Utilization of Leather Waste Fibers in Polymer Matrix Composites Based on Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber

In this study, we present the fabrication of nitrile butadiene rubber/waste leather fiber (NBR/WLF) composites with different weight percentages of WLF and NBR (0/100, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60, 50/50, 60/40 wt/wt). WLF was prepared by cutting the scrap leathers from the waste product of the Vietnamese leather industry. Subsequently, in order to make the short fibers, it was mixed by a hammer mill. The characteristics of WLF/NBR composites such as mechanical properties (tensile strength, tear strength, hardness), dynamic mechanical properties, toluene absorption, and morphology were carefully evaluated. As a result, the tensile strength and tear strength become larger with increasing WLF content from 0 to 50 wt% and they decrease when further increasing WLF content. The highest tensile strength of 12.5 MPa and tear strength of 72.47 N/mm were achieved with the WLF/NBR ratio of 50/50 wt%. Both hardness and resistance of the developed materials with toluene increased with increasing WLF content. The SEM results showed a good adhesion of NBR matrix and the WLF. The increasing of storage modulus (E’) in comparison with raw NBR showed good compatibility between WLF and NBR matrix. This research showed that the recycled material from waste leather and NBR was successfully prepared and has great potential for manufacturing products such as floor covering courts and playgrounds, etc.

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The Effects of a Compatibilizer for Improving Mechanical Properties on Polymer Matrix Composites

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.877.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 877 ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Prathumrat Nuyang ◽

Atiwat Wiriya-Amornchai ◽

Watthanaphon Cheewawuttipong

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Young’S Modulus ◽

Polymer Matrix ◽

Polymer Matrix Composites ◽

Fine Powder ◽

Matrix Composites ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

The Impact

The effect of compatibilizer agent was studied when adding Aluminum fine powder (Al) to reinforce in Polypropylene (PP) by compared between polymer matrix composites (PMCs) and PMCs added Polypropylene graft maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH).The average particle size of the aluminum fine powder was around 75 μm filled in polypropylene with different proportions of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10wt%. PMCs were prepared using the internal mixer. The results found that when the amount of aluminum fine powder increased, the mechanical properties had changed, i.e., tensile strength, and Young’s Modulus increased, while the impact strength and elongation at break decreased. But, when adding compatibilizer 1wt% it was found that the trend of tensile strength, and Young’s Modulus increased that compared with non-compatibilizer, but the impact strength and elongation at break decreased. The part of the morphology of PMCs with non-compatibilizer was found that the particle of aluminum fine powder dispersed in the matrix phase, but there were many microvoids between filler and matrix. But, PMCs with compatibilizer caused the microvoids between filler and matrix to be reduced.

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An Overview of Alkali Treatments of Hemp Fibres and Their Effects on the Performance of Polymer Matrix Composites

10.5772/intechopen.100321 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tom Sunny ◽

Kim L. Pickering

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Stability ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Polymer Matrix Composites ◽

Alkali Treatment ◽

Matrix Composites ◽

Natural Plant ◽

Fibre Bundles ◽

Hemp Fibres ◽

Strength And Stiffness

The alkali treatment is aimed to modify the surface chemistry of natural plant fibres effectively through several factors. This treatment has been carried out at ambient and high temperature. Natural plant fibres treated with alkali have been seen to have benefits such as improved separation of fibres from fibre bundles, improved removal of unwanted surface constituents, increased tensile strength and stiffness, better thermal stability, and enhanced interfacial adhesions compared to other standard treatments. Hemp fibres are an attractive reinforcement for natural plant fibres as they are environmentally friendly compared to other natural plant fibres and exhibit good mechanical properties. This chapter mainly provides an overview of alkali treatments on hemp fibres.

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Effects of Carbon Nanotube on Tensile and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of NR/SBR and NR/XSBR Nanocomposites Prepared by Latex Compounding

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.612 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 488-489 ◽

pp. 612-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anyaporn Boonmahitthisud ◽

