scholarly journals Protein–Polyelectrolyte Complexes and Micellar Assemblies

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao ◽  
Holkar ◽  
Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complexes ◽  
Wrong Side ◽  
Complex Micelles ◽  
Structure Properties

In this review, we highlight the recent progress in our understanding of the structure, properties and applications of protein–polyelectrolyte complexes in both bulk and micellar assemblies. Protein–polyelectrolyte complexes form the basis of the genetic code, enable facile protein purification, and have emerged as enterprising candidates for simulating protocellular environments and as efficient enzymatic bioreactors. Such complexes undergo self-assembly in bulk due to a combined influence of electrostatic interactions and entropy gains from counterion release. Diversifying the self-assembly by incorporation of block polyelectrolytes has further enabled fabrication of protein–polyelectrolyte complex micelles that are multifunctional carriers for therapeutic targeted delivery of proteins such as enzymes and antibodies. We discuss research efforts focused on the structure, properties and applications of protein–polyelectrolyte complexes in both bulk and micellar assemblies, along with the influences of amphoteric nature of proteins accompanying patchy distribution of charges leading to unique phenomena including multiple complexation windows and complexation on the wrong side of the isoelectric point.

In situ Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Reveals the Formation Kinetics of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Jeffrey Ting ◽  
Siqi Meng ◽  
Matthew Tirrell
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Ray Scattering

We have directly observed the <i>in situ</i> self-assembly kinetics of polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) micelles by synchrotron time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, equipped with a stopped-flow device that provides millisecond temporal resolution. This work has elucidated one general kinetic pathway for the process of PEC micelle formation, which provides useful physical insights for increasing our fundamental understanding of complexation and self-assembly dynamics driven by electrostatic interactions that occur on ultrafast timescales.

Electrostatic Effects of Metronidazole Loaded in Chitosan-Pectin Polyelectrolyte Complexes

2019 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Sucharat Limsitthichaikoon ◽  
Chutima Sinsuebpol
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Suitable Condition ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complexes ◽  
Large Size ◽  
High Entrapment Efficiency

Electrostatic interactions of polymeric charges become one of the important factors to form the polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). In this work, PECs has successfully created through the interaction between positive charges of chitosan (CS) and negative charges of pectin (PE) based on the effect of pH and pKa of the polymers. The formation of PECs provides small particle size, positive surface charge, and high %entrapment efficiency (%EE) after loaded metronidazole (MTZ). Dropwise addition of PE solution into CS solution was carried out to form PECs. A certain concentration of chitosan and pectin fixed at ratio 3:1 while the pH of both polymers varied as pH 1, 3, 5, and 9. The alterations after forming PECs observed particle size, zeta potential, and turbidity of the solution along with FTIR, DSC, and TAG. Precipitation of PECs solution was found in the fixed pH 5 of PE solution dropwise into pH 7 and 9 CS solution, which referred to the unstable of the PECs system. The pH 1 and 9 of PE and CS obtained the large size which about 600-1200 nm, while zeta potential found a low positive charge of 5.54-11.90 mV. Thus, only the fixed pH 5 of CS solution and pH 3, 5, or 7 of PE solution to form PECs were used to load MTZ. After loaded MTZ, the particle size of the PECs was about 400-500 nm and the zeta potential was about 20-50 mV. Electrostatic interactions resulted from FTIR detected the changes in amino groups of CS and carboxyl groups of PE. Thermal analysis on DSC for determinations of melting points or transition temperatures and TGA to monitor weight loss by heat were confirmed the PECs and MTZ-PECs formation. The pH 5 of PE interacts with pH 5 of CS offered the smallest particle size as 438 nm, zeta potential about 23.5 mV, and the highest percentage of EE as about 50% of the drug-loaded. The pH 5 of PE and CS were the pH-responsive to the pKa, thus, the acidity of the polymers may provide a suitable condition to form the appropriate polyelectrolyte complexes. Keywords: Polyelectrolyte complex, polycation, polyanion, charge density

scholarly journals Supramolecular Structuring of Hyaluronan-Lactose-Modified Chitosan Matrix: Towards High-Performance Biopolymers with Excellent Biodegradation

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Riccardo Ladiè ◽  
Cesare Cosentino ◽  
Irene Tagliaro ◽  
Carlo Antonini ◽  
Giulio Bianchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complexes ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
Chitosan Matrix ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Stability

Non-covalent interactions in supramolecular chemistry provide useful systems to understand biological processes, and self-assembly systems are suitable assets to build-up innovative products for biomedical applications. In this field, polyelectrolyte complexes are interesting, especially when polysaccharides are involved, due to their non-toxicity and bio-absorbability. In this work, we investigated a polyelectrolyte formed by hyaluronic acid (HA), a negatively charged linear polysaccharide, with Chitlac (Ch), a positively charged lactose-modified chitosan. The aim of the study was the investigation of a novel Ch–HA polyelectrolyte complex, to understand the interaction between the two polysaccharides and the stability towards enzymatic activity. By means of gel permeation chromatography–triple detector array (GPC–TDA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), dynamic viscosity, Zeta Potential and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the polyelectrolyte complex properties were identified and compared to individual polysaccharides. The complex showed monodisperse molecular weight distribution, high viscosity, negative charge, and could be degraded by specific enzymes, such as hyaluronidase and lysozyme. The results suggest a close interaction between the two polysaccharides in the complex, which could be considered a self-assembly system.

scholarly journals Polyelectrolyte complex micelles by self-assembly of polypeptide-based triblock copolymer for doxorubicin delivery

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Hwan Kim ◽  
Thiruganesh Ramasamy ◽  
Tuan Hiep Tran ◽  
Ju Yeon Choi ◽  
Hyuk Jun Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Triblock Copolymer ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Doxorubicin Delivery ◽  
Complex Micelles

scholarly journals Composite Cryogel with Polyelectrolyte Complexes for Growth Factor Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolat Sultankulov ◽  
Dmitriy Berillo ◽  
Sholpan Kauanova ◽  
Sergey Mikhalovsky ◽  
Lyuba Mikhalovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Growth Factor Delivery ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complexes ◽  
Osteogenic Lineage ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Homogeneous Matrix ◽  
Oppositely Charged ◽  
Bone Morphogenic Protein 2

Macroporous scaffolds composed of chitosan (CHI), hydroxyapatite (HA), heparin (Hep), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared with a glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linker by cryogelation. Addition of PVA to the reaction mixture slowed down the formation of a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) between CHI and Hep, which allowed more thorough mixing, and resulted in the development of the homogeneous matrix structure. Freezing of the CHI-HA-GA and PVA-Hep-GA mixture led to the formation of a non-stoichiometric PEC between oppositely charged groups of CHI and Hep, which caused further efficient immobilization of bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) possible due to electrostatic interactions. It was shown that the obtained cryogel matrix released BMP-2 and supported the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rat BMSCs) into the osteogenic lineage. Rat BMSCs attached to cryogel loaded with BMP-2 and expressed osteocalcin in vitro. Obtained composite cryogel with PEC may have high potential for bone regeneration and tissue engineering applications.

Potential of Nanoparticles in Combating Candida Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faizan Abul Qais ◽  
Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan ◽  
Iqbal Ahmad ◽  
Abdullah Safar Althubiani
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Candida Infections ◽  
Made In

Aims: The aim of this review is to survey the recent progress made in developing the nanoparticles as antifungal agents especially the nano-based formulations being exploited for the management of Candida infections. Discussion: In the last few decades, there has been many-fold increase in fungal infections including candidiasis due to the increased number of immunocompromised patients worldwide. The efficacy of available antifungal drugs is limited due to its associated toxicity and drug resistance in clinical strains. The recent advancements in nanobiotechnology have opened a new hope for the development of novel formulations with enhanced therapeutic efficacy, improved drug delivery and low toxicity. Conclusion: Metal nanoparticles have shown to possess promising in vitro antifungal activities and could be effectively used for enhanced and targeted delivery of conventionally used drugs. The synergistic interaction between nanoparticles and various antifungal agents have also been reported with enhanced antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Self-assembling ferritin-dendrimer nanoparticles for targeted delivery of nucleic acids to myeloid leukemia cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Palombarini ◽  
Silvia Masciarelli ◽  
Alessio Incocciati ◽  
Francesca Liccardo ◽  
Elisa Di Fabio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Archaeoglobus Fulgidus ◽  
Leukemia Cells ◽  
Cellular Delivery ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hybrid Nanoparticle

Abstract Background In recent years, the use of ferritins as nano-vehicles for drug delivery is taking center stage. Compared to other similar nanocarriers, Archaeoglobus fulgidus ferritin is particularly interesting due to its unique ability to assemble-disassemble under very mild conditions. Recently this ferritin was engineered to get a chimeric protein targeted to human CD71 receptor, typically overexpressed in cancer cells. Results Archaeoglobus fulgidus chimeric ferritin was used to generate a self-assembling hybrid nanoparticle hosting an aminic dendrimer together with a small nucleic acid. The positively charged dendrimer can indeed establish electrostatic interactions with the chimeric ferritin internal surface, allowing the formation of a protein-dendrimer binary system. The 4 large triangular openings on the ferritin shell represent a gate for negatively charged small RNAs, which access the internal cavity attracted by the dense positive charge of the dendrimer. This ternary protein-dendrimer-RNA system is efficiently uptaken by acute myeloid leukemia cells, typically difficult to transfect. As a proof of concept, we used a microRNA whose cellular delivery and induced phenotypic effects can be easily detected. In this article we have demonstrated that this hybrid nanoparticle successfully delivers a pre-miRNA to leukemia cells. Once delivered, the nucleic acid is released into the cytosol and processed to mature miRNA, thus eliciting phenotypic effects and morphological changes similar to the initial stages of granulocyte differentiation. Conclusion The results here presented pave the way for the design of a new family of protein-based transfecting agents that can specifically target a wide range of diseased cells. Graphic abstract

Recent Progress in Mitochondria-Targeting-Based Nanotechnology for Cancer Treatment

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingbo Qin ◽  
Ningqiang Gong ◽  
Zhihuan Liao ◽  
Shouwen Zhang ◽  
Peter S. Timashev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Cancerous Cells ◽  
Mitochondria Targeting

Mitochondria play critical roles in the regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of cancerous cells. Nanosystems for targeted delivery of cargos to mitochondria for cancer treatment have attracted increasing attention...

scholarly journals Template-Free Self-Assembly of Two-Dimensional Polymers into Nano/Microstructured Materials

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3310
Author(s):  
Shengda Liu ◽  
Jiayun Xu ◽  
Xiumei Li ◽  
Tengfei Yan ◽  
Shuangjiang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
The Past ◽  
2D Polymers ◽  
Template Free ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Polymer Tubes

In the past few decades, enormous efforts have been made to synthesize covalent polymer nano/microstructured materials with specific morphologies, due to the relationship between their structures and functions. Up to now, the formation of most of these structures often requires either templates or preorganization in order to construct a specific structure before, and then the subsequent removal of previous templates to form a desired structure, on account of the lack of “self-error-correcting” properties of reversible interactions in polymers. The above processes are time-consuming and tedious. A template-free, self-assembled strategy as a “bottom-up” route to fabricate well-defined nano/microstructures remains a challenge. Herein, we introduce the recent progress in template-free, self-assembled nano/microstructures formed by covalent two-dimensional (2D) polymers, such as polymer capsules, polymer films, polymer tubes and polymer rings.

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