scholarly journals Identification, Association of Natural Variation and Expression Analysis of ZmNAC9 Gene Response to Low Phosphorus in Maize Seedling Stage

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1447
Author(s):  
Javed Hussain Sahito ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Haixu Zhong ◽  
Xuan He ◽  
Chen Zhen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Significant Difference

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macroelement supporting maize productivity and low-P stress is a limiting factor of maize growth and yield. Improving maize plant tolerance to low P through molecular breeding is an effective alternative to increase crop productivity. In this study, a total of 111 diverse maize inbred lines were used to identify the favorable alleles and nucleotide diversity of candidate ZmNAC9, which plays an important role in response to low P and regulation in root architecture. A significant difference was found under low- and sufficient-P conditions for each of the 22 seedling traits, and a total of 41 polymorphic sites including 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 9 insertion and deletions (InDels) were detected in ZmNAC9 among 111 inbred lines. Among the 41 polymorphic studied sites, a total of 39 polymorphic sites were associated with 20 traits except for the dry weight of shoots and forks, of which six sites were highly significantly associated with a diverse number of low-P tolerant root trait index values by using a mixed linear model (MLM) at −log10 P = 3.61. In addition, 29 polymorphic sites under P-sufficient and 32 polymorphic sites under P-deficient conditions were significantly associated with a diverse number of seedling traits, of which five polymorphic sites (position S327, S513, S514, S520, and S827) were strongly significantly associated with multiple seedling traits under low-P and normal-P conditions. Among highly significant sites, most of the sites were associated with root traits under low-P, normal-P, and low-P trait index values. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was strong at (r2 > 1.0) in 111 inbred lines. Furthermore, the effect of five significant sites was verified for haplotypes in 111 lines and the favorable allele S520 showed a positive effect on the dry weight of roots under the low-P condition. Furthermore, the expression pattern confirmed that ZmNAC9 was highly induced by low P in the roots of the P-tolerant 178 inbred line. Moreover, the subcellular localization of ZmNAC9 encoded by protein was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Haplotypes carrying more favorable alleles exhibited superior effects on phenotypic variation and could be helpful in developing molecular markers in maize molecular breeding programs. Taken together, the finding of this study might lead to further functions of ZmNAC9 and genes that might be involved in responses to low-P stress in maize.

scholarly journals RESPONS PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SELEDRI (APIUM GRAVEOLENS L.) TERHADAP MEDIA TANAM DAN KONSENTRASI LARUTAN NUTRISI YANG BERBEDA PADA WICK SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Maria Ulfa ◽  
Hadi Pranoto ◽  
Susylowati Susylowati
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Optimum Point ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Polynomial Orthogonal

This research aims to find out 1) the interaction between the medium of planting and the concentration of nutrient solutions to the growth and yield of celery plants hydroponically. 2) types of planting media that can give different influences on the growth and yield of celery plants, and 3) concentration of nutrient solution that provides the best growth and yield of celery plants in different planting media.The research was conducted from December 2019 to February 2020 at the Integrated Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture of Mulawarman University, Samarinda. The research used factorial exsperiment 3×4 on Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), replicated three times with each treatment consisting of three plants. The first factor is the planting medium consisting of rockwool, charcoal husk, and combination of charcoal husk + tea amps. The second factor is the concentration of AB Mix nutrient solution consists of 500, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 ppm. The data was analyzed with test F and continued Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with a level of 5%.  The results showed that there is an interaction between planting media and concentration of nutrient solution in the growth and yield of celery plants. The interaction between the combination of charcoal planting media + tea pulp and concentration of 1,500 ppm is not real with the interaction of rockwool planting media and concentration of 1,500 ppm. From various types of planting media used, charcoal husk planting media provides the best influence on the growth and yield of celery plants. Based on polynomial orthogonal test the concentration of nutrient solution with an optimum point of 1,460.84 ppm affects the growth and yield of celery plants with a maximum dry weight of 2.14 g.

