scholarly journals Seed Dormancy Breaking and Germination in Bituminaria basaltica and B. bituminosa (Fabaceae)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Carruggio ◽  
Andrea Onofri ◽  
Carmen Impelluso ◽  
Gianpietro Giusso del Galdo ◽  
Giovanni Scopece ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Palisade Cell ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
And Storage

Most legumes are well-known for the physical dormancy of their seeds; hence, the implementation of appropriate scarification techniques is essential for introducing new legume crops within agricultural systems. This study investigated morpho-anatomical traits and dormancy-breaking requirements in two taxa of the genus Bituminaria: the widespread B. bituminosa and the point endemic B. basaltica. As the species under investigation show monospermic indehiscent legumes, pods were used in this research. We performed pod trait measurements, light microscopy observations on the seed coat anatomical structure, and germination tests after mechanical, thermal, and chemical scarification treatments for seed dormancy breaking. Moreover, germination performance at different pod maturity stages and storage times was tested. Differences in morpho-anatomical traits were found, with B. basaltica having a thicker palisade cell layer and B. bituminosa showing larger pods. All of the scarification treatments proved to be able to break physical dormancy, with mechanical and chemical scarification being the most effective methods in both species. Nevertheless, dormancy-breaking treatments performed better in B. bituminosa. Seeds at early pod maturity stages showed higher germination capacity in both species. Overall, this research provided background knowledge on seed collection time, storage strategy, and effective pre-sowing treatment, which might contribute to enhance propagation and use of Bituminaria species for multiple purposes. Under this perspective, the future characterization of additional Bituminaria genetic resources from other Mediterranean populations will have remarkable importance.

scholarly journals Seed anatomy and water uptake and their relation to seed dormancy of Ormosia paraensis Ducke

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-245
Author(s):  
Breno Marques da Silva e Silva ◽  
Camila de Oliveira e Silva ◽  
Fabiola Vitti Môro ◽  
Roberval Daiton Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Palisade Layer ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Seed Physiology ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Hydrophobic Substances

Abstract: Ormosia paraensis Ducke has ornamental seeds widely used in the manufacture of bio-jewels and wood used in the furniture industry. For seedling production, the information on its seed physiology is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess methods for breaking dormancy and relate them to integument structure and water uptake by O. paraensis seeds. Seed dormancy-breaking was performed by mechanical scarification and soaking in sulfuric acid for 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes. Dormancy‐broken seeds were compared with intact seeds. Seed integument is formed by a cuticle (hydrophobic substances), epidermis (macroesclereids of the palisade layer,), hypodermis (osteosclereids), and parenchyma cells. Intact seeds did not absorb water after 72 hours of soaking. The highest percentages and rates of seed germination were observed in treatments with mechanical scarification and soaking in sulfuric acid for 60 or 120 minutes. Seed soaking in sulfuric acid (H2SO4 p.a. 98.08%) for 60 or 120 minutes or mechanical scarification are adequate to overcome physical dormancy associated with O. paraensis seed integument impermeability to water or gases.

scholarly journals Using automated sanding to homogeneously break seed dormancy in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L., Fabaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier P. Bouteiller ◽  
Annabel J. Porté ◽  
Stéphanie Mariette ◽  
Arnaud Monty
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Dry Heating ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Short Time

AbstractPhysical dormancy of Robinia pseudoacacia seeds makes it a challenge for scientists and forest managers to obtain a homogeneous germination for larger seed samples. Water imbibition of the seeds can be achieved through manual piercing of the seed coat, but this method remains time consuming and heterogeneous. We tested several ecologically friendly methods to break seed dormancy, including manual pin puncture, water soaking, oven dry-heating (two temperatures) and sanding. Sanding was performed using an automatic grinder to control shaking duration (three durations) and get a homogeneous scraping of the coat. All methods, except dry-heating, resulted in successful dormancy breaking; water soaking was the least efficient method, attaining 57% germination. Sanding proved to be as efficient as puncturing (97%) but long duration sanding (10 or 15 min) could damage cotyledons, which would impede further development of the plant. Short-time sanding (5 min) proved to be the best method to reach high total germination and healthy (undamaged cotyledon) seedlings, and was successfully applied to 500 seeds. The reference puncture method and the automatic sanding were also tested on seeds of nine Fabaceae species and proved to be efficient for some species. Automated sanding can thus be used as a standard to break physical dormancy of black locust or other Fabaceae seeds to allow further comparative studies of plant populations or genotypes.