Saowaroj Chuayjuljit

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Storage Modulus ◽

Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Styrene Butadiene ◽

Latex Compounding

In this study, natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber (NR/SBR) and NR/carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (NR/XSBR) nanocomposites with carbon nanotube (CNT) were prepared by a latex compounding method. The dry weight ratio of either NR/SBR or NR/XSBR was fixed to 80/20 and the CNT loading in each blend was varied from 0.1 to 0.4 phr. The nanocomposite latices were cast into sheets on a glass mold and then cured at 80°C for 3 h. The tensile properties (tensile strength, modulus at 300% strain, elongation at break) and dynamic mechanical properties (storage modulus, loss tangent) of the vulcanizates were then evaluated. The results showed that the addition of CNT at a very loading could enhance the tensile strength, modulus at 300% strain and storage modulus of these two rubber bends in a dose dependent manner, except that the tensile strength peaked at an optimum filler level, declining at higher filler loadings, whilst the elongation at break deteriorated. Moreover, the tensile strength and modulus at 300% strain of the NR/XSBR nanocomposites appeared to be higher than those of the NR/SBR nanocomposites at the same CNT loadings.

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Short Nylon Fibers Waste Modified with Glycidyl 3-Pentadecenyl Phenyl Ether to Reinforce Styrene Butadiene Rubber Tread Compounds

Advances in Polymer Technology ◽

10.1155/2019/5847292 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Lan Cen ◽

Guo-zheng Lv ◽

Xin-wen Tan ◽

Zhan-lin Gong

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Phenyl Ether ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Wear Volume ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Environmental Benefit ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Tear Strength ◽

Styrene Butadiene

The utilization of waste fibers represents an important environmental benefit and great economic savings for the community. In this study short nylon fibers waste was modified with Glycidyl 3-Pentadecenyl Phenyl Ether (GPPE) in the presence of Triethylamine/Ammonium persulfate by a simple two-step procedure. The reinforcing effects of modified fibers (MNSF-2) on the vulcanization characteristics, mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and the wear resistant property of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) tread compounds were investigated. The addition of the MNSF-2 resulted in slightly lower minimum torque (ML) and maximum torque (MH), as well as longer cure time (t90) and scorch time (t10) of tread compounds. The deterioration of tensile strength and elongation at break of the tread compound containing short nylon fibers waste (NSF) was apparent. Conversely, the modified fibers showed reinforcing effect on tread compounds. The tensile strength values of compounds increased with MNSF-2 content, passed through a maximum value, and then reduced slightly. The modulus and the tear strength of compounds increased significantly with fiber loadings. The highest tear strength value was observed in 8phr MNSF-2 reinforced SBR compounds, 31.9% higher than that of the gum compound. Meanwhile elongation at break of MNSF-2 compound maintained a relative high value than that of NSF/SBR compound. The addition of NSF exaggerated wear volume of compounds. However, the wear resistance of MNSF-2 compounds was superior to that of NSF compounds and comparable with that of the gum compound. The DMA results reveal that E′ and tan⁡δ values decreased at elevated temperature. Meanwhile enhanced storage modulus in MNSF-2/SBR tread compound can be observed. It is worth highlighting that MNSF-2/SBR compounds show higher tan⁡δ at 0°C, indicating improved wet traction of tread compounds, while tan⁡δ at 60°C maintains almost the same value as that of the gum sample. The results of this study are encouraging, demonstrating that the use of short nylon fibers waste in composites offers promising potential for the green tire application.

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Experimental Study on Property of Rubber Composites Filled With Carbon Nanotubes

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.87-88.110 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 87-88 ◽

pp. 110-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ze Peng Wang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Experimental Study ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽

Rubber Composites ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Tear Strength ◽

Dynamic Mechanical

The basic and dynamic mechanical properties and thrermal conductivity of rubber composites filled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and various particle-sized carbon blacks (CB) were investigated. Results indicated that tear strength and modulus at a definite elongation of rubber composites filled with CNTs were enhanced compared to the conventional CB filler. However, tensile strength and elongation at break became lower. Thermal conductivity of rubber composites partly filled with CNTs is higher than those filled with CB. Rubber filled with the combination of CNTs and the bigger CB particles was beneficial to improve wet-resistant performance and roll resistance of elastomer such as tire.

