulgaris as the most abundant; the second peak is mostly represented by the invasive species A. annua and A. verlotiorum (in constant proportion along the years), which are causing a considerable increase in pollen concentration in the late pollen season in recent years.. The spread of these species can affect human health, increasing the length and severity of allergenic pollen exposure in autumn, as well as plant biodiversity in both natural and cultivated areas, with negative impacts on, e.g., Natura 2000 protected sites and crops.

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