Electrochromic Self-Electrostabilized Polypyrrole Films Doped with Surfactant and Azo Dye

Two azo dyes, acid red 1 (AR1) and acid red 18 (AR18), were used alone or in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for the electropolymerization of a pyrrole monomer. Polypyrrole (PPy) showed higher redox capacity when SDS and AR18 were used simultaneously as dopant agents (PPy/AR18-SDS) than when the conducting polymer was produced in the presence of SDS, AR18, AR1, or an AR1/SDS mixture. Moreover, PPy/AR18-SDS is a self-stabilizing material that exhibits increasing electrochemical activity with the number of oxidation–reduction cycles. A mechanism supported by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction structural observations was proposed to explain the synergy between the SDS surfactant and the AR18 dye. On the other hand, the Bordeaux red color of PPy/AR18-SDS, which exhibits an optical band gap of 1.9 eV, rapidly changed to orange-yellow and blue colors when films were reduced and oxidized, respectively, by applying linear or step potential ramps. Overall, the results indicate that the synergistic utilization of AR18 and SDS as dopant agents in the same polymerization reaction is a very successful and advantageous strategy for the preparation of PPy films with cutting-edge electrochemical and electrochromic properties.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Conductive Polypyrrole: The Influence of the Oxidants and Monomer on the Electrical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2018/4191747 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Abdirahman Yussuf ◽

Mohammad Al-Saleh ◽

Salah Al-Enezi ◽

Gils Abraham

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Oxidative Polymerization ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Conductive Polymer ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Structural Formation ◽

Pyrrole Monomer

Conductive polymer, polypyrrole (PPy), was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization technique for a period of four hours at room temperature using pyrrole monomer (mPPy) in aqueous solution. Different oxidants such as ferric chloride (FeCl3) and ammonium persulphate (N2H8S2O8) and surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (C12H25NaO4S) were used. The produced PPy samples were characterized by using different techniques such as the electrical resistivity by four probe technique, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The performance of the oxidants has been investigated and compared. It was found that both oxidants, FeCl3 and N2H8S2O8, have decreased electrical resistivity as a function of temperature, which means increased conductivity. However, FeCl3 has achieved better performance than N2H8S2O8, where it has achieved a lower resistivity of about 60 ohms at room temperature, which indicates higher conductivity of PPy samples with FeCl3 as an oxidant. Similarly, further investigation of FeCl3 oxidant has been conducted by varying its concentration, and its influence on the final properties was reported. It has been observed that the morphology of PPy samples has a significant influence on the conductivity. It was found that 0.1 M and 0.05 M concentrations of FeCl3 oxidant and monomer, respectively, have achieved better thermal stability, which is FeCl3/mPPy ratio of 2 as an optimum value. FTIR and XRD results confirmed the structural formation of polypyrrole from pyrrole monomer during the synthesizing process.

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Effect of Deposition Parameters on Electrochemical Properties of Polypyrrole-Graphene Oxide Films

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13030624 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 624 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alina Iuliana Pruna ◽

Nelly Ma. Rosas-Laverde ◽

David Busquets Mataix

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Voltammetry ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Electrochemical Properties ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Hybrid Coatings ◽

Deposition Parameters ◽

Structure Morphology ◽

Energy Storage Applications ◽

Improved Performance ◽

Sds Surfactant

Graphene oxide (GO)-modified polypyrrole (PPy) coatings were obtained by electrochemical methods in the presence of the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties of the coatings were assessed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry at varying scan rates, respectively. The properties of the obtained coatings were analyzed with the GO and PPy loadings and electrodeposition mode. The hybrid coatings obtained galvanostatically showed a coarser appearance than those deposited by cyclic voltammetry CV mode and improved performance, respectively, which was further enhanced by GO and PPy loading. The capacitance enhancement can be attributed to the SDS surfactant that well dispersed the GO sheets, thus allowing the use of lower GO content for improved contribution, while the choice of suitable electrodeposition parameters is highly important for improving the applicability of GO-modified PPy coatings in energy storage applications.

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Liquid crystalline polyureas with oligo(ethylene glycol) sequences

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly.2010.10.1.1425 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shahram Mehdipour-Ataei ◽

Leila Akbarian-Feizi

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystalline ◽

Spectroscopic Method ◽

Polymerization Reaction ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Subsequent Reaction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Polar Solvents ◽

X Ray ◽

H Nmr ◽

Ft Ir

AbstractA diamine monomer containing ester, amide and ether functional groups was prepared and its polymerization reaction with different diisocyanates to give main chain poly(ester amide ether urea)s was investigated. The monomer was synthesized via reaction of terephthaloyl chloride with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and subsequent reaction of the resulted diacid with 1,8-diamino-3,6-dioxaoctane. The polymers were characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopic method and elemental analysis. The resulting polymers exhibited excellent solubility in polar solvents. Crystallinity of the resulted polymers was evaluated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) method, and they exhibited semi-crystalline patterns. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the polymers determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) were in the range of 88-112 °C. The temperatures for 10% weight loss (T10) from their thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves were found to be in the range of 297-312 °C in air. Also the prepared polyureas showed liquid crystalline character.

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The Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Activated and Non-Activated Bentonites

Adsorption Science & Technology ◽

10.1260/026361703769645780 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 451-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Sameer Al-Asheh ◽

Fawzi Banat ◽

Leena Abu-Aitah

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Ph Value ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Ionic Surfactant ◽

Methylene Blue Dye ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Initial Ph

An improvement in the adsorption capacity of naturally available bentonite towards water pollutants such as Methylene Blue dye (MBD) is certainly needed. For this purpose, sodium bentonite was activated by two methods: (1) treatment with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as an ionic surfactant and (2) thermal treatment in an oven operated at 850°C. Batch adsorption tests were carried out on removing MBD from aqueous solution using the above-mentioned bentonites. It was found that the effectiveness of bentonites towards MBD removal was in the following order: thermal-bentonite > SDS-bentonite > natural bentonite. X-Ray diffraction analysis showed that an increase in the microscopic bentonite platelets on treatment with SDS was the reason behind the higher uptake of MBD. An increase in sorbent concentration or initial pH value of the solutions resulted in a greater removal of MBD from the solution. An increase in temperature led to an increase in MBD uptake by the bentonites studied in this work. The Freundlich isotherm model was employed and found to represent the experimental data well.

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Antibacterial Properties of CdO Nano-Cubes Synthesized via Microwave Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.294 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 829 ◽

pp. 294-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mehrdad Rashidzadeh

Keyword(s):

Structural Information ◽

Cadmium Oxide ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Raw Material ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Oxidation Reduction ◽

Cdo Nanoparticles

High purity Cadmium (Cd) metal was used as raw material and placed in a microwave susceptor. an evaporation/oxidation process occurs under exposure to microwave in less than 2 minutes. Then, Evaporated cadmium reacted with oxygen and cadmium oxide was collected on the inner surface of a glassy container that was placed a few centimeters above the susceptor. Morphological and structural information of As-synthesized CdO nanopowder, were investigated via SEM and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The antibacterial activities of different concentration of the CdO nanoparticles were tested by treating Escherichia coli (Gram negative) cultures with CdO nanoparticles. The Study indicates that cadmium oxide nanoparticles show effective antibacterial activity toward the gram-negative bacterium E. coli. Electrochemical properties of as-synthesized powder were investigated via linear and two vertex cyclic voltammetery in the presence of ethanol, a pair of Oxidation/reduction peaks were achieved.

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Characterization of Layered Double Hydroxide Modified with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and its Dispersion in Polyethylene

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.591.138 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 591 ◽

pp. 138-141

Author(s):

Zhi Dong Han ◽

Xin Ke Zhang ◽

Yue Wang ◽

Zheng Quan Jiang ◽

Peng Wang

Keyword(s):

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽

Layered Double Hydroxide ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Melt Blending ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Dodecyl Sulfate ◽

The Matrix ◽

Mixing Method ◽

Double Hydroxide

Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) was modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) by regeneration method. The structure of modified LDH (SDS-LDH) was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The composites of SDS-LDH and polyethylene (PE) were prepared by melt blending and solution mixing method with maleated PE (PEgMA) as compatibilizer. The structure of the composites and the dispersion of SDS-LDH in the matrix were investigated by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The results reveal that SDS was successfully intercalated into the interlayer space of LDH. SDS-LDH was hardly exfoliated in PE/PEgMA by melt blending. The nanocomposites of PE/(PEgMA/SDS-LDH) were successfully prepared by melt blending PE with SDS-LDH/PEgMA master-batch obtained by solution mixing. Homogeneous dispersion of SDS-LDH in the matrix was observed by TEM.

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Mobility of DR1 Molecules Embedded in Nanostructured PMMA Films

Journal of Nano Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.5.135 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 135-142

Author(s):

Jorge A. García-Macedo ◽

A. Franco ◽

Guadalupe Valverde-Aguilar ◽

M.A. Ríos-Enríquez

Keyword(s):

Second Harmonic ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Orientation Distribution ◽

Decay Rates ◽

Ammonium Bromide ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Poling Field ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium ◽

Kinetics Of

The kinetics of the orientation of Disperse Red 1 (DR1) molecules embedded in nanostructured Polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) films was studied under the effect of an intense constant electric poling field. The changes in the orientation distribution of the DR1 molecules were followed by Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) measurements. The SHG signal was recorded as function of time at three different temperatures. We focused on both, the signal increases under the presence of the poling field and the signal decays without the poling field. The studied PMMA films were nanostructured by the incorporation of ionic surfactants as the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and the Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) during their preparation. The kinds of nanostructures obtained in the films were determined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Substantial differences in signal intensity and in growth and decay rates between amorphous and nanostructured films were found.

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Fundamental and Technological Aspects of Actinide Oxide Pyrochlores: Relevance For Immobilization Matrices

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-556-3 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 556 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

P. E. Raison ◽

R. G. Haire ◽

T. Sato ◽

T. Ogawa

Keyword(s):

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Materials Science ◽

Oxidation Potential ◽

Oxygen Stoichiometry ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Oxidation Reduction ◽

Reduction Cycle ◽

Fluorite Type ◽

The Stability

AbstractPolycrystalline pyrochlore oxides consisting of selected f elements (lanthanides and actinides) and Zr and Hf have been prepared and characterized. Characterization to date has been primarily by X-ray diffraction, both at room and at elevated temperatures. Initial studies concentrated on selected lanthanides and the Np, Pu and Am analogs (reported here) but have been extended to the other actinide elements through Cf. Data from these studies have been used to establish a systematic correlation regarding the fundamental materials science of these particular pyrochlores and structurally related fluorite-type dioxides. In addition to pursuing their materials science, we have addressed some potential technological applications for these materials. Some of the latter concern: (1) immobilization matrices; (2) materials for transmutation concepts; and (3) special nuclear fuel forms that can minimize the generation of nuclear wastes. For f elements that display both a III and IV oxidation state in oxide matrices, the synthetic path required for producing the desired pyrochlore oxide is dictated by their pseudo-oxidation potential the stability of the compound towards oxygen uptake. For the f elements that display an oxidationreduction cycle for pyrochlore-dioxide solid solution, X-ray diffraction can be used to identify the composition in the oxidation-reduction cycle, the oxygen stoichiometry and/or the composition. This paper concentrates on the Np, Pu and Am systems, and addresses the above aspects, the role of the crystal matrix in controlling the ceramic products as well as discussingsome custom-tailored materials.

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Effect of the Structural and Morphological Properties of Surfactant-Assisted Hydroxyapatite on Dermal Irritation and Antibacterial Activity

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14216522 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 6522

Author(s):

Giovanni García Domínguez ◽

Sebastián Diaz De La Torre ◽

Lorena Chávez Güitrón ◽

Erasto Vergara Hernández ◽

Joan Reyes Miranda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Hexagonal Phase ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Streptococcus Anginosus ◽

Dermal Irritation ◽

Cationic And Anionic Surfactants

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles with a homogeneous rod morphology were successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The powders were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial and dermal irritation analyses of the samples were performed and discussed. The use of cationic and anionic surfactants, namely, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), respectively, at a low concentration (2.5 mol%) modified the length/diameter (L/D) ratio of the HAp rods. Structural characterizations of hydroxyapatite synthesized without surfactant (HA), with 2.5 and 5 mol% of SDS (SDS− and SDS+, respectively), and with 2.5 and 5 mol% of CTAB (CTAB− and CTAB+, respectively) revealed well-crystallized samples in the hexagonal phase. The CTAB− sample presented antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus anginosus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, suggesting that antimicrobial susceptibility was promoted by the bacterial nature and the use of the surfactant. Dermal irritation showed no clinical signs of disease in rabbits during the study, where there was neither erythema nor necrosis at the inoculation sites.

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Synthesis of Micro/nano Urchin-like VO2 Particles and Its Decolorization of Methylene Blue

VNU Journal of Science Mathematics - Physics ◽

10.25073/2588-1124/vnumap.4343 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Nguyen The Manh ◽

Duong Hong Quan ◽

Vu Thi Ngoc Minh ◽

Vuong Pham Hung

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Adsorption Properties ◽

Contaminated Water ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Synthesis Procedure ◽

Water Treatments ◽

Sds Surfactant ◽

Mb Adsorption

Micro/nano urchin-like VO2 particles were synthesized successfully by hydrothermal method. Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), oxalic acid (C2H2O4) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant were used as reagents for the synthesis of VO2. In this article, we have reported the synthesis procedure of VO2 nanorods and micro/nano urchin-like VO2 structure and evaluating the methylene blue (MB) adsorption properties. Morphology and particle size of VO2 were observed by FE-SEM. The phase formation of VO2 was studied by XRD. Raman spectroscopy was also used for characterization of VO2. Micro/nano urchin-like VO2 structure was showed good MB adsorption properties that have potential applications in dye-contaminated water treatments.

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