scholarly journals Calligonum polygonoides L. Shrubs Provide Species-Specific Facilitation for the Understory Plants in Coastal Ecosystem

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad ◽  
Younes M. Rashad ◽  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem ◽  
Sami A. Al-Barati ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Assaeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Data ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Facilitative Effect ◽  
Understory Species ◽  
Understory Plants ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Associated Species

Plant facilitation has a pivotal role in regulating species coexistence, particularly under arid environments. The present study aimed to evaluate the facilitative effect of Calligonum polygonoides L. on its understory plants in coastal habitat. Forty Calligonum shrubs were investigated and the environmental data (soil temperature, moisture, pH, salinity, carbon and nitrogen content, and light intensity), vegetation composition, and diversity of associated species were recorded under- and outside canopies. Eight of the most frequent understory species were selected for evaluating their response to the facilitative effect of C. polygonoides. Bioactive ingredients of Calligonum roots were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and mycorrhizal biodiversity in their rhizosphere soil was also assessed. The effect of Calligonum on understory plants ranged between facilitation and inhibition in an age-dependent manner. Old shrubs facilitated 18 and inhibited 18 associated species, while young shrubs facilitated 13 and inhibited 9 species. Calligonum ameliorated solar radiation and high-temperature stresses for the under canopy plants. Moreover, soil moisture was increased by 509.52% and 85.71%, while salinity was reduced by 47.62% and 23.81% under old and young shrubs, respectively. Soil contents of C and N were increased under canopy. This change in the microenvironment led to photosynthetic pigments induction in the majority of understory species. However, anthocyanin, proline contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities were reduced in plants under canopy. Thirteen mycorrhizal fungal species were identified in the rhizospheric soil of Calligonum with the predominance of Funneliformis mosseae. Thirty-one compounds were identified in Calligonum root extract in which pyrogallol and palmitic acid, which have antimicrobial and allelopathic activities, were the major components. The obtained results demonstrated that facilitation provided by Calligonum is mediated with multiple mechanisms and included a set of interrelated scenarios that took place in a species-specific manner.

scholarly journals Biomass Equations for 24 Understory Species in Coniferous and Broadleaved Mixed Forests in Northeastern China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaijiang He ◽  
Chunyu Zhang ◽  
Fengguo Du ◽  
Xiuhai Zhao ◽  
Song Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Understory Species ◽  
Crown Area ◽  
Understory Plants ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Best Fit

Understory plants are important components of forest ecosystem productivity and diversity. Compared to biomass models of overstory canopy trees, few are available for understory saplings and shrubs and therefore their roles in estimation of forest carbon pools are often ignored. In this study, we harvested 24 understory species including 4 saplings, 9 tree-like shrubs and 11 typical shrubs in coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest in northeastern China and developed the best fit allometric equations of above- and below-ground and total biomass by species-specific or multispecies using morphological measurements of basal diameter, height and crown area as independent variables. The result showed that single basal diameter, height or crown area had good explanatory power for both species-specific and multispecies (p<0.001). The best-fit models included only basal diameter in sapling and tree-like shrubs, and combinations of crown area, height, and basal diameter in typical shrubs. The logarithmic model was most desired among the 4 model forms of linear, quadratic, multiple linear and logarithmic, for species-specific and multispecies. The models we developed should help the estimation of forest ecosystem carbon stocks, especially for belowground component, and provide tools for quantification of individual species biomass of understory plants.

Biomass equations for 24 understory species in a temperate forest in Northeastern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libin Wang ◽  
Zhonghui Zhang ◽  
Huaijiang He ◽  
Ye Luo
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Understory Species ◽  
Crown Area ◽  
Understory Plants ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract Background: Understory plants are important components of forest ecosystem productivity and diversity. Compared to biomass models of overstory canopy trees, few are available for understory saplings and shrubs and therefore their contributions to forest carbon pools are often ignored.Methods: We harvested 24 understory species including 4 saplings, 9 tree-like shrubs and 11 typical shrubs in coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest in north-eastern China. We developed the species-specific or multispecies best fit allometric equations of total, above- and below-ground biomass using morphological measurements of basal diameter, height and crown area as independent variables.Results: Single basal diameter, height or crown area had good explanatory power for both species-specific and multispecies equations (p<0.001). The best-fit models included only basal diameter in sapling and tree-like shrubs, and combinations of crown area, height, and basal diameter in typical shrubs. The logarithmic model was most desired among the 4 model forms of linear, quadratic, multiple linear and logarithmic, for species-specific and multispecies equations.Conclusion: The models we developed should help the estimation of forest ecosystem carbon stocks, especially for the belowground component, and provide tools for quantification of individual species biomass of understory plants.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity, Morphological, and Metabolic Effects of the Sesquiterpenoid Nerolidol on Arabidopsis thaliana Seedling Roots