scholarly journals Influence of Seed Hardening Techniques on Vigor, Growth and Yield of Wheat under Drought Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Amir Zaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
And Control ◽  
Peg 8000 ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Exploring ways to improve stand establishment and crop productivity under abiotic stresses like drought is important. Two years experiments were conducted at University of Agriculture, Peshawar-Pakistan to examine the efficacy of six pre-sowing seed hardening agents. Seeds of wheat cultivar Uqab-2000 were hardened in six different chemicals of various concentration viz; PEG-8000 (10%), CaCl2 (4%), KNO3, (3%), Mannital (4%), NaCl (5%), Na2SO4 (2%) along with water soaking and dry seeds as control for 24 hours and drying back to original moisture content at room temperature. The soaking and drying of seeds was repeated twice for 12 hours. The results showed that pre-sowing hardening of seed with PEG-8000, CaCl2 and KNO3 gave higher germination, decreased days to 50% germination, increased shoot length, root length, seedling fresh and dry weight in laboratory experiment as compared with other hardening and control treatment. Under field conditions, maximum plant height (93.53cm), spikelet’s spike-1 (17.16), grains spike-1 (50.82), 1000 grain weight (39.97 g), grain yield (3482 kg ha-1) and maximum harvest index (32.5%) were observed in PEG-8000 hardened seed than control treatment (2872 kg ha-1). Seed hardened in PEG-8000, CaCl2 and KNO3 gave 30% increase in grain yield as compared to Mannital, NaCl and Na2SO4 which gave 15% increase in grain yield over control treatment.

scholarly journals PENGARUH LAMA PERENDAMAN AIR KELAPA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum. L) PADA BERBAGAI MACAM MEDIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Fendi Ramdhani
Keyword(s):  
Water Immersion ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Demand for shallots continues to increase due to increasing population and consumption of mera onions. This research was carried out in jingglong village, Sutojayan sub-district, Blitar district in April - June 2018. This research was conducted using factorial randomized block design (RBD) with 2 factors, the first factor was immersion in coconut water (k) which consisted of 3 levels namely immersion for 1 hour (k1) soaking for 2 hours (k2) soaking for 3 hours (k3). The second factor is various media (m) consisting of 3 levels: soil 1: fertilizer 1: husk ash 1 (m1), soil 2: fertilizer 1: husk ash 1 (m2), soil 1: fertilizer 2: husk ash 1 ( m3) The variables observed included plant height, number of shoots, number of leaves, weight of tuber stover, wet weight of tubers, dry weight of tubers. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) level of 5% and further testing with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). There is no real interaction between coconut water immersion and various planting media on the growth and yield of shallots. The treatment of coconut water immersion (k) significantly affected the height of shallot plants at the age of 14 days and 21 days, and affected the number of shoots and leaves at all ages of observation. The treatment of various planting media showed a significant difference at the age of 14 days to 21 days. The treatment of various planting media had a significant effect on the weight of stover and the wet weight of onion tubers with the highest yield (m1) of 122.03 gr, while in the wet weight the highest yield was on media (m1) with a yield of 80.51 gr.

scholarly journals Effect of seedling age on growth and yield of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties transplanted in Saline Coastal Area of Baros, Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Riza Afrinda ◽  
Budiastuti Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

Marginal land along the coast should be utilized to increase the national rice production. In addition, the use of saline resistant varieties, it is necessary to determine the best seedling age for saline soil. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield responses of two rice varieties transplanted at different seedling age on saline soil. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, conducted at saline coastal area of Baros, Yogyakarta, starting from January to June 2017. The first factor was rice varieties, consisting of Dendang and IR-64. Meanwhile, the second factor was the seedling age, consisting of 2 and 4 weeks after sowing (WAS) seedlings. The results showed that the growth and yield of two rice varieties (Dendang and IR-64) showed significant difference, and Dendang showed a better performance than IR-64. The higher yield of Dendang compared to IR-64 was supported by higher plant growth (shoot dry weight) and yield components (number of seeds per panicle, seed weight per plot, and productivity). The 2 and 4 WAS seedlings did not give significantly different effects on nearly all growth variables. However, 2 WAS Dendang rice seedlings had higher shoot dry weight. Meanwhile, IR-64 had higher leaf greenness in 4 WAS seedlings compared to that in 2 WAS seedlings.

scholarly journals Effect of Dose and Compound Fertilizer on Growth and Results of Red Chili

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Burlian Hasani ◽  
Fitri Yetty Zairani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Fertilizer Plant ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Significant Difference