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Analysis of PLA Composite Filaments Reinforced with Lignin and Polymerised-Lignin-Treated NFC

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13132174 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 2174

Author(s):

Diana Gregor-Svetec ◽

Mirjam Leskovšek ◽

Blaž Leskovar ◽

Urška Stanković Elesini ◽

Urška Vrabič-Brodnjak

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Glassy State ◽

Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽

Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽

Initial Modulus ◽

Surface Modified ◽

Scanning Electron

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most suitable materials for 3D printing. Blending with nanoparticles improves some of its properties, broadening its application possibilities. The article presents a study of composite PLA matrix filaments with added unmodified and lignin/polymerised lignin surface-modified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). The influence of untreated and surface-modified NFC on morphological, mechanical, technological, infrared spectroscopic, and dynamic mechanical properties was evaluated for different groups of samples. As determined by the stereo and scanning electron microscopy, the unmodified and surface-modified NFCs with lignin and polymerised lignin were present in the form of plate-shaped agglomerates. The addition of NFC slightly reduced the filaments’ tensile strength, stretchability, and ability to absorb energy, while in contrast, the initial modulus slightly improved. By adding NFC to the PLA matrix, the bending storage modulus (E’) decreased slightly at lower temperatures, especially in the PLA samples with 3 wt% and 5 wt% NFC. When NFC was modified with lignin and polymerised lignin, an increase in E’ was noticed, especially in the glassy state.

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Effects of the Mould Pressure and Mould Pressing Time on the Properties of Graphite/Phenolic Resin Composites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.95 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 706-708 ◽

pp. 95-98

Author(s):

Mi Dan Li ◽

Dong Mei Liu ◽

Lu Lu Feng ◽

Huan Niu ◽

Yao Lu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Polymer Matrix ◽

Phenolic Resin ◽

Polymer Matrix Composites ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Matrix Composites ◽

Natural Graphite ◽

Pressing Time

Polymer matrix composites made from phenolic resin are filled with natural graphite powders. They are fabricated by compression molding technique. The density, electrical conductivity and flexural strength of composite are analyzed to determine the influences of mould pressure and mould pressing time on the physical, electrical and mechanical properties of composite. It is found that the density, electrical conductivity and flexural strength of composites increased with increasing mould pressure. Under pressure of 40 MPa for 60 min, the density, electrical conductivity and flexural strength of composites were 1.85 g/cm3, 4.35  103 S/cm and 70 MPa, respectively. The decreased gaps could be the main reason for the increasing of density, electrical conductivity and flexural strength as mould pressure increases. The results also show that the density of composites increased with increasing mould pressing time.

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Novel modification of styrene butadiene rubber/acrylic rubber blends to improve mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and swelling behavior for oil sealing applications

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/09673911211031351 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096739112110313

Author(s):

Ahmed Abdel-Hakim ◽

Soma A el-Mogy ◽

Ahmed I Abou-Kandil

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Crosslink Density ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Rubber Blends ◽

Dynamic Mechanical ◽

Oil Resistance ◽

Styrene Butadiene

Blending of rubber is an important route to modify properties of individual elastomeric components in order to obtain optimum chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. In this study, a novel modification of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is made by employing acrylic rubber (ACM) to obtain blends of outstanding mechanical, dynamic, and oil resistance properties. In order to achieve those properties, we used a unique vulcanizing system that improves the crosslink density between both polymers and enhances the dynamic mechanical properties as well as its resistance to both motor and break oils. Static mechanical measurements, tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness are improved together with dynamic mechanical properties investigated using dynamic mechanical analyses. We also proposed a mechanism for the improvement of crosslink density and consequently oil resistance properties. This opens new opportunities for using SBR/ACM blends in oil sealing applications that requires rigorous mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties.

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Styrene–Acrylic Emulsion with “Transition Layer” for Damping Coating: Synthesis and Characterization

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13091406 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1406

Author(s):

Daoyuan Chen ◽

Mingjin Ding ◽

Zhixiong Huang ◽

Yanbing Wang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Transition Layer ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Latex Film ◽

Seeded Emulsion Polymerization ◽

Acrylic Emulsion ◽

Dynamic Mechanical

In order to study the dynamic mechanical properties of styrene–acrylic latex with a core/shell structure, a variety of latexes were synthesized by semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization based on “particle design” with the same material. The latexes were characterized by rotary viscosimeter, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and universal testing machine. The effects of difference at the glass transition temperature (Tg) of core and shell and the introduction of the “transition layer” on the damping and mechanical properties of latex film were studied. The results indicate that as the Tg of core and shell gets closer, the better the compatibility of core and shell, from phase separation to phase continuity. Furthermore, the introduction of the “transition layer” can effectively improve the tensile strength and tan δ (max) of the latex film. The tensile strength and maximum loss factor (f = 1 Hz) of latex with the “transition layer” increased by 36.73% and 29.11% respectively compared with the latex without the “transition layer”. This work provides a reference for the design of emulsion for damping coating.

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