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Landi ◽  
Biswapriya Biswavas Misra ◽  
Antonella Muto ◽  
Leonardo Bruno ◽  
Fabrizio Araniti
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Natural Herbicides ◽  
Mechanistic Investigation ◽  
Target Action ◽  
Seedling Roots

Natural herbicides that are based on allelopathy of compounds, can offer effective alternatives to chemical herbicides towards sustainable agricultural practices. Nerolidol, a sesquiterpenoid alcohol synthesized by many plant families, was shown to be the most effective allelopathic compound in a preliminary screening performed with several other sesquiterpenoids. In the present study, Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings were treated for 14 d with various cis-nerolidol concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 µM) to investigate its effects on root growth and morphology. To probe the underlying changes in root metabolome, we conducted untargeted gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomics to find out the specificity or multi-target action of this sesquiterpenoid alcohol. Oxidative stress (measured as levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) by-product) and antioxidant enzyme activities, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were also evaluated in the roots. Nerolidol showed an IC50 (120 µM), which can be considered low for natural products. Nerolidol caused alterations in root morphology, brought changes in auxin balance, induced changes in sugar, amino acid, and carboxylic acid profiles, and increased the levels of H2O2 and MDA in root tissues in a dose-dependent manner. Several metabolomic-scale changes induced by nerolidol support the multi-target action of nerolidol, which is a positive feature for a botanical herbicide. Though it warrants further mechanistic investigation, nerolidol is a promising compound for developing a new natural herbicide.

scholarly journals Antitumor Potential of Green Synthesized ZnONPs Using Root Extract of Withania somnifera against Human Breast Cancer Cell Line

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Kollur Shiva Prasad ◽  
Shashanka K Prasad ◽  
Ravindra Veerapur ◽  
Ghada Lamraoui ◽  
Ashwini Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Transmission Electron

Herein we report the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Withania somnifera root extract (WSE) as an effective chelating agent. The microscopic techniques viz., X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were employed to analyze the as-obtained ZnONPs. The crystalline planes observed from the XRD pattern agrees with the hexagonal wurtzite structure of the as-prepared ZnONPs. The aggregations and agglomerations observed in the SEM images indicated that the size of the as-prepared ZnONPs was between 30 and 43 nm. The interplanar distance between the lattice fringes observed in the HRTEM image was found to be 0.253 nm, which is in good agreement with the (100) plane obtained in the XRD pattern. Furthermore, the anti-breast cancer cytotoxic evaluation was carried out using the MCF-7 cell line, and the results showed significant cytotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Petasin and isopetasin reduce CGRP release from trigeminal afferents indicating an inhibitory effect on TRPA1 and TRPV1 receptor channels

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Kleeberg-Hartmann ◽  
Birgit Vogler ◽  
Karl Messlinger
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Channels ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Trpv1 Receptor ◽  
Cgrp Release ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Butterbur root extract with its active ingredients petasin and isopetasin has been used in the prophylactic treatment of migraine for years, while its sites of action are not completely clear. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is known as a biomarker and promoting factor of migraine. We set out to investigate the impact of petasins on the CGRP release from trigeminal afferents induced by activation of the calcium conducting transient receptor potential channels (TRPs) of the subtypes TRPA1 and TRPV1. Methods We used well-established in vitro preparations, the hemisected rodent skull and dissected trigeminal ganglia, to examine the CGRP release from rat and mouse cranial dura mater and trigeminal ganglion neurons, respectively, after pre-incubation with petasin and isopetasin. Mustard oil and capsaicin were used to stimulate TRPA1 and TRPV1 receptor channels. CGRP concentrations were measured with a CGRP enzyme immunoassay. Results Pre-incubation with either petasin or isopetasin reduced mustard oil- and capsaicin-evoked CGRP release compared to vehicle in an approximately dose-dependent manner. These results were validated by additional experiments with mice expressing functionally deleted TRPA1 or TRPV1 receptor channels. Conclusions Earlier findings of TRPA1 receptor channels being involved in the site of action of petasin and isopetasin are confirmed. Furthermore, we suggest an important inhibitory effect on TRPV1 receptor channels and assume a cooperative action between the two TRP receptors. These mechanisms may contribute to the migraine prophylactic effect of petasins.