Seed dormancy and storage behaviour in tropical Fabaceae: a study of 100 species from Sri Lanka

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M.G. Gehan Jayasuriya ◽  
Asanga S.T.B. Wijetunga ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
The World ◽  
And Storage

AbstractSeeds of legumes are generally considered to have physical dormancy and to be orthodox, but most seed biologists are unaware of the various kinds and combinations of dormancy and storage behaviour in seeds of this family. The aim of our study was to document the dormancy and storage behaviour of seeds of 100 native and introduced tropical Fabaceae species in Sri Lanka and classify them into germination/storage behaviour categories. Moisture content (MC) was < 16% for fresh seeds of 94 species and >29% for those of six. Seeds of these six species had low tolerance for desiccation and for low temperatures. Thus, seeds of six species are non-orthodox and 94 species orthodox. Nine of the 100 species were non-dormant, and 2, 3 and 86 had physiological, physiological epicotyl and physical dormancy, respectively. Six germination/storage behaviour categories were identified among the 100 species. However, as in extratropical regions of the world, orthodox storage behaviour and physical dormancy are characteristic of seeds of the majority of species of Fabaceae in tropical Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals Pre-germination Treatments, Quality of Light and Temperature on Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc. Seeds Germination

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Jorge M. P. Porto ◽  
Viviane L. Oliveira ◽  
Michele L. Souza ◽  
Rafaeli A. V. Souza ◽  
Adriana Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Process Solutions

Studies show that most species of palm trees present seed dormancy. This characteristic hinders the production of seedlings, due to the long period for germination and the unevenness of the seedlings. The specie Syagrus coronata, despite being widely used as food and economic resources, presents also seed dormancy, which hinders its propagation. Thus, this work aimed at evaluating the germination of S. coronata seeds using different methods of dormancy breaking and also, under different qualities of light and temperature. To do so, the seed endocarps were scarified by friction, puncture and complete removal of the endocarp, and the pre-soaking of seeds at different concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1) of gibberellic acid (GA3) and indolebutyric acid (IBA). We also evaluated the effect of germination in seeds exposed to different conditions of light (white, red, far red, blue and dark) and to different temperatures (25, 30, 35 and 20-30 °C). The data show that the act of rubbing the endocarp optimizes the seed germination process. Solutions containing growth regulators in the pre-soaking of seeds have a negative impact on germination. And the absence of light and the constant temperature of 25 °C are the most suitable for germination. The results indicate that S. coronata seeds have physical dormancy, and, despite obtaining greater germination in the dark, they are neutral photoblastic.

scholarly journals Effects of different treatments on seed dormancy breaking and germination in Acer cappadocicum Gleditsch var. cappadocicum

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Hanife Erdogan Genç ◽  
Ali Ömer Üçler
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Germination Value ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Collection Time

This study was carried out to determine effects of different pretreatment on seed germination and to overcome dormancy in Acer cappadocicum seeds. The seeds were collected in 2008 three times with aproximately 15-days intervals. In order to overcome dormancy, several germination treatments were applied. The treatments were (1) different seed collection time, (2)soaking in water, (3) cold-moist stratification and (4) GA<sub>3</sub> (gibberellic acid) application. The treated seeds were germinated in growing chamber at 5 <sup>0</sup>C and in greenhouse conditions. This research showed that seeds of Acer cappadocicum exhibit physiological dormancy and require stratification period to overcome seed dormancy. The highest germination percentage in the growing chamber subjected to GA<sub>3</sub> process after eight weeks of stratification treatment was 62 % for Acer cappadocicum seeds. The highest germination percentage in greenhouse was obtained with cold stratification after eight weeks (95 %). It was found out that GA<sub>3</sub> treatment had a significant effect on germination in growth chamber + 5 <sup>0</sup>C but GA<sub>3</sub> treatment didn’t have a significant effect on germination in greenhouse conditions. GA<sub>3</sub> treatment and soaking of unstratified seeds in water for 48 hr didn’t have any positive effect on germination value in greenhouse conditions. Although growth chamber and green house results both indicated that seed collection time did not seem to play a role as statistically on seed germination, Duncan’s test showed that the third seed collection time was in a different group.

Investigation of variable storage conditions for cultivated northern wild rice and their effects on seed viability and dormancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Lillian McGilp ◽  
Jacques Duquette ◽  
Daniel Braaten ◽  
Jennifer Kimball ◽  
Raymond Porter
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
And Storage

AbstractCultivated northern wild rice (NWR; Zizania palustris L.) has been bred and studied since the 1950s. One challenge facing researchers is the lack of storage options, due to the seed's unorthodox behaviour. This study evaluated varying storage temperature and moisture conditions for the maintenance of seed viability and dormancy breaking in Minnesota-grown NWR. First, seeds were placed in non-submerged, freezing storage (NSFS) for 12–26 weeks, then in submerged, cold storage (SCS) for 2 weeks. The addition of SCS increased germination (%G) relative to NSFS alone (<0.1% NSFS, 15% NSFS and SCS), indicating that NSFS does not kill seeds but also does not break seed dormancy. Next, the required length of SCS was evaluated by placing seeds in NSFS for 12 weeks and then in SCS for 2–14 weeks. A longer SCS period increased %G from 3 to 79%, at 2 and 14 weeks of SCS, respectively. Lastly, seeds were placed in NSFS, followed by SCS, at varying intervals over a 29-week period. Across lines, germination increased from 20 to 76% between 4 and 7 weeks of SCS, respectively, then plateaued. The results of this study indicate that NSFS could be used to store NWR seeds, but at least 7 weeks in SCS is required to overcome dormancy. Additionally, while NSFS did not break seed dormancy, physiological changes related to stratification processes were occurring in non-submerged, freezing conditions. Results also suggest that the genotypic variation in NWR could be utilized for selection to improve germination and storage viability.

Temporal changes in velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seed dormancy

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cardina ◽  
Denise H. Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Maturation Time ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Over Time

Primary physical dormancy caused by seed coat impermeability to water is a major reason for the persistence of velvetleaf in soil seedbanks. Understanding temporal trends in seed dormancy status will help predict potential emergence in the spring. Experiments were begun in 1992 and 1993 to determine the effects of velvetleaf seed maturation time, storage environment, and storage duration on changes in seed dormancy and germination over 20 mo. Seeds buried 1 and 10 cm deep exhibited a 30 to 70% decline in physical dormancy from maturity until winter, little change in dormancy from winter through the following summer, and a further decline the next autumn. The loss of physical dormancy was more rapid for early than for late maturing seeds and more rapid in 1992 than in 1993. Physical dormancy of seeds held at 4 C declined steadily, at a rate of approximately 0.8% per day, over the course of the study. Germination of seeds buried 1 cm averaged 23 to 37% in the first spring after harvest, which was equivalent to 68 to 100% of seeds that had lost physical dormancy over autumn and winter. The percentage of seeds with enforced dormancy reflected the loss of physical dormancy during autumn and the loss of seeds to germination during spring and summer. Additional information on how autumn temperature and moisture conditions influence the pattern of dormancy decline could aid in explaining the variation in velvetleaf infestations over time.

scholarly journals Use of Families of Euphorbiaceae for the Production of Biodiesel in Semiarid Areas

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Noé Anes García ◽  
Antonio Luis Marqués Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Semiarid Areas ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Improved Characteristics ◽  
Made In

In recent years, developments made to reduce the consequences generated using petroleum products have been strengthening; therefore, biofuels have become a requirement in different countries worldwide with the objective of reducing not only the high levels of current pollution, but also mitigating the effects generated by global warming. Despite the advances that have been made in the field of research on Jatropha, it is still necessary to carry out more detailed studies aimed at achieving a better use of it, identifying the influence of its physical–chemical properties in terms of quality levels, as well as determining its behavior when mixed with palm oil to achieve a biodiesel with better yields, whose impact will be reflected mainly in the environmental field, helping to mitigate the production of greenhouse gases that are produced by petroleum products. Although currently the biofuels sector has made important advances in research, it is necessary to deepen the physical–chemical analyses both in the production and storage processes of biodiesel, so that in the future it can be fully fulfilled with the energy requirements that are currently only achieved with fossil fuels, so it is necessary to direct this research toward the development of new products with improved characteristics, especially when exposed to prolonged storage times and low temperatures.

Seed dormancy in four Tibetan Plateau Vicia species and characterization of physiological changes in response of seeds to environmental factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Hu ◽  
Tingshan Li ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Yanrong Wang ◽  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
High Germination ◽  
One Year ◽  
Hydrotime Model ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

AbstractAlthough seed dormancy of temperate legumes is well understood, less is known about it in species that grow in subalpine/alpine areas. This study investigated dormancy and germination of four Vicia species from the Tibetan Plateau. Fresh seeds of V. sativa were permeable to water, whereas those of V. angustifolia, V. amoena and V. unijuga had physical dormancy (PY). One year of dry storage increased the proportion of impermeable seeds in V. angustifolia, but showed no effect on seed coat permeability in V. amoena or V. unijuga. Seeds of all four species also had non-deep physiological dormancy (PD), which was especially apparent in the two annuals at a high germination temperature (20°C). After 1 year of storage, PD had been lost. The hydrotime model showed that fresh seeds obtained a significantly higher median water potential [Ψb(50)] than stored seeds, implying that PD prevents germination in winter for seeds dispersed without PY when water availability is limited. After 6 months on the soil surface in the field, a high proportion of permeable seeds remained ungerminated, further suggesting that PD plays a key role in preventing germination after dispersal. Addition of fluridone, an inhibitor of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, evened-out the differences in germination between fresh and stored seeds, which points to the key role of ABA biosynthesis in maintaining dormancy. Further, fresh seeds were more sensitive to exogenous ABA than stored seeds, indicating that storage decreased embryo sensitivity to ABA. On the other hand, the gibberellic acid GA3 increased germination rate, which implies that embryo sensitivity to GA is also involved in seed dormancy regulation. This study showed that PY, PD or their combination (PY+PD) plays a key role in timing germination after dispersal, and that different intensities of dormancy occur among these four Vicia species from the Tibetan Plateau.

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