Effect of Dose and compound Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Hot Pepper plant (Capsicum annum, L.). This study aims to determine the effect of Formula Application and dosage of complete compound fertilizer on the growth and yield of chili plants. This study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with nine treatment combinations and three replications, each treatment consisting of 3 plants. The combination of these treatments used two Complete Compound Fertilizer Formulas (P). Formula 1 (P1) Complete Compound Fertilizer Pril (PMLP), 2 (P2) : Complete Compound Fertilizer Tablets (PMLT), and 3 (P3) as a control mixture of single fertilizer Urea, SP 36, and KCL ( 1:1:1). The second formula is fertilizer dosage (D) which consists of three levels, namely D1 (30 g fertilizer/plant), D2 (40 g fertilizer/plant), and D3 (50 fertilizer/plant). The variables observed in this study were plant height, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight per plant, dry weight of plant stover. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it is concluded that the treatment of Complete Compound Fertilizer Formula (P) has a very significant effect on all observed variables, namely: plant height, number of fruits per plant, the weight of dry root, and weight of fruit per plant. While the Fertilizer Dosage (D): 30, 40, and 50 g did not show a significant difference in the results for all observed variables, and the interaction between the two did not show significant differences in all observed variables.

scholarly journals Maize Genotypes With Different Zinc Efficiency in Response to Low Zinc Stress and Heterogeneous Zinc Supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqin Xu ◽  
Xuejie Wang ◽  
Huaqing Zhu ◽  
Futong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Zinc Efficiency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Zn Stress

All over the world, a common problem in the soil is the low content of available zinc (Zn), which is unevenly distributed and difficult to move. However, information on the foraging strategies of roots in response to heterogeneous Zn supply is still very limited. Few studies have analyzed the adaptability of maize inbred lines with different Zn efficiencies to different low Zn stress time lengths in maize. This study analyzed the effects of different time lengths of low Zn stress on various related traits in different inbred lines. In addition, morphological plasticity of roots and the response of Zn-related important gene iron-regulated transporter-like proteins (ZIPs) were studied via simulating the heterogeneity of Zn nutrition in the soil. In this report, when Zn deficiency stress duration was extended (from 14 to 21 days), under Zn-deficient supply (0.5 μM), Zn efficiency (ZE) based on shoot dry weight of Wu312 displayed no significant difference, and ZE for Ye478 was increased by 92.9%. Under longer-term Zn deficiency, shoot, and root dry weights of Ye478 were 6.5 and 2.1-fold higher than those of Wu312, respectively. Uneven Zn supply strongly inhibited the development of some root traits in the -Zn region. Difference in shoot dry weights between Wu312 and Ye478 was larger in T1 (1.97 times) than in T2 (1.53 times). Under heterogeneous condition of Zn supply, both the –Zn region and the +Zn region upregulated the expressions of ZmZIP3, ZmZIP4, ZmZIP5, ZmZIP7, and ZmZIP8 in the roots of two inbred lines. These results indicate that extended time length of low-Zn stress will enlarge the difference of multiple physiological traits, especially biomass, between Zn-sensitive and Zn-tolerant inbred lines. There were significant genotypic differences of root morphology in response to heterogeneous Zn supply. Compared with split-supply with +Zn/+Zn, the difference of above-ground biomass between Zn-sensitive and Zn-tolerant inbred lines under split-supply with –Zn/+Zn was higher. Under the condition of heterogeneous Zn supply, several ZmZIP genes may play important roles in tolerance to low Zn stress, which can provide a basis for further functional characterization.

scholarly journals Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Garut (Maranta Arundinacea) Terhadap Pembumbunan dan Pemupukan Kalium

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Rahmawati Fitria ◽  
Supriyono Supriyono ◽  
Sudadi Sudadi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Length Data

<p>This research aims to determine the arrowroot responses on piling and potassium fertilizer application on its growth and yield. This research was conducted in Experiment Field of Agriculture Faculty SebelasMaret University at Sukosari, Jumantono, Karanganyar using Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) factorial with two factors of piling and potassium fertilization.There are 2 levels of piling, consists of without piling treatment (P0) and with in piling (P1).There are 3 levels of potassium fertilization consist of  250 kg ha-1 KCl, 300 kg ha-1 KCl, and 350 kg ha-1 KCl. Observation variable consist of plant height, leaf number, tiller number, biomass fresh weight per plant, biomass dry weight per plant, tuber numbers per plant, tuber weights per plant, tuber weights per plot, tuber diameter, and tuber length. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and if there is significant difference, continue with DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) of 5% level. The result showed that treatment with in piling (P1) can tends to increase yield of arrowroot plant on tuber numbers per plant, tuber weights per plant, and tuber weights per plot. Potassium fertilizer treatment with  350 kg ha-1 dose KCl tends to increase at growth and yield in all variables except the tiller numbers.</p>

scholarly journals Liming and biofungicide for the control of clubroot in cauliflower1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Antônio dos Santos ◽  
Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho ◽  
Evandro Silva Pereira Costa ◽  
Caio Soares Diniz ◽  
Margarida Goréte Ferreira do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a disease that limits the cauliflower cultivation and is difficult to control. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of liming combined with the use of Trichoderma harzianum-based biofungicide for the control of clubroot in cauliflower. In a field experiment, the use of the biofungicide in combination with the application of calcined limestone doses (0 Mg ha-1, 1.0 Mg ha-1, 2.0 Mg ha-1 and 4.0 Mg ha-1) was evaluated. Subsequently, in a greenhouse, the biofungicide combined with liming with quicklime (2.54 Mg ha-1) was tested, and cyazofamid and water were tested as controls. The disease severity and attributes related to root and plant development were analyzed. In the field experiment, the healthy root volume and fresh weight, total root dry weight and inflorescence fresh weight and diameter were all significantly increased, while the diseased root volume, in response to the limestone doses, was reduced. The biofungicide reduced the root growth and inflorescence fresh weight. In the greenhouse, liming increased the healthy root volume and fresh weight, as well as total root dry weight, and reduced the disease severity. No significant difference was observed between the biofungicide and the control (water), which were inferior to cyazofamid. The biofungicide was not efficient in controlling the disease and did not favour the growth of cauliflower plants, either alone or combined with liming. Liming reduced the disease severity and increased the cauliflower root growth and yield.

scholarly journals Effect of Doses of Green Manure from Different Sources on Growth and Yield of Maize in Dryland

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Idham Idham ◽  
Salapu Pagiu ◽  
Sri Anjar Lasmini ◽  
Burhanuddin Haji Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference

Dryland has low soil fertility. Efforts that can be made to improve soil fertility are fertilizer technologies such as green manure compost. The aim of this study was to determine the type and dose of green manure to increase the growth, production and nutrient uptake of maize in the dryland. The research was conducted in Sidera Village Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi from June to December 2018. The research used a factorial randomized block design. The first factor is the type of green manure consisting of three levels, namely mungbean green manure (K1), peanut green manure (K2) and Centrosema pubescens green manure (K3). The second factor is the dose of green manure which consists of three levels, namely 5 t. ha-1 (D1), 7.5 t. ha-1 (D2) and 10 t. ha-1 (D3). Thus, there are 9 treatment combinations, each treatment consisting of 3 replications so that there are 27 experimental units. Data were analyzed statistically using the F test and if significantly different it was followed by the least significant difference (LSD) Fisher’s test, P-value 0.05. These results showed that the types and dose of green manure increase the growth and yield of maize, namely leaf area, stem diameter, cob length, the weight of 100 dry shelled seeds, and production per hectare of the dry weight of corn shelled. The highest nutrient uptake and maize production were obtained in the application of C. pubescens green manure at a dose of 10 t. ha-1, namely nitrogen uptake of 7.68%, phosphorus of 0.39%, potassium of 0.09% and yield of 6.44 t. ha-1.

scholarly journals Effect of Silicate Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Two Local Indonesian Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Widjajanto ◽  
Sumarsono . ◽  
Endang Dwi Purbajanti
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Beneficial Elements

Background: The beneficial elements availability such as silicon was determined rice growth and yield. Rice requires a different dose of silicon during the growing period. Experiment was aimed to investigate the effect of silicate levels, rice varieties and the interaction of the two on the growth and yields of two local Indonesian varieties of rice. Methods: A completely randomized design of factorial pattern with 4 replications was used in the experiment. Treatments consisted of No added SiO2 (Si-0); added 100 and 200 kg SiO2 ha-1, respectively for Si-100 and Si-200 and two local rice varieties, Pandan wangi (P1) and Mentik susu (P2). Result: The treatment had no significant effect on growth and yield of rice. Addition of 100 and 200 kg SiO2 ha-1 to P1 and P2 did not show a significant difference on the growth and yield of rice compared to control (P0). Plant height and root dry weight at P1 was lower than P2, but the 1,000-grain weight was showed, vice versa. Silicon addition up to 200 kg SiO2 ha-1 may not be recommended to be applied in rice cultivation, especially Pandan wangi and Mentik susu varieties. Improving the two varieties, further research is needed by increasing the silicon doses. 

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