scholarly journals Volatile 1-octanol of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) fuels cell division and indole-3-acetic acid production in phylloplane isolate Pseudomonas sp. NEEL19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poovarasan Neelakandan ◽  
Chiu-Chung Young ◽  
Asif Hameed ◽  
Yu-Ning Wang ◽  
Kui-Nuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Solvent Tolerant ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

AbstractTea leaves possess numerous volatile organic compounds (VOC) that contribute to tea’s characteristic aroma. Some components of tea VOC were known to exhibit antimicrobial activity; however, their impact on bacteria remains elusive. Here, we showed that the VOC of fresh aqueous tea leaf extract, recovered through hydrodistillation, promoted cell division and tryptophan-dependent indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production in Pseudomonas sp. NEEL19, a solvent-tolerant isolate of the tea phylloplane. 1-octanol was identified as one of the responsible volatiles stimulating cell division, metabolic change, swimming motility, putative pili/nanowire formation and IAA production, through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, microscopy and partition petri dish culture analyses. The bacterial metabolic responses including IAA production increased under 1-octanol vapor in a dose-dependent manner, whereas direct-contact in liquid culture failed to elicit such response. Thus, volatile 1-octanol emitting from tea leaves is a potential modulator of cell division, colonization and phytohormone production in NEEL19, possibly influencing the tea aroma.

Airway synthesis of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid: metabolism by cyclooxygenase to a bronchodilator

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. L280-L288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Jacobs ◽  
Richard M. Effros ◽  
John R. Falck ◽  
K. Malla Reddy ◽  
William B. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid ◽  
Polar Metabolites ◽  
H 20

Rabbit airway tissue is a particularly rich source of cytochrome P-4504A protein, but very little information regarding the effect(s) of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) on bronchial tone is available. Our studies examined the response of rabbit bronchial rings to 20-HETE and the metabolism of arachidonic acid and 20-HETE from airway microsomes. 20-HETE (10−8 to 10−6 M) produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of bronchial rings precontracted with KCl or histamine but not with carbachol. Relaxation to 20-HETE was blocked by indomethacin or epithelium removal, consistent with the conversion of 20-HETE to a bronchial relaxant by epithelial cyclooxygenase. A cyclooxygenase product of 20-HETE also elicited relaxation of bronchial rings. [14C]arachidonic acid was converted by airway microsomes to products that comigrated with authentic 20-HETE (confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as 19- and 20-HETE) and to unidentified polar metabolites. [3H]20-HETE was metabolized to indomethacin-inhibitable products. These data suggest that 20-HETE is an endogenous product of rabbit airway tissue and may modulate airway resistance in a cyclooxygenase-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Bacterial lipopolysaccharides variably modulate in vitro biofilm formation of Candida species

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1225-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. H. N. Bandara ◽  
O. L. T. Lam ◽  
R. M. Watt ◽  
L. J. Jin ◽  
L. P. Samaranayake
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Biofilm Development

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the bacterial endotoxin LPS on Candida biofilm formation in vitro. The effect of the LPS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens and Salmonella typhimurium on six different species of Candida, comprising Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, Candida krusei ATCC 6258, Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and Candida dubliniensis MYA 646, was studied using a standard biofilm assay. The metabolic activity of in vitro Candida biofilms treated with LPS at 90 min, 24 h and 48 h was quantified by XTT reduction assay. Viable biofilm-forming cells were qualitatively analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to visualize the biofilm structure. Initially, adhesion of C. albicans was significantly stimulated by Pseudomonas and Klebsiella LPS. A significant inhibition of Candida adhesion was noted for the following combinations: C. glabrata with Pseudomonas LPS, C. tropicalis with Serratia LPS, and C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis or C. dubliniensis with Salmonella LPS (P<0.05). After 24 h of incubation, a significant stimulation of initial colonization was noted for the following combinations: C. albicans/C. glabrata with Klebsiella LPS, C. glabrata/C. tropicalis/C. krusei with Salmonella LPS. In contrast, a significant inhibition of biofilm formation was observed in C. glabrata/C. dubliniensis/C. krusei with Pseudomonas LPS, C. krusei with Serratia LPS, C. dubliniensis with Klebsiella LPS and C. parapsilosis/C. dubliniensis /C. krusei with Salmonella LPS (P<0.05). On further incubation for 48 h, a significant enhancement of biofilm maturation was noted for the following combinations: C. glabrata/C. tropicalis with Serratia LPS, C. dubliniensis with Klebsiella LPS and C. glabrata with Salmonella LPS, and a significant retardation was noted for C. parapsilosis/C. dubliniensis/C. krusei with Pseudomonas LPS, C. tropicalis with Serratia LPS, C. glabrata/C. parapsilosis/C. dubliniensis with Klebsiella LPS and C. dubliniensis with Salmonella LPS (P<0.05). These findings were confirmed by SEM and CLSM analyses. In general, the inhibition of the biofilm development of LPS-treated Candida spp. was accompanied by a scanty architecture with a reduced numbers of cells compared with the profuse and densely colonized control biofilms. These data are indicative that bacterial LPSs modulate in vitro Candida biofilm formation in a species-specific and time-dependent manner. The clinical and the biological relevance of these findings have yet to be explored.

