Phytotoxicity, Morphological, and Metabolic Effects of the Sesquiterpenoid Nerolidol on Arabidopsis thaliana Seedling Roots

Natural herbicides that are based on allelopathy of compounds, can offer effective alternatives to chemical herbicides towards sustainable agricultural practices. Nerolidol, a sesquiterpenoid alcohol synthesized by many plant families, was shown to be the most effective allelopathic compound in a preliminary screening performed with several other sesquiterpenoids. In the present study, Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings were treated for 14 d with various cis-nerolidol concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 µM) to investigate its effects on root growth and morphology. To probe the underlying changes in root metabolome, we conducted untargeted gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomics to find out the specificity or multi-target action of this sesquiterpenoid alcohol. Oxidative stress (measured as levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) by-product) and antioxidant enzyme activities, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were also evaluated in the roots. Nerolidol showed an IC50 (120 µM), which can be considered low for natural products. Nerolidol caused alterations in root morphology, brought changes in auxin balance, induced changes in sugar, amino acid, and carboxylic acid profiles, and increased the levels of H2O2 and MDA in root tissues in a dose-dependent manner. Several metabolomic-scale changes induced by nerolidol support the multi-target action of nerolidol, which is a positive feature for a botanical herbicide. Though it warrants further mechanistic investigation, nerolidol is a promising compound for developing a new natural herbicide.

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Calligonum polygonoides L. Shrubs Provide Species-Specific Facilitation for the Understory Plants in Coastal Ecosystem

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology9080232 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 232 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad ◽

Younes M. Rashad ◽

Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem ◽

Sami A. Al-Barati ◽

Abdulaziz M. Assaeed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Data ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Root Extract ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Facilitative Effect ◽

Understory Species ◽

Understory Plants ◽

Species Specific ◽

Associated Species

Plant facilitation has a pivotal role in regulating species coexistence, particularly under arid environments. The present study aimed to evaluate the facilitative effect of Calligonum polygonoides L. on its understory plants in coastal habitat. Forty Calligonum shrubs were investigated and the environmental data (soil temperature, moisture, pH, salinity, carbon and nitrogen content, and light intensity), vegetation composition, and diversity of associated species were recorded under- and outside canopies. Eight of the most frequent understory species were selected for evaluating their response to the facilitative effect of C. polygonoides. Bioactive ingredients of Calligonum roots were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and mycorrhizal biodiversity in their rhizosphere soil was also assessed. The effect of Calligonum on understory plants ranged between facilitation and inhibition in an age-dependent manner. Old shrubs facilitated 18 and inhibited 18 associated species, while young shrubs facilitated 13 and inhibited 9 species. Calligonum ameliorated solar radiation and high-temperature stresses for the under canopy plants. Moreover, soil moisture was increased by 509.52% and 85.71%, while salinity was reduced by 47.62% and 23.81% under old and young shrubs, respectively. Soil contents of C and N were increased under canopy. This change in the microenvironment led to photosynthetic pigments induction in the majority of understory species. However, anthocyanin, proline contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities were reduced in plants under canopy. Thirteen mycorrhizal fungal species were identified in the rhizospheric soil of Calligonum with the predominance of Funneliformis mosseae. Thirty-one compounds were identified in Calligonum root extract in which pyrogallol and palmitic acid, which have antimicrobial and allelopathic activities, were the major components. The obtained results demonstrated that facilitation provided by Calligonum is mediated with multiple mechanisms and included a set of interrelated scenarios that took place in a species-specific manner.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Gene expression changes in Arabidopsis thaliana seedling roots exposed to the munition hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1033279.375224 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Seth J Davis

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Seedling Roots

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Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Exhaled Breath Compounds after Whole Grain Diets

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092667 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2667

Author(s):

Kaisa Raninen ◽

Ringa Nenonen ◽

Elina Järvelä-Reijonen ◽

Kaisa Poutanen ◽

Hannu Mykkänen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Wheat Bread ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Exhaled breath is a potential noninvasive matrix to give new information about metabolic effects of diets. In this pilot study, non-targeted analysis of exhaled breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was made by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCxGC-MS) to explore compounds relating to whole grain (WG) diets. Nine healthy subjects participated in the dietary intervention with parallel crossover design, consisting of two high-fiber diets containing whole grain rye bread (WGR) or whole grain wheat bread (WGW) and 1-week control diets with refined wheat bread (WW) before both diet periods. Large interindividual differences were detected in the VOC composition. About 260 VOCs were detected from exhaled breath samples, in which 40 of the compounds were present in more than half of the samples. Various derivatives of benzoic acid and phenolic compounds, as well as some furanones existed in exhaled breath samples only after the WG diets, making them interesting compounds to study further.

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Volatile 1-octanol of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) fuels cell division and indole-3-acetic acid production in phylloplane isolate Pseudomonas sp. NEEL19

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82442-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Poovarasan Neelakandan ◽

Chiu-Chung Young ◽

Asif Hameed ◽

Yu-Ning Wang ◽

Kui-Nuo Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Cell Division ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Tea Leaves ◽

Acetic Acid Production ◽

Iaa Production ◽

Solvent Tolerant ◽

Indole 3 Acetic Acid

AbstractTea leaves possess numerous volatile organic compounds (VOC) that contribute to tea’s characteristic aroma. Some components of tea VOC were known to exhibit antimicrobial activity; however, their impact on bacteria remains elusive. Here, we showed that the VOC of fresh aqueous tea leaf extract, recovered through hydrodistillation, promoted cell division and tryptophan-dependent indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production in Pseudomonas sp. NEEL19, a solvent-tolerant isolate of the tea phylloplane. 1-octanol was identified as one of the responsible volatiles stimulating cell division, metabolic change, swimming motility, putative pili/nanowire formation and IAA production, through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, microscopy and partition petri dish culture analyses. The bacterial metabolic responses including IAA production increased under 1-octanol vapor in a dose-dependent manner, whereas direct-contact in liquid culture failed to elicit such response. Thus, volatile 1-octanol emitting from tea leaves is a potential modulator of cell division, colonization and phytohormone production in NEEL19, possibly influencing the tea aroma.

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Airway synthesis of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid: metabolism by cyclooxygenase to a bronchodilator

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.1999.276.2.l280 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 276 (2) ◽

pp. L280-L288 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Elizabeth R. Jacobs ◽

Richard M. Effros ◽

John R. Falck ◽

K. Malla Reddy ◽

William B. Campbell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Airway Resistance ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid ◽

Polar Metabolites ◽

H 20

Rabbit airway tissue is a particularly rich source of cytochrome P-4504A protein, but very little information regarding the effect(s) of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) on bronchial tone is available. Our studies examined the response of rabbit bronchial rings to 20-HETE and the metabolism of arachidonic acid and 20-HETE from airway microsomes. 20-HETE (10−8 to 10−6 M) produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of bronchial rings precontracted with KCl or histamine but not with carbachol. Relaxation to 20-HETE was blocked by indomethacin or epithelium removal, consistent with the conversion of 20-HETE to a bronchial relaxant by epithelial cyclooxygenase. A cyclooxygenase product of 20-HETE also elicited relaxation of bronchial rings. [14C]arachidonic acid was converted by airway microsomes to products that comigrated with authentic 20-HETE (confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as 19- and 20-HETE) and to unidentified polar metabolites. [3H]20-HETE was metabolized to indomethacin-inhibitable products. These data suggest that 20-HETE is an endogenous product of rabbit airway tissue and may modulate airway resistance in a cyclooxygenase-dependent manner.

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Ca2+-Dependent Protein Kinase 6 Enhances KAT2 Shaker Channel Activity in Arabidopsis thaliana

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22041596 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 1596

Author(s):

Elsa Ronzier ◽

Claire Corratgé-Faillie ◽

Frédéric Sanchez ◽

Christian Brière ◽

Tou Cheu Xiong

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Resonance Energy Transfer ◽

Resonance Energy ◽

Physical Interaction ◽

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

In Planta ◽

Knock Out ◽

Calcium Dependent ◽

Dependent Protein

Post-translational regulations of Shaker-like voltage-gated K+ channels were reported to be essential for rapid responses to environmental stresses in plants. In particular, it has been shown that calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) regulate Shaker channels in plants. Here, the focus was on KAT2, a Shaker channel cloned in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, where is it expressed namely in the vascular tissues of leaves. After co-expression of KAT2 with AtCPK6 in Xenopuslaevis oocytes, voltage-clamp recordings demonstrated that AtCPK6 stimulates the activity of KAT2 in a calcium-dependent manner. A physical interaction between these two proteins has also been shown by Förster resonance energy transfer by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FRET-FLIM). Peptide array assays support that AtCPK6 phosphorylates KAT2 at several positions, also in a calcium-dependent manner. Finally, K+ fluorescence imaging in planta suggests that K+ distribution is impaired in kat2 knock-out mutant leaves. We propose that the AtCPK6/KAT2 couple plays a role in the homeostasis of K+ distribution in leaves.

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Sirt5 deficiency causes post-translational protein malonylation and dysregulated cellular metabolism in chondrocytes under obesity conditions

10.1101/2020.11.30.404103 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shouan Zhu ◽

Albert Batushansky ◽

Anita Jopkiewicz ◽

Dawid Makosa ◽

Kenneth M. Humphries ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cellular Metabolism ◽

Tca Cycle ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Joint Injury ◽

Primary Chondrocytes ◽

Wide Range ◽

Chondrocyte Metabolism ◽

High Concentrations

ABSTRACTObjectiveObesity accelerates the development of osteoarthritis (OA) during aging and is associated with altered chondrocyte cellular metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) in regulating chondrocyte protein lysine malonylation (MaK) and cellular metabolism under obesity-related conditions.MethodsMaK and SIRT5 were immunostained in knee articular cartilage of obese db/db mice and different aged C57BL6 mice with or without destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery to induce OA. Primary chondrocytes were isolated from 7-day-old WT and Sirt5−/− mice and treated with varying concentrations of glucose and insulin to mimic obesity. Sirt5-dependent effects on MaK and metabolism were evaluated by Western blot, Seahorse Respirometry, and gas/chromatography-mass/spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolic profiling.ResultsMaK was significantly increased in cartilage of db/db mice and in chondrocytes treated with high concentrations of glucose and insulin (GluhiInshi). Sirt5 protein was increased in an age-dependent manner following joint injury, and Sirt5 deficient primary chondrocytes had increased MaK, decreased glycolysis rate, and reduced basal mitochondrial respiration. GC-MS identified 41 metabolites. Sirt5 deficiency altered 13 distinct metabolites under basal conditions and 18 metabolites under GluhiInshi treatment. Pathway analysis identified a wide range of Sirt5-dependent altered metabolic pathways that include amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle, and glycolysis.ConclusionThis study provides the first evidence that Sirt5 broadly regulates chondrocyte metabolism. We observed changes in Sirt5 and MaK levels in cartilage with obesity and joint injury, suggesting that the Sirt5-MaK pathway may contribute to altered chondrocyte metabolism that occurs during OA development.

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Demethylzeylasteral (T-96) Initiates Extrinsic Apoptosis Against Prostate Cancer cells by Inducing ROS-Mediated ER Stress and Suppressing Autophagic Flux

10.21203/rs.3.rs-298068/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dong-Lin Yang ◽

Ya-jun Zhang ◽

Liu-jun He ◽

Chun-sheng Hu ◽

Li-xia Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Er Stress ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Autophagic Flux ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Mechanistic Investigation ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Extrinsic Apoptosis ◽

Pharmacologically Active

Abstract Demethylzeylasteral (T-96), a pharmacologically active triterpenoid monomer extracted from Tripterygiumwilfordii Hook F (TWHF), has been reported to exhibit anti-neoplastic effect on several types of cancer cells. However,whether it has the anti-tumour capability in human Prostate cancer (CaP)cells and what’s the precise regulatory mechanisms underlying the anti-proliferation effect of T-96 on human CaP. In the current study, T-96 exerted significant cytotoxicity to CaP cells in vitro and induced cell cycle arrest at S-phase in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, mechanistic investigation indicated that through inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), T-96 significantly promoted autophagy initiation while blocked the autophagic flux and finally caused extrinsic apoptosis in CaP cells, implying that ER stress induced byT-96 initiated caspase dependent apoptosis to inhibit CaP cells. Moreover, as a novel lethal ER stress inducer, T-96 was capable to enhance the sensitivity of CaP cells to chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. Taken together, our data implied that T-96 is a novel ER stress and autophagy modulator, and has the potential applications for CaP therapy in clinic.

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Hesperidin Prevents High Glucose-Induced Damage of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/a-0601-7020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 84 (14) ◽

pp. 1030-1037 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wayne Liu ◽

Shorong-Shii Liou ◽

Tang-Yao Hong ◽

I-Min Liu

Keyword(s):

High Glucose ◽

Retinal Pigment Epithelial ◽

Colorimetric Assay ◽

Retinal Pigment ◽

Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Rpe Cells ◽

Pigment Epithelial

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine whether hesperidin, a plant-based active flavanone found in citrus fruits, can prevent high glucose-induced retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell impairment. Cultured human RPE cells (ARPE-19) were exposed to a normal glucose concentration (5.5 mM) for 4 d and then soaked in either normal (5.5 mM) or high (33.3 mM) concentrations of D-glucose with or without different concentrations of hesperidin (10, 20, or 40 µM) for another 48 h. The survival rates of the cells were measured using a 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide reduction assay. With the help of a fluorescent probe, the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated. Colorimetric assay kits were used to assess the antioxidant enzyme activities, and western blotting was used to measure the expression of apoptosis-related protein. Hesperidin was effective in inhibiting high glucose-induced ROS production, preventing loss of cell viability, and promoting the endogenous antioxidant defense components, including glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione, in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, high glucose triggered cell apoptosis via the upregulation of caspase-9/3, enhancement of cytochrome c release into the cytosol, and subsequent interruption of the Bax/Bcl-2 balance. These detrimental effects were ameliorated by hesperidin in a concentration-dependent manner. We conclude that through the scavenging of ROS and modulation of the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway, hesperidin may protect RPE cells from high glucose-induced injury and thus may be a candidate in preventing the visual impairment caused by diabetic retinopathy.

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