Hydrogen sulphide inhibits PSII of lichen photobionts

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano BERTUZZI ◽  
Mauro TRETIACH
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Solid Phase Micro Extraction ◽  
Action Mechanisms ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Closed Chambers

AbstractThe effects of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) on five lichens with different photobionts, ecology, and tolerance to the pollutant were studied by means of samples exposed in closed chambers containing two known H2S solutions. The H2S concentration in the void volume at equilibrium with the liquid phase was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, combined with the use of solid phase micro extraction (GC/MS SPME). It was determined as 8 and 28 ppm H2S in the absence of lichen material, andc. 2 and 10 ppm H2S respectively with living lichen material inserted for 8 hours in the exposure chambers. Significant differences in the species-specific emission of chlorophyllafluorescence (ChlaF) were observed, with a pronounced depression ofFv/Fmalready detectable after 2 h exposure at 28 ppm H2S in all the species. The decreased intensity was positively correlated to sample surface and, to a lesser extent, to the species-specific pre-exposureFv/Fmvalue. Dark-exposed samples were less affected than light-exposed ones. All four chlorolichens could recover the pre-exposure ChlaF emission after two days in the absence of H2S, both in the light and in the dark, whereas the cyanolichen did not recover when kept in the dark. The results are thoroughly discussed on the basis of the known action mechanisms of H2S on the photosynthetic apparatus of vascular plants and cyanobacteria.

Cross-species Transcriptomes Reveal Species-specific and Shared Molecular Adaptations for Plants Development on Iron-rich Rocky Outcrops Soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Costa Dias ◽  
Cecílio Caldeira ◽  
Markus Gastauer ◽  
Silvio Ramos ◽  
Guilherme Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Rocky Outcrops ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract BackgroundCanga is the Brazilian term for the savanna-like vegetation harboring several endemic species on iron-rich rocky outcrops, usually considered for mining activities. Parkia platycephala Benth. and Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (Willd.) Hochr. naturally occur in the cangas of Serra dos Carajás (eastern Amazonia, Brazil) and the surrounding forest, indicating high phenotypic plasticity. The morphological and physiological mechanisms of the plants’ establishment in the canga environment are well studied, but the molecular adaptative responses are still unknown. We aimed to identify molecular mechanisms that allow the establishment of these plants in the canga environment.ResultsPlants were grown in canga and forest substrates collected in the Carajás Mineral Province. RNA was extracted from pooled leaf tissue, and RNA-seq paired-end reads were assembled into representative transcriptomes for P. platycephala and S. pulcherrimum containing 31,728 and 31,311 primary transcripts, respectively. We identified both species-specific and core molecular responses in plants grown in the canga substrate using differential expression analyses. In the species-specific analysis, we identified 1,112 and 838 differentially expressed genes for P. platycephala and S. pulcherrimum, respectively. Enrichment analyses showed unique biological processes and metabolic pathways affected for each species. Comparative differential expression analysis was based on shared single-copy orthologs. The overall pattern of ortholog expression was species-specific. Even so, almost 300 altered genes were identified between plants in canga and forest substrates, responding the same way in both species. The genes were functionally associated with the response to light stimulus and the circadian rhythm pathway.ConclusionsPlants possess species-specific adaptative responses to cope with the substrates. Our results also suggest that plants adapted to both canga and forest environments can adjust the circadian rhythm in a substrate-dependent manner. The circadian clock gene modulation might be a central mechanism regulating the plants’ development in the canga substrate in the studied legume species. The mechanism may be shared as a common mechanism to abiotic stress compensation in other native